1、Designation: C1504M 13C1504M 13aStandard Specification forManufacture of Precast Reinforced Concrete Three-SidedStructures for Culverts and Storm Drains (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1504M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast conventionally reinfo
3、rced concrete three-sided structures intended to be usedfor the construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water.1.2 This specification is the metric counterpart of Specification C1504; therefore, no imperial (metric) equivalents are presentedin this specification.NOTE 1This specificat
4、ion is primarily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. The successful performance of this product depends upon theproper selection of the geometric section, bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The purchaser ofthe precast reinforced c
5、oncrete three-sided structure specified herein is cautioned that he must properly correlate proper correlation of the loadingconditions and the field requirements with the geometric section specified and provideprovisions for inspection at the construction site.site are required.1.3 The values state
6、d in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.2. R
7、eferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A82/A82MA1064/A1064M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete ReinforcementCarbon-Steel Wire and Welded WireReinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteA185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for ConcreteA496/A496M Speci
8、fication for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete ReinforcementA497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for ConcreteA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA616/A616M Specification for Rail-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars
9、 for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 1999)3A617/A617M Specification for Axle-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 1999)3A706/A706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Tes
10、t Specimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC150 Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Comp
11、ounds for Curing ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile (Metric)C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC8
12、22 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and
13、 Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2013July 1, 2013. Published March 2013July 2013. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20102013 asC1504M 04 (2010). C1504M 13. DOI: 10.1520/C1504M-13.10.1520/C1504M-13A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit the
14、ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an
15、indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to
16、be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete2.2 AASHTO Standard:Standard Specifications for Highway BridgesAASHTO LRFD Bridge Desig
17、n Specifications32.3 ACI Standard:ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms, see Terminology C822.4. Types4.1 Precast reinforced concrete three-sided structures manufactured in accordance with this specification sh
18、all be designated byspan, rise, and design earth cover.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the three-sided sections produced in accordance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of theconcrete compressive strength tests described in Section 10, by the material requirements describe
19、d in Section 6, and by inspectionof the finished three-sided sections.5.2 Three-sided sections shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of this specification.6. Materials6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mine
20、ral aggregates and water, inwhich steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portlandblast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozz
21、olan cement conforming to the requirements of Specification C595, except that thepozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (
22、GGBFS)GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 ofSpecification C989.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall beone of the following:(1) Portland cement only,(2) Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,(3
23、) Slag modified portland cement only,(3) Portland pozzolan cement only,(4) A combination of portland cement and fly ash,(5) A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag,(6) A combination of portland cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25% of the t
24、otal cementitiousweight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25% of the total cementitious weight).slag, and fly ash.(7) A combination of portland pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33, except that the requirements for gradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixture
25、s and BlendsAdmixtures and blends may be used withshall conform to Specification C494/C494Mthe approvalof the purchaser6.4.1 Air Entraining AdmixturesAir entraining will be required on all products produced with positive slump, wet-castconcrete, and shall conform to the requirements of Specification
26、 C494/C494MC260/C260M.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to SpecificationsSpecificationA185/A185MA1064/A1064M orfor A497/A497M or steel wire and welded wire reinforcement, plain and deformed, for concrete.For circumferential reinforcement, defo
27、rmed and plain steel bars for reinforced concrete are permitted conforming to SpecificationA706/A706M or A615/A615M, Grade 60,420, A616/A616M, orand longitudinal A617/A617M. Longitudinal distributionreinforcement mayshall consist of welded wire reinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars conforming
28、to SpecificationA706/A706M or A615/A615M, Grade 60.420.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.20001,htt
29、p:/www.transportation.org.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.C1504M 13a2NOTE 2This specification does not address reinforcement with prestressing strand or any other form of pre-tensioning or post-tensioning.6.6
30、Synthetic FibersCollated fibrillated virgin polypropylene fibers may be used, at the manufacturers option, in three-sidedstructures as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Only type III synthetic fibers designed and manufactured specifically for usein concrete and conforming to the requirements o
31、f Specification C1116 shall be accepted.7. Design7.1 Design CriteriaThe three-sided sections dimensions and reinforcement details shall be as required by design, inaccordance with Section 17.8 of the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. 3, 5, and 12.14 of the AmericanAssociation of St
32、ate Highways and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. The minimumconcrete compressive strength shall be 35 MPa, and the minimum steel yield strength shall be 445450 MPa for welded-wirereinforcement and 411420 MPa for deformed billet-steel bars.7.2 Placement of Reinfor
33、cementThe minimum cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement reinforcing diametershall be 25 mm, subject to the mm for bar reinforcement and welded wire reinforcement for all structures up to 3.6 m in span and38 mm for longer spans subject to provisions of Section 11. for both bar rein
34、forcement and welded wire reinforcement. The cleardistance of the end circumferential wires shall be not less than 13 mm nor more than 50 mm from the ends of each section. Forthree-sided sections covered by less than 0.6 m of fill, minimum cover for the reinforcement in the top of the top slab shall
35、 be 50mm, subject to the provisions of Section 11. Reinforcement shall be assembled utilizing any combination of single or multiplelayers of welded-wire reinforcement, not to exceed three layers or utilizing single or multiple layers of deformed billet steel bars,not to exceed two layers. The welded
36、-wire reinforcement on 7.3 shall be composed of circumferential and longitudinal wiresmeeting the spacing requirements of 7.3 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending through the three-sided sectionto maintain the shape and position of reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinfo
37、rcement may be welded-wire reinforcementor deformed billet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing requirements of 7.3.The ends of the longitudinal distribution reinforcementshall not be more than 50 mm from the ends of a three-sided section. The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, andspa
38、cers used to position the reinforcement shall not be a cause for rejection.7.3 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. For welded wirereinforcement, the overlap measured between the outermost longitudinal wires of each reinforcement sheet or the
39、 outermost barsshall not be less than the spacing of the longitudinal wires plus 50 mm but not less than 250 mm. For splices of deformed billetsteel bars, the overlap shall meet the requirements of AASHTO. The outside circumferential reinforcement in the top slab shallbe continuous with or be lapped
40、 with the outside circumferential reinforcement in the sides. If welds are made to welded wirereinforcement circumferential reinforcement, they shall be made only to selected circumferential wires that are not less than 450mm apart along the longitudinal axis of the three-sided section. When spacers
41、 are welded to circumferential wires, they shall bewelded only to these selected circumferential wires. There shall be no welding to other circumferential wires. No welds shall bemade to the inside circumferential wires in the middle third of the top span. No welds shall be made to the outside circu
42、mferentialwires in the top span within one fourth of the span from the corners or in any location in either leg. Welding of deformed billetsteel bar circumferential reinforcement is prohibited in all cases. When distribution reinforcement is to be fastened to a cage bywelding, it shall be welded onl
43、y to longitudinal wires or bars and only near the ends of the three-sided section. The spacing centerto center of the circumferential (wires) reinforcement shall not be less than 50 mm nor more than 100 mm for welded wirereinforcement or less than 50 mm nor more than 200 mm for deformed billet steel
44、 bars. The spacing center to center of thelongitudinal reinforcement shall not be more than 200 mm for welded wire reinforcement or more than 300 mm for deformed billetsteel bars. If welds are made to Grade 60420 reinforcing bars, weldable bars conforming to Specification A706/A706M shall beused.8.
45、Joints8.1 The precast reinforced concrete three-sided structures shall be produced with tongue and groove ends, flat butt ends orkey-way ends. The ends shall be of such design and the ends of the three-sided sections so formed that each section can be laidtogether to make a continuous line of sectio
46、ns compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.9. Manufacture9.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materialsand water as will and admixture, if any, to produce a thoroughly-mixed thoroughly mixed concrete of
47、 such quality that eachsectionthe structures will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have awater-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weights. weights except that for concrete exposed to cyclic freeze/thawthe water-cementitious materia
48、ls ratio shall not exceed 0.45. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be addedto the mix in a proportion not less than 280 kg/m3 unless mix designs with a lower cementitious materials content demonstratethat the quality and performance of the three-sided sections meet the req
49、uirements of this specification. Wet cast concrete subjectto freeze/thaw cycle shall be air-entrained. Air entrainment amounts shall be in accordance with ACI 318-11, Chapter 4, for theappropriate Exposure Class.C1504M 13a39.2 CuringThe three-sided sections shall be cured for a sufficient length of time so that the concrete will develop the requiredcompressive strength by the time of delivery. Any one of the following methods of curing or combinations thereof may be used:9.2.1 Steam CuringThe three-sided section may be low pressure, steam-cured by a syst
