1、Designation: C1523 10Standard Test Method forDetermining Modulus, Tear and Adhesion Properties ofPrecured Elastomeric Joint Sealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1523; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a laboratory procedure formeasuring modulus, tear, joint movement abil
3、ity and adhesionproperties of applied, Precured Elastomeric Joint Sealants,hereinafter referred to as “applied seal” and if not applied,hereinafter referred to as “seal,” on portland cement mortar asa standard substrate and or other substrates. It tests theseproperties after dry, wet, frozen, heat a
4、ged or artificiallyweather-aged conditionings, or both.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
5、 theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is notaware of any similar standard published by another committeeor or
6、ganization.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC1375 Guide for Substrates Used in Testing Building Sealsand SealantsC1442 Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants UsingArtificial Weathering ApparatusD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberG113 Termi
7、nology Relating to Natural andArtificialWeath-ering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG155 Practic
8、e for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology C717 for definitionsof the following terms used in this test method: adhesivefailure, cohesive failure, primer, modulus, and to TerminologyD1566 for tear and to Terminology
9、G113 for definitions relatedto artificial weathering.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Model joints are prepared, the seal is adhered to thesubstrate utilizing an adhesive sealant specified by the manu-facturer, hereinafter referred to as adhesive, then exposed to avariety of conditionings such as heat,
10、cold, artificial weatheringor water immersion.Aspecific set of specimens can go througheach conditioning or separate specimens can be used for eachconditioning. After exposure the test specimens are subjectedto an elongation (strain) and held at this elongation for as longas is desired. The elongati
11、on (joint expansion) is performedwith a tensometer to obtain tensile-forces during the pull. Oneaspect of the test has the applied seal cut in the middle of thejoint and then elongated and the degree of tear propagationnoted. After the initial strain the samples can be subjected tocycles of repeated
12、 strain. The samples can also be tested todestruction. The movement test and tear test can be done onseparate sets of test specimens or done sequentially with thesame test specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 Seals are manufactured in flat extruded shapes and areprimarily used to span joint openings.
13、 The seal is adhered toconstruction substrates utilizing a liquid applied adhesive, toseal building openings such as panel joints, metal flashingjoints or other joints in place of conventional liquid appliedsealants. In actual use, failure of an applied seal in an activejoint is usually manifested b
14、y cohesive failure of the seal;1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C24 on BuildingSeals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.30 onAdhesion.Current edition approved March 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous app
15、roved in 2004 as C152304. DOI: 10.1520/C1523-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright AS
16、TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.adhesive failure between the adhesive and the substrate;adhesive failure between the adhesive and the seal; cohesivefailure of the substrate or tear propagation parallel to the jointlength.5.2 This
17、test method can be used for testing the adhesion ofthe adhesive to the substrate and to the seal, tensile load atvarious strains and tear resistance at various strains after thespecimens are exposed to wet, cold, hot and artificial weath-ering conditionings. All or some of these properties areexperi
18、enced on actual job sites.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, capable of producing a tensileload on the specimen at a rate of 50 6 5 mm (2.0 6 0.20in.)/min., and with a recording chart to show load strain values(tensile modulus).6.1.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentially stationarym
19、ember carrying one grip.6.1.2 Movable MemberA movable member carrying onegrip.6.1.3 GripsThe grips should be suitable to firmly graspthe test fixture that holds the test specimen.6.1.4 Grip FixtureA fixture capable of being held by thegrips and furnishing a tensile force to the sealant specimen.6.2
20、Spatulas, for use in applying the adhesive.6.3 Caulking Gun, for extruding adhesive from cartridges.6.4 Primer, if applicable.6.5 Adhesive.6.6 Seal.6.7 SpacerPieces of rigid material that help to maintain ajoint opening of 12 mm (0.5 in.) while preparing the testspecimen.6.8 Substrates2 substrate sa
21、mples are required for eachtest specimen. The substrate sample size shall be determinedby the size of the test machine grips, yet they must be of a sizeto allow the application of a 50 6 5mm(26 0.2 in.) long seal.6.9 Freezer, 18 6 2C (0 6 3.6F).6.10 Oven,706 2C (158 6 3.6F).6.11 Apparatus, in accord
22、ance with Practice G151 andG154,orG155 and C1442.6.12 Stencil Knife, or similar instrument (5 mm cuttingwidth).7. Test Specimen7.1 The standard joint configuration used in this test methodshall be the bridge joint application as shown in Fig. 1.FIG. 1 Standard Substrate Test Specimen AssembliesFIG.
23、2 Beveled Bridge Joint ConfigurationFIG. 3 U-joint ConfigurationFIG. 4 Test Specimen Showing 5 mm Cut in the Middle of theSeal for Tear Propagation TestingC1523 102NOTE 1Other joint configurations such as beveled bridge joint appli-cation and/or U-joint application in place or in addition to the sta
24、ndardjoint configuration may be specified for the test with the seal sample.While the beveled bridge joint application (Fig. 2) is similar in functionand the calculation of test values to the standard joint configuration,different considerations have to be taken into account with the U-jointapplicat
25、ion (Fig. 3): (1) The actual joint opening of 12 mm (0.5 in.) willbe reduced by the thickness of the seal and the adhesive, and (2) The sizeof the unbonded loop of the seal determines to a great extend the flexibilityand expandability of the seal (Fig. 3).7.2 Two substrate samples are required for e
26、ach test speci-men assembly as shown in Fig. 1.7.2.1 Initial Joint Opening (Width)Standard opening(width) for this test is 12 mm (0.5 in.).NOTE 2Joint openings other than the standard width may be specifiedfor the test with the seal sample.7.2.2 Length of Applied SealStandard length for this testis
27、50 mm (2 in.).7.3 The standard substrate used in this test method shall beportland cement mortar.NOTE 3Other substrates such as EIFS, brick, wood, aluminum,plastic, metal or other in place or in addition to the standard substrate maybe specified for the test with the seal sample. Any substrate other
28、 than thestandard substrate has to be sized to fit the testing equipment.7.3.1 Mortar BlockPrepare mortar blocks according toSection 7 of Guide C1375.7.4 Preparation of Test SpecimenCondition substrates,adhesive, (and primer if needed) and seal for at least 24 h atstandard conditions. Prime the subs
29、trate surface if required.Apply the adhesive at a specified thickness and width accord-ing to the manufacturers suggestion on the surface of thesubstrate, next to the joint opening and apply the seal into thewet adhesive according to the manufacturers suggestion whilemaintaining a joint opening of 1
30、2 mm (0.5 in.) as shown in Fig.1.NOTE 4Care must be taken to bring the adhesive neatly to the edge ofthe test block and extra adhesive should be cleaned of the bridging sectionof the seal.NOTE 5Three test specimen assemblies per condition should beprepared for each substrate and each desired test(s)
31、 (Modulus/Adhesion orTear, or both). It may be beneficial to prepare three extra specimenassemblies in the event one or more samples are unusable.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition (cure or set up time for adhesive) specimensfor 21 days (or for a shorter time if indicated by the manufac-turer) at standard
32、 conditions of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and50 6 5 % relative humidity.8.2 Following completion of the cure or set up of theadhesive as outlined in 8.1, test specimen samples after thefollowing separate conditionings:8.2.1 Dry/Room TemperatureTest samples at 23 6 2C(73.4 6 3.6F).8.2.2 Water ImmersionCom
33、pletely immerse test speci-mens in distilled or deionized water for 24 h or any multiple of24hat236 2C (73.4 6 3.6F). Remove specimens one at atime. Start testing each specimen immediately (within onehour) after removal from water.8.2.3 FrozenCondition specimens in a 18 6 2C (0 63.6F) freezer for 24
34、 h or any multiple of 24 h. Removespecimens one at a time. Start testing each specimen immedi-ately (start test within 3 min) after removal from the freezer.NOTE 6Temperatures lower than noted in 8.2.3 may be specified forthe test with the Seal sample.Tear propagates perpendicular to the length of t
35、he joint as shown above, left; or at any angle leading to the joint wall as shown above, right. In each case tear stopsat the joint wall with an intact unbroken joint length on both sides of at least 12.5 mm.FIG. 5 Partial TearTear propagates parallel to the joint wall and opens one side or both sid
36、es.FIG. 6 TearC1523 1038.2.4 HeatCondition specimens in a 70 6 2C (158 63.6F) oven for 24 h or any multiple of 24 h. Removespecimens one at a time. Start testing each specimen immedi-ately (start test within 3 min) after removal from the oven.NOTE 7Temperatures higher than noted in 8.2.4 may be spec
37、ified forthe test with the Seal sample.8.2.5 Artificial WeatheringUse apparatus that conforms tothe requirements defined in Practice C1442 unless otherwiseagreed on or specified. Because of differences in test condi-tions, test results may differ with the type of device used.Consult Practices G154 a
38、nd G155 for differences in thespectral power distributions of the exposure sources andPractice C1442 for the differences in test parameters in the twotypes of apparatus specified. The test cycles have been used byhistorical convention and may not adequately simulate theeffects of outdoor exposure of
39、 sealants. Other cycles can beused by mutual agreement of all concerned parties.8.2.5.1 Fluorescent UV/Condensation ApparatusOperatethe device in accordance with the procedure in C1442, Section7.3.8.2.5.2 Xenon Arc Light ApparatusOperate the device inaccordance with the procedure in C1442, Section 7
40、.2.8.2.5.3 Position the specimens with the sealant facing thelight source at the specified distance from the source. Speci-mens should be confined to an exposure area in which theirradiance is at least 90 % of the irradiance at the center of theexposure area. Unless it is known that irradiance unifo
41、rmitymeets this requirement, use one of the procedures described inPractice G151, Section 5.1.4 to ensure equal radiant exposureon all specimens or to compensate for differences within theexposure chamber. In devices with rotating specimen racks, fillthe empty spaces with blank metal panels in order
42、 to properlymaintain the test conditions within the exposure chamber.NOTE 8Refer to Practice G151 for full cautionary guidance regardinglaboratory weathering of nonmetallic materials.8.2.5.4 The minimum exposure is 2500 h and additionalexposure is in 500 h increments in the fluorescent UV/condensati
43、on apparatus and in the xenon arc apparatus oper-ated at an irradiance level of 0.51 W/(m2 nm) at 340 nm. Forxenon arc apparatus operated at another irradiance level, seeAnnex A1.2 in C1442 for determination of minimum exposuretime and additional exposure increments to obtain the sameradiant exposur
44、e as at an irradiance of 0.51 W/(m2 nm) at 340nm. The exposure duration shall be sufficient to produce astatistically significant change of the property evaluated in amaterial known to give poor performance when used in theapplication of interest. After exposure, remove specimens oneat a time and st
45、art testing each specimen immediately (withinone hour).NOTE 9Note in test report artificial weathering apparatus used, theirradiance level and actual time (in hours) the specimens were weathered.9. Testing Procedure9.1 For Movement, Cohesion and Adhesion (Bond-LineForce) TestingMeasure and record th
46、e actual initial jointopening and length of applied seal prior to loading of testspecimen into equipment. Secure specimen in the grips of thetensile testing machine and extend at a rate of 50 6 5mm(26 0.2 in.)/min to a preset elongation of X %, of the initial jointopening. Where X is 12.5 % or a mul
47、tiple of 12.5 % and holdfor 1 h and or additional 1 h segments. Record the initial tensileload and the tensile load after the holding time at the maximumset elongation. After extension, relax the sample, inspect thetested specimen and measure/record the largest depth of loss ofadhesion or cohesion o
48、f adhesive or seal, or both, if eitheroccurs.NOTE 10When inspecting for loss of adhesion or cohesion of adhe-sive or seal, or both, this is most easily done by folding back the testassembly to expose the bond line. Failures should be measured to thenearest half millimeter.9.2 After the inspection of
49、 the test specimen secure the sameassembly in the grips of the tensile testing machine and extendat a rate of 50 6 5mm(26 0.2 in.)/min until the seal breaks(seal ruptures or 100 % cohesive or adhesive failure of adhe-sive). Record elongation and load (at peak load).9.3 Other coincidence points may be recorded as desired.9.4 For Tear Propagation TestingFollow the same proce-dure as described in 9.1. Before starting test, makea5mmcutin the middle of the seal parallel to the joint wall with a stencilknife or similar instrument (see Fig.
