1、Designation: C 1523 04Standard Test Method forDetermining Modulus, Tear and Adhesion Properties ofPrecured Elastomeric Joint Sealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1523; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure formeasuring modulus, tear, joint movement a
3、bility and adhesionproperties of applied, Precured Elastomeric Joint Sealants,hereinafter referred to as “applied seal” and if not applied,hereinafter referred to as “seal,” on portland cement mortar asa standard substrate and or other substrates. It tests theseproperties after dry, wet, frozen, hea
4、t aged or artificiallyweather-aged conditionings, or both.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. Other values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
5、It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is notaware of any similar standard published by another committee
6、or organization.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC 1375 Guide for Substrates Used in Testing Building Sealsand SealantsC 1442 Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants UsingArtificial Weathering ApparatusD 1566 Terminology Relating to RubberG
7、 113 Terminology Relating to Natural and ArtificialWeathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices That Use Laboratory Light SourcesG 154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
8、G 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatusfor Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology C 717 for definitionsof the following terms used in this test method: adhesivefailure, cohesive failure, primer, modulus, and to TerminologyD 1566 for tear and
9、 to Terminology G 113 for definitionsrelated to artificial weathering.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Model joints are prepared, the seal is adhered to thesubstrate utilizing an adhesive sealant specified by the manu-facturer, hereinafter referred to as adhesive, then exposed to avariety of conditionin
10、gs such as heat, cold, artificial weatheringor water immersion. A specific set of specimens can go througheach conditioning or separate specimens can be used for eachconditioning. After exposure the test specimens are subjectedto an elongation (strain) and held at this elongation for as longas is de
11、sired. The elongation (joint expansion) is performedwith a tensometer to obtain tensile-forces during the pull. Oneaspect of the test has the applied seal cut in the middle of thejoint and then elongated and the degree of tear propagationnoted. After the initial strain the samples can be subjected t
12、ocycles of repeated strain. The samples can also be tested todestruction. The movement test and tear test can be done onseparate sets of test specimens or done sequentially with thesame test specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 Seals are manufactured in flat extruded shapes and areprimarily used to s
13、pan joint openings. The seal is adhered toconstruction substrates utilizing a liquid applied adhesive, toseal building openings such as panel joints, metal flashingjoints or other joints in place of conventional liquid appliedsealants. In actual use, failure of an applied seal in an activejoint is u
14、sually manifested by cohesive failure of the seal;adhesive failure between the adhesive and the substrate;1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on BuildingSeals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.30 onAdhesion.Current edition approved May 1,
15、 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approvedin 2002. Last previous approved in 2002 as edition C 152302a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan
16、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.adhesive failure between the adhesive and the seal; cohesivefailure of the substrate or tear propagation parallel to the jointlength.5.2 T
17、his test method can be used for testing the adhesion ofthe adhesive to the substrate and to the seal, tensile load atvarious strains and tear resistance at various strains after thespecimens are exposed to wet, cold, hot and artificial weath-ering conditionings. All or some of these properties areex
18、perienced on actual job sites.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, capable of producing a tensileload on the specimen at a rate of 50 6 5 mm (2.0 6 0.20in.)/min., and with a recording chart to show load strain values(tensile modulus).6.1.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentially station
19、arymember carrying one grip.6.1.2 Movable MemberA movable member carrying onegrip.6.1.3 GripsThe grips should be suitable to firmly graspthe test fixture that holds the test specimen.6.1.4 Grip FixtureA fixture capable of being held by thegrips and furnishing a tensile force to the sealant specimen.
20、6.2 Spatulas, for use in applying the adhesive.6.3 Caulking Gun, for extruding adhesive from cartridges.6.4 Primer, if applicable.6.5 Adhesive.6.6 Seal.6.7 SpacerPieces of rigid material that help to maintain ajoint opening of 12 mm (0.5 in.) while preparing the testspecimen.6.8 Substrates2 substrat
21、e samples are required for eachtest specimen. The substrate sample size shall be determinedby the size of the test machine grips, yet they must be of a sizeto allow the application of a 50 6 5mm(26 0.2 in.) long seal.6.9 Freezer, 18 6 2C (0 6 3.6F).6.10 Oven,706 2C (158 6 3.6F).6.11 Apparatus, in ac
22、cordance with Practice G 151 andG 154, or G 155 and C 1442.6.12 Stencil Knife, or similar instrument (5 mm cuttingwidth).7. Test Specimen7.1 The standard joint configuration used in this test methodshall be the bridge joint application as shown in Fig. 1.FIG. 1 Standard Substrate Test Specimen Assem
23、bliesFIG. 2 Beveled Bridge Joint ConfigurationFIG. 3 U-joint ConfigurationFIG. 4 Test Specimen Showing 5 mm Cut in the Middle of theSeal for Tear Propagation TestingC1523042NOTE 1Other joint configurations such as beveled bridge joint appli-cation and/or U-joint application in place or in addition t
24、o the standardjoint configuration may be specified for the test with the seal sample.While the beveled bridge joint application (Fig. 2) is similar in functionand the calculation of test values to the standard joint configuration,different considerations have to be taken into account with the U-join
25、tapplication (Fig. 3): (1) The actual joint opening of 12 mm (0.5 in.) willbe reduced by the thickness of the seal and the adhesive, and (2) The sizeof the unbonded loop of the seal determines to a great extend the flexibilityand expandability of the seal (Fig. 3).7.2 Two substrate samples are requi
26、red for each test speci-men assembly as shown in Fig. 1.7.2.1 Initial Joint Opening (Width)Standard opening(width) for this test is 12 mm (0.5 in.).NOTE 2Joint openings other than the standard width may be specifiedfor the test with the seal sample.7.2.2 Length of Applied SealStandard length for thi
27、s testis 50 mm (2 in.).7.3 The standard substrate used in this test method shall beportland cement mortar.NOTE 3Other substrates such as EIFS, brick, wood, aluminum,plastic, metal or other in place or in addition to the standard substrate maybe specified for the test with the seal sample. Any substr
28、ate other than thestandard substrate has to be sized to fit the testing equipment.7.3.1 Mortar BlockPrepare mortar blocks according toSection 7 of Guide C 1375.7.4 Preparation of Test SpecimenCondition substrates,adhesive, (and primer if needed) and seal for at least 24 h atstandard conditions. Prim
29、e the substrate surface if required.Apply the adhesive at a specified thickness and width accord-ing to the manufacturers suggestion on the surface of thesubstrate, next to the joint opening and apply the seal into thewet adhesive according to the manufacturers suggestion whilemaintaining a joint op
30、ening of 12 mm (0.5 in.) as shown in Fig.1.NOTE 4Care must be taken to bring the adhesive neatly to the edge ofthe test block and extra adhesive should be cleaned of the bridging sectionof the seal.NOTE 5Three test specimen assemblies per condition should beprepared for each substrate and each desir
31、ed test(s) (Modulus/Adhesion orTear, or both). It may be beneficial to prepare three extra specimenassemblies in the event one or more samples are unusable.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition (cure or set up time for adhesive) specimensfor 21 days (or for a shorter time if indicated by the manufac-turer) a
32、t standard conditions of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and50 6 5 % relative humidity.8.2 Following completion of the cure or set up of theadhesive as outlined in 8.1, test specimen samples after thefollowing separate conditionings:8.2.1 Dry/Room TemperatureTest samples at 23 6 2C(73.4 6 3.6F).8.2.2 Water Im
33、mersionCompletely immerse test speci-mens in distilled or deionized water for 24 h or any multiple of24hat236 2C (73.4 6 3.6F). Remove specimens one at atime. Start testing each specimen immediately (within onehour) after removal from water.8.2.3 FrozenCondition specimens in a 18 6 2C (0 63.6F) free
34、zer for 24 h or any multiple of 24 h. Removespecimens one at a time. Start testing each specimen immedi-ately (start test within 3 min) after removal from the freezer.NOTE 6Temperatures lower than noted in 8.2.3 may be specified forthe test with the Seal sample.Tear propagates perpendicular to the l
35、ength of the joint as shown above, left; or at any angle leading to the joint wall as shown above, right. In each case tear stopsat the joint wall with an intact unbroken joint length on both sides of at least 12.5 mm.FIG. 5 Partial TearTear propagates parallel to the joint wall and opens one side o
36、r both sides.FIG. 6 TearC15230438.2.4 HeatCondition specimens in a 70 6 2C (158 63.6F) oven for 24 h or any multiple of 24 h. Removespecimens one at a time. Start testing each specimen immedi-ately (start test within 3 min) after removal from the oven.NOTE 7Temperatures higher than noted in 8.2.4 ma
37、y be specified forthe test with the Seal sample.8.2.5 Artificial WeatheringUse apparatus that conforms tothe requirements defined in Practice C 1442 unless otherwiseagreed on or specified. Because of differences in test condi-tions, test results may differ with the type of device used.Consult Practi
38、ces G 154 and G 155 for differences in thespectral power distributions of the exposure sources andPractice C 1442 for the differences in test parameters in the twotypes of apparatus specified. The test cycles have been used byhistorical convention and may not adequately simulate theeffects of outdoo
39、r exposure of sealants. Other cycles can beused by mutual agreement of all concerned parties.8.2.5.1 Fluorescent UV/Condensation ApparatusOperatethe device in accordance with the procedure in C 1442, Section7.3.8.2.5.2 Xenon Arc Light ApparatusOperate the device inaccordance with the procedure in C
40、1442, Section 7.2.8.2.5.3 Position the specimens with the sealant facing thelight source at the specified distance from the source. Speci-mens should be confined to an exposure area in which theirradiance is at least 90 % of the irradiance at the center of theexposure area. Unless it is known that i
41、rradiance uniformitymeets this requirement, use one of the procedures described inPractice G 151, Section 5.1.4 to ensure equal radiant exposureon all specimens or compensation for differences within theexposure chamber. If the specimens do not completely fill theracks, fill the empty spaces with bl
42、ank metal panels to maintainthe test conditions within the chamber.NOTE 8Refer to Practice G 151 for full cautionary guidance regardinglaboratory weathering of nonmetallic materials.8.2.5.4 The minimum exposure in the artificial weatheringmachine is 2500 h and additional exposure is in 500 hincremen
43、ts. The exposure duration shall be sufficient to pro-duce a statistically significant change of the property evaluatedin a material known to give poor performance when used in theapplication of interest. After exposure, remove specimens oneat a time and start testing each specimen immediately (withi
44、none hour).NOTE 9Note in test report artificial weathering apparatus used, theirradiance level and actual time (in hours) the specimens were weathered.9. Testing Procedure9.1 For Movement, Cohesion and Adhesion (Bond-LineForce) TestingMeasure and record the actual initial jointopening and length of
45、applied seal prior to loading of testspecimen into equipment. Secure specimen in the grips of thetensile testing machine and extend at a rate of 50 6 5mm(26 0.2 in.)/min to a preset elongation of X %, of the initial jointopening. Where X is 12.5 % or a multiple of 12.5 % and holdfor 1 h and or addit
46、ional 1 h segments. Record the initial tensileload and the tensile load after the holding time at the maximumset elongation. After extension, relax the sample, inspect thetested specimen and measure/record the largest depth of loss ofadhesion or cohesion of adhesive or seal, or both, if eitheroccurs
47、.NOTE 10When inspecting for loss of adhesion or cohesion of adhe-sive or seal, or both, this is most easily done by folding back the testassembly to expose the bond line. Failures should be measured to thenearest half millimeter.9.2 After the inspection of the test specimen secure the sameassembly i
48、n the grips of the tensile testing machine and extendat a rate of 50 6 5mm(26 0.2 in.)/min until the seal breaks(seal ruptures or 100 % cohesive or adhesive failure of adhe-sive). Record elongation and load (at peak load).9.3 Other coincidence points may be recorded as desired.9.4 For Tear Propagati
49、on TestingFollow the same proce-dure as described in 9.1. Before starting test, makea5mmcutin the middle of the seal parallel to the joint wall with a stencilknife or similar instrument (see Fig. 4). Record kind of tear ifany (optional document with camera or a sketch and include inreport): NT: No Tear; PT: Partial Tear (Fig. 5); T: Tear (Fig. 6).9.5 Record any type of failure other than those listed.10. Report10.1 The report shall include the following information foreach sample tested:10.1.1 Seal identification.10.1.2 Adhesive identifica
