1、Designation: C 1512 07Standard Test Method forCharacterizing the Effect of Exposure to EnvironmentalCycling on Thermal Performance of Insulation Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1512; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is applicable to preformed or fieldmanufactured thermal i
3、nsulation products, such as board stockfoams, rigid fibrous and composite materials manufacturedwith or without protective facings. See Note 1 This test methodis not applicable to high temperature, reflective or loose fillinsulation.NOTE 1If the product is manufactured with a facer, test product wit
4、hfacer in place.1.2 This test method involves two stages: preconditioningand environmental cycling. During the first stage, 25 mm (1in.) thick specimens are used to separate two environments.Each of these environments has a constant but differenttemperature and humidity level. During the environment
5、alcycling stage, specimens also divide two environments namelyconstant room temperature/humidity on one side and cyclingtemperature/ambient relative humidity on the other side.1.3 This test method measures the ability of the product tomaintain thermal performance and critical physical attributesafte
6、r being subjected to standardized exposure conditions. Acomparison is made between material properties for referencespecimens stored in the laboratory for the test period andspecimens subjected to the two-stage test method. To eliminatethe effect of moisture from the comparison, the materialproperti
7、es of the latter test specimens are determined after theyhave been dried to constant weight. The average value deter-mined for each of the two sets of specimens is used forcomparison.1.4 Different properties can be measured to assess the effectof environmental factors on thermal insulation. This tes
8、tmethod requires that thermal resistance be determined basedupon an average for three specimens measured after complet-ing the test. Secondary elements of this test method includevisual observations such as cracking, delamination or othersurface defects, as well as the change in moisture content aft
9、ereach of the two stages of exposure prescribed by the testmethod.1.5 Characterization of the tested material is an essentialelement of this test method. Material properties used forcharacterization will include either compressive resistance ortensile strength values. The compressive resistance or t
10、ensilestrength is measured on two sets of specimens, one setconditioned as defined in 1.2 and a set of reference testspecimens taken from the same material batch and stored in thelaboratory for the whole test period. For comparison, anaverage value is determined for each of the two sets ofspecimens.
11、1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish app
12、ro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Propertiesof Thermal InsulationsC 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 177 Test Method for
13、Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC 303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC 518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat F
14、low Meter ApparatusC 870 Practice for Conditioning of Thermal Insulating Ma-terialsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteD 1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties Of RigidCellular PlasticsD 1623 Test Method for Tensile and Tensile Adhesion1Th
15、is test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on InsulationFinishes and Moisture.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20
16、01 as C 151201.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
17、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this test method are definedin Terminology C 168 with the exceptions included as appro-priate.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1
18、compressive resistancethe compressive load perunit of original area at the specified deformation. See TestMethod C 165.3.2.2 moisture accumulationan increase in the averagemoisture content resulting from a specified exposure to condi-tions facilitating moisture ingress into the material.3.2.3 precon
19、ditioninga procedure which subjects testspecimens to standardized one directional thermal gradient.3.2.4 thermal performancecomparison of thermal resis-tance of test specimens before and after cycling.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 To reduce the testing period, this procedure involves twostages:4.1.1
20、Stage 1Preconditioning under constant thermal gra-dient and relative humidity to accelerate ingress of moistureinto the test specimen.4.1.2 Stage 2Exposure to constant temperature and rela-tive humidity on one side of test specimens with cyclingenvironmental conditions on the other side that include
21、 freeze-thaw exposure.5. Significance and Use5.1 Exposing a specimen to conditions of one-directionalenvironmental cycling can increase its moisture content until adecrease in material properties occurs (at a specific number ofcycles). Such a test could be inappropriate due to the numberof cycles re
22、quired to cause a decrease in material propertiessince product performance issues often arise only after manyyears of exposure. The use of a preconditioning procedure isnot intended to duplicate expected field performance. Ratherthe purpose is to increase the moisture content of test materialsprior
23、to subjecting to them to environmental cycling.5.2 The most important aspect of the preconditioning pro-cedure is non-uniform moisture distribution in the specimen.The heat flow is one directional causing moisture flow towardsthe cold side resulting in zones of dry material on the warmside and high
24、moisture content on the cold side. (Whether thehigh moisture content zone is located right at the cold surfaceof the specimen or at some distance from this surface dependsupon temperature oscillation and ability of the cold surface todry outwards). Because the preconditioning procedure involvestherm
25、al gradient, this preconditioning procedure results in adistribution of moisture content that may occur under fieldexposure conditions. However, the resulting moisture contentmay differ significantly from that which may be demonstratedin typical product applications.5.3 The preconditioning results i
26、n accumulation of moisturein the thermal insulation resulting from the simultaneousexposure to a difference in temperature and water vaporpressure. This test method is not intended to duplicate fieldexposure. It is intended to provide comparative ratings. Asexcessive accumulation of moisture in a co
27、nstruction systemmay adversely affect its performance, the designer shouldconsider the potential for moisture accumulation and thepossible effects of this moisture on the system performance.6. Apparatus6.1 The room where the apparatus is placed shall bemaintained at a temperature and relative humidi
28、ty of 24 6 3C(75 6 5F) and 50 6 10 %.6.2 Freeze-Thaw Chamber, capable of maintaining an airtemperature of -15 6 3C (5 6 5F) over an extended periodof time. The design of the apparatus should ensure that thetemperature of the upper surface of the sheet metal locatedbelow the insulation specimen (meas
29、ured in the center of thepan) be not higher than -4C (25F) when the freezers airtemperature reaches its lower limit. This can be achieved byplacing thermal insulation between the metal pan and thespecimen frame and/or mixing of air in the cold chamber.6.3 Sheet Metal Pan, placed below the specimens.
30、 This panperforms two functions: it equalizes temperature and reducesdiffusion of water vapor into the freeze-thaw chamber. Thedistance between the cold surface of the specimen and the sheetmetal should be no less than 6 mm (14 in.) and no more than12 mm (12 in). The required space is normally maint
31、ained byattaching a support of the required height that is made from6-mm (14 in.) thick Plexiglas or other non-absorbing materialson the inside surface of the specimen frame (see Fig. 2).6.4 Frame, that is placed in the door opening of the freezer(see Figs. 1 and 2) or other means of specimen suppor
32、t. Testframes used are made from 6 6 0.5 mm thick Plexiglas orother non-absorbing material. These frames are used to mountindividual test specimens. The selection of the test frame (sizeof the test specimen) may vary based upon the thermal testingapparatus that is used.6.5 Warm Chamber, above the te
33、st specimens that is pro-vided with a heater and a temperature controller capable ofmaintaining a temperature of 24 6 2C (75 6 3F) and ahumidifier capable of maintaining humidity in the warmchamber of 90 6 5 %RH.6.6 Sensors, for measuring temperature of the freeze-thawand warm chambers and relative
34、humidity in the warmchamber.6.7 Balance, capable of weighing mass of maximum 1 kgwith precision of 0.01 g.7. Test Specimens7.1 Test specimens shall be square in cross-section with aminimum area of 645 cm2(100 in.2) and a maximum of 3716cm2(576 in.2). The standard specimen thickness shall be 2.54cm (
35、1 in.). Care should be taken so that the top and bottomsurfaces of the specimens exposed to thermal gradient areparallel with one another and perpendicular to the sides.7.2 All surfaces of the specimens shall be free from visibleflaws or imperfections.7.3 For comparison, two test specimen sets each
36、consistingof a minimum of three specimens are tested. One set of testspecimens are tested after preconditioning and after environ-mental cycling as described in Section 9. A second set ofC1512072reference test specimens are stored in the laboratory for theduration of preconditioning and environmenta
37、l cycling testbefore thermal resistance and compressive resistance or tensilestrength testing.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the test specimens before testing at 23 6 2C(73 6 4F) and 50 6 5 %RH relative humidity for not less than40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of PracticeD 618.9. Pro
38、cedure9.1 Condition specimens to constant mass in accordancewith Practice C 870 before testing. Measure the dimensionsand mass of each specimen in accordance with Test MethodC 303. Record the initial mass of each specimen prior tosubjecting to preconditioning procedure.9.2 Testing of Specimens Befor
39、e and After EnvironmentalCycling:FIG. 1 Plan View of Test Equipment SetupFIG. 2 Vertical Section at Interface Between Freezer Wall and Lid Illustrating Placement of Test Specimens in the Test FrameC15120739.2.1 Three specimens shall be tested for thermal resistancevalue before and after environmenta
40、l cycling using TestMethod C 518 or C 177.9.2.2 Where applicable, nine specimens shall be tested forcompressive resistance before and after environmental cyclingusing Test Method C 165 or D 1621.9.2.3 Where applicable, nine specimens shall be tested fortensile strength before and after environmental
41、 cycling usingTest Method D 1623.9.3 Preconditioning:9.3.1 Test specimens are preconditioned for 28 days toincrease moisture content. This is achieved under conditions ofwater vapor diffusion associated with a constant thermalgradient. The specimens are dividing two environments,namely:9.3.1.1 Tempe
42、rature of 24 6 2C (75 6 3F) and relativehumidity of 90 6 5 % on warm side, and9.3.1.2 Temperature of -15 6 3C (5 6 5F) and ambientrelative humidity (uncontrolled relative humidity) on the coldside.9.3.2 If the specimens are provided with facing, stuccolamina or other protective finishes, these finis
43、hes should beplaced on the cold side during the preconditioning exposure.9.3.3 Weigh each specimen after initial preconditioning.Moisture content (% by volume) of the specimen is calculatedafter completing the preconditioning exposure. Normally thespecimens are returned to the same equipment but con
44、ditionson the cold side are changed and cycling under environmentalconditions which include freeze-thaw cycling on the cold sideproceeds.9.4 Environmental Cycling Conditions:9.4.1 Place test specimens in the test frame (Fig. 2) and sealthe edges of the test specimens to prevent passage of air around
45、the edges.9.4.2 Test specimens shall be placed for 20 days (40 cycles)separating two environments:9.4.2.1 Warm chamber where temperature and relative hu-midity are maintained at 24 6 2C (75 6 3F) and 90 65 %RH; and9.4.2.2 Environmental cycling chamber where conditionsrequire temperature cycling betw
46、een two levels: -15 6 3C (56 5F) and 15 6 3C (59 6 5F). The total cycling period istwelve hours, divided equally into cold and warm exposures.The warm exposure (at least4hattemperature higher than5C) is ended with the transition period of no longer than 2 h.During the cold exposure stage of the cycl
47、e, air in the chamberis cooled to -15 6 3C (5 6 5F). The cold exposure period isended with a similar transition period (to reach an air tempera-ture higher than 5C) during a period of 2 h.9.4.3 Weigh each specimen after completion of environ-mental cycling and calculate moisture content (% by volume
48、).Condition specimens to constant mass in accordance with 9.1and subject to testing in accordance with 9.2.10. Report10.1 The test report shall include the following information,including references to applicable test methods:10.1.1 The date of the report.10.1.2 The name, address and identification
49、of the testinglaboratory.10.1.3 The manufacturer of the material, the date of manu-facture and the date of receiving samples.10.1.4 Number of samples received and the number ofspecimens tested in respective categories.10.1.5 The name or identification of the material tested anddescription of facers (if any).10.1.6 The method of specimen preparation.10.1.7 The type and size of the preconditioning set-up andthe preconditioning conditions.10.1.8 The moisture content (% by volume) of each testspecimen after preconditioning and cycling.10.1.9 Average an
