1、Designation: C1512 10 (Reapproved 2015)1Standard Test Method forCharacterizing the Effect of Exposure to EnvironmentalCycling on Thermal Performance of Insulation Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1512; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o
2、foriginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in September 2015.1. Scope
3、1.1 This test method is applicable to preformed or fieldmanufactured thermal insulation products, such as board stockfoams, rigid fibrous and composite materials manufacturedwith or without protective facings. See Note 1 This test methodis not applicable to high temperature, reflective or loose fill
4、insulation.NOTE 1If the product is manufactured with a facer, test product withfacer in place.1.2 This test method involves two stages: preconditioningand environmental cycling. During the first stage, 25 mm (1in.) thick specimens are used to separate two environments.Each of these environments has
5、a constant but differenttemperature and humidity level. During the environmentalcycling stage, specimens also divide two environments namelyconstant room temperature/humidity on one side and cyclingtemperature/ambient relative humidity on the other side.1.3 This test method measures the ability of t
6、he product tomaintain thermal performance and critical physical attributesafter being subjected to standardized exposure conditions. Acomparison is made between material properties for referencespecimens stored in the laboratory for the test period andspecimens subjected to the two-stage test method
7、. To eliminatethe effect of moisture from the comparison, the materialproperties of the latter test specimens are determined after theyhave been dried to constant weight. The average value deter-mined for each of the two sets of specimens is used forcomparison.1.4 Different properties can be measure
8、d to assess the effectof environmental factors on thermal insulation. This testmethod requires that thermal resistance be determined basedupon an average for three specimens measured after complet-ing the test. Secondary elements of this test method includevisual observations such as cracking, delam
9、ination or othersurface defects, as well as the change in moisture content aftereach of the two stages of exposure prescribed by the testmethod.1.5 Characterization of the tested material is an essentialelement of this test method. Material properties used forcharacterization will include either com
10、pressive resistance ortensile strength values. The compressive resistance or tensilestrength is measured on two sets of specimens, one setconditioned as defined in 1.2 and a set of reference testspecimens taken from the same material batch and stored in thelaboratory for the whole test period. For c
11、omparison, anaverage value is determined for each of the two sets ofspecimens.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with i
12、ts use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties ofThermal Insul
13、ationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC518 Test Metho
14、d for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on InsulationFinishes and Moisture.Current edition approved May 15,
15、 2015. Published September 2015. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C151210. DOI:10.1520/C1512-10R15E012For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
16、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C870 Practice for Conditioning of Thermal Insulating Ma-terialsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or
17、 CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteD1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidCellular PlasticsD1623 Test Method for Tensile and Tensile Adhesion Prop-erties of Rigid Cellular PlasticsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Condu
18、cting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this test method are definedin Terminology C168 with the exceptions included as appro-priate.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 compressive resistancethe compress
19、ive load per unitof original area at the specified deformation. See Test MethodC165.3.2.2 moisture accumulationan increase in the averagemoisture content resulting from a specified exposure to condi-tions facilitating moisture ingress into the material.3.2.3 preconditioninga procedure which subjects
20、 testspecimens to standardized one directional thermal gradient.3.2.4 thermal performancecomparison of thermal resis-tance of test specimens before and after cycling.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 To reduce the testing period, this procedure involves twostages:4.1.1 Stage 1Preconditioning under consta
21、nt thermal gra-dient and relative humidity to accelerate ingress of moistureinto the test specimen.4.1.2 Stage 2Exposure to constant temperature and rela-tive humidity on one side of test specimens with cyclingenvironmental conditions on the other side that include freeze-thaw exposure.5. Significan
22、ce and Use5.1 Exposing a specimen to conditions of one-directionalenvironmental cycling can increase its moisture content until adecrease in material properties occurs (at a specific number ofcycles). Such a test could be inappropriate due to the numberof cycles required to cause a decrease in mater
23、ial propertiessince product performance issues often arise only after manyyears of exposure. The use of a preconditioning procedure isnot intended to duplicate expected field performance. Ratherthe purpose is to increase the moisture content of test materialsprior to subjecting to them to environmen
24、tal cycling.5.2 The most important aspect of the preconditioning pro-cedure is non-uniform moisture distribution in the specimen.The heat flow is one directional causing moisture flow towardsthe cold side resulting in zones of dry material on the warmside and high moisture content on the cold side.
25、(Whether thehigh moisture content zone is located right at the cold surfaceof the specimen or at some distance from this surface dependsupon temperature oscillation and ability of the cold surface todry outwards). Because the preconditioning procedure involvesthermal gradient, this preconditioning p
26、rocedure results in adistribution of moisture content that may occur under fieldexposure conditions. However, the resulting moisture contentmay differ significantly from that which may be demonstratedin typical product applications.5.3 The preconditioning results in accumulation of moisturein the th
27、ermal insulation resulting from the simultaneousexposure to a difference in temperature and water vaporpressure. This test method is not intended to duplicate fieldexposure. It is intended to provide comparative ratings. Asexcessive accumulation of moisture in a construction systemmay adversely affe
28、ct its performance, the designer shouldconsider the potential for moisture accumulation and thepossible effects of this moisture on the system performance.6. Apparatus6.1 The room where the apparatus is placed shall bemaintained at a temperature and relative humidity of 24 6 3C(75 6 5F) and 50 6 10
29、%.6.2 Freeze-Thaw Chamber, capable of maintaining an airtemperature of -15 6 3C (5 6 5F) over an extended periodof time. The design of the apparatus should ensure that thetemperature of the upper surface of the sheet metal locatedbelow the insulation specimen (measured in the center of thepan) be no
30、t higher than -4C (25F) when the freezers airtemperature reaches its lower limit. This can be achieved byplacing thermal insulation between the metal pan and thespecimen frame and/or mixing of air in the cold chamber.6.3 Sheet Metal Pan, placed below the specimens. This panperforms two functions: it
31、 equalizes temperature and reducesdiffusion of water vapor into the freeze-thaw chamber. Thedistance between the cold surface of the specimen and the sheetmetal should be no less than 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) and no morethan 12.7 mm (0.5 in). The required space is normallymaintained by attaching a support
32、 of the required height that ismade from 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) thick Plexiglas or othernon-absorbing materials on the inside surface of the specimenframe (see Fig. 2).6.4 Frame, that is placed in the door opening of the freezer(see Figs. 1 and 2) or other means of specimen support. Testframes used are
33、made from 6.35 6 0.5 mm (0.25 6 0.02 in.)thick Plexiglas or other non-absorbing material. These framesare used to mount individual test specimens. The selection ofthe test frame (size of the test specimen) may vary based uponthe thermal testing apparatus that is used.6.5 Warm Chamber, above the test
34、 specimens that is pro-vided with a heater and a temperature controller capable ofmaintaining a temperature of 24 6 2C (75 6 3F) and ahumidifier capable of maintaining humidity in the warmchamber of 90 6 5 %RH.6.6 Sensors, for measuring temperature of the freeze-thawand warm chambers and relative hu
35、midity in the warmchamber.C1512 10 (2015)126.7 Balance, capable of weighing mass of maximum 1 kgwith precision of 0.01 g.7. Test Specimens7.1 Test specimens shall be square in cross-section with aminimum area of 645 cm2(100 in.2) and a maximum of 3716cm2(576 in.2). The standard specimen thickness sh
36、all be 2.54cm (1 in.). Care should be taken so that the top and bottomsurfaces of the specimens exposed to thermal gradient areparallel with one another and perpendicular to the sides.7.2 All surfaces of the specimens shall be free from visibleflaws or imperfections.7.3 For comparison, two test spec
37、imen sets each consistingof a minimum of three specimens are tested. One set of testspecimens are tested after preconditioning and after environ-mental cycling as described in Section 9. A second set ofreference test specimens are stored in the laboratory for theFIG. 1 Plan View of Test Equipment Se
38、tupFIG. 2 Vertical Section at Interface Between Freezer Wall and Lid Illustrating Placement of Test Specimens in the Test FrameC1512 10 (2015)13duration of preconditioning and environmental cycling testbefore thermal resistance and compressive resistance or tensilestrength testing.8. Conditioning8.1
39、 Condition the test specimens before testing at 23 6 2C(73 6 4F) and 50 6 5 %RH relative humidity for not less than40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of PracticeC618.9. Procedure9.1 Condition specimens to constant mass in accordancewith Practice C870 before testing. Measure the dimens
40、ions andmass of each specimen in accordance with Test Method C303.Record the initial mass of each specimen prior to subjecting topreconditioning procedure.9.2 Testing of Specimens Before and After EnvironmentalCycling:9.2.1 Three specimens shall be tested for thermal resistancevalue before and after
41、 environmental cycling using TestMethod C518 or C177.9.2.2 Where applicable, nine specimens shall be tested forcompressive resistance before and after environmental cyclingusing Test Method C165 or D1621.9.2.3 Where applicable, nine specimens shall be tested fortensile strength before and after envi
42、ronmental cycling usingTest Method D1623.9.3 Preconditioning:9.3.1 Test specimens are preconditioned for 28 days toincrease moisture content. This is achieved under conditions ofwater vapor diffusion associated with a constant thermalgradient. The specimens are dividing two environments,namely:9.3.1
43、.1 Temperature of 24 6 2C (75 6 3F) and relativehumidity of 90 6 5 % on warm side, and9.3.1.2 Temperature of -15 6 3C (5 6 5F) and ambientrelative humidity (uncontrolled relative humidity) on the coldside.9.3.2 If the specimens are provided with facing, stuccolamina or other protective finishes, the
44、se finishes should beplaced on the cold side during the preconditioning exposure.9.3.3 Weigh each specimen after initial preconditioning.Moisture content (% by volume) of the specimen is calculatedafter completing the preconditioning exposure. Normally thespecimens are returned to the same equipment
45、 but conditionson the cold side are changed and cycling under environmentalconditions which include freeze-thaw cycling on the cold sideproceeds.9.4 Environmental Cycling Conditions:9.4.1 Place test specimens in the test frame (Fig. 2) and sealthe edges of the test specimens to prevent passage of ai
46、r aroundthe edges.9.4.2 Test specimens shall be placed for 20 days (40 cycles)separating two environments:9.4.2.1 Warm chamber where temperature and relative hu-midity are maintained at 24 6 2C (75 6 3F) and 90 65 %RH; and9.4.2.2 Environmental cycling chamber where conditionsrequire temperature cycl
47、ing between two levels: -15 6 3C (56 5F) and 15 6 3C (59 6 5F). The total cycling period istwelve hours, divided equally into cold and warm exposures.The warm exposure (at least4hattemperature higher than 5C(40F) is ended with the transition period of no longer than 2h. During the cold exposure stag
48、e of the cycle, air in thechamber is cooled to -15 6 3C (5 6 5F). The cold exposureperiod is ended with a similar transition period (to reach an airtemperature higher than 5C (40F) during a period of 2 h.9.4.3 Weigh each specimen after completion of environ-mental cycling and calculate moisture cont
49、ent (% by volume).Condition specimens to constant mass in accordance with 9.1and subject to testing in accordance with 9.2.10. Report10.1 The test report shall include the following information,including references to applicable test methods:10.1.1 The date of the report.10.1.2 The name, address and identification of the testinglaboratory.10.1.3 The manufacturer of the material, the date of manu-facture and the date of receiving samples.10.1.4 Number of samples received and the number ofspecimens tested in respective categories.10.1.5 The na
