1、Designation: C1532/C1532M 12Standard Practice forSelection, Removal, and Shipment of Manufactured MasonryUnits and Masonry Specimens from Existing Construction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1532/C1532M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of orig
2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the process of selection, removal,and shi
3、pment of masonry specimens from existing constructionthat are intended for testing. These specimens can be eitherindividual masonry units or assemblages. Assemblages are aportion of existing masonry, typically consisting of masonryunits, mortar, grout, reinforcing steel, collar joint, and masonryacc
4、essories. The specimens may be taken from single- ormultiple-wythe construction, or portions thereof. This practicealso covers procedures for reporting as part of this process.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ine
5、ach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
6、 theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC1232 Terminology of Masonry
7、E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer toTerminologies C1180 and C1232.4. Significance and Use4.1 Masonry specimens ar
8、e sometimes removed as part ofan assessment of the condition of masonry construction. Suchspecimens are commonly prepared for shipment to a laboratorywhere the specimens are assessed with visual techniques,petrographic techniques, or standard test methods. The processof selecting, removing, and ship
9、ping the specimens can have aneffect on test results. This practice provides procedures forselecting, removing, and shipping masonry specimens re-moved from existing construction.4.2 The selection and removal processes described in thispractice are primarily intended for walls. Selection and re-mova
10、l of masonry specimens from locations other than wallsrequires user judgment in order to obtain appropriate speci-mens.4.3 This practice also covers reporting of the selection,removal, and shipping processes. This information allowsinterested parties to assess the impact of these processes on testre
11、sults.4.4 This practice does not address the use of test resultsconducted on removed masonry specimens. This practice doesnot determine whether the removed masonry materials metoriginal specification requirements.5. Selection and Removal5.1 Selection of Test Samples:5.1.1 Visual AssessmentPrior to s
12、electing specimens forremoval, perform a visual survey of the exposed surface toassess the in-place, undisturbed condition of the masonry walland other related construction.5.1.1.1 Record observations from the visual survey withphotographs or drawings, or both, that represent the appearanceof the ma
13、sonry. Include sample locations identified in 5.2.5.1.1.2 Conduct the visual assessment either over the wholeconstruction or on a representative sample of the whole.Examine locations with different exposures.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufac-tured Masonry Unit
14、s and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.04 onResearch.Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally approvedin 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C153206. DOI: 10.1520/C1532_C1532M-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.ast
15、m.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
16、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 1Locations with different exposures, such as walls exposed torain and walls protected from rain may be used to distinguish differentsegments of construction to be examined.5.1.2 SamplingSelect specimens representative of the en-tire masonry
17、 construction or a portion thereof. Sample by oneor more of the following techniques:NOTE 2When sampling a portion of the entire construction consideraspects such as the orientation of the units (for example, stretcher, header,or soldier); location in the structure (for example, parapet, corbel, orq
18、uoin); or where different masonry units are blended to produce a range ofcolor, architectural effect within the entire construction; and requiredspecimen size to accommodate further testing.5.1.2.1 Random SamplingWithin the entire construction,or in a selected part of the entire construction, select
19、 specimensample locations based on a random sampling process. Desig-nate a numbering system associated with specimen locationsand randomly select numbers, or use a similar random sam-pling method.NOTE 3When specimens are to be removed for testing in accordancewith test methods that include requireme
20、nts for selection and sampling ofsamples, those requirements should be replaced with 5.1 of this practice.NOTE 4Practice E122 provides information on how to calculate thenumber and locations of samples necessary in order to estimate with aprescribed precision, a measure of quality representing all t
21、he samplingarea.5.1.2.2 Location-Specific SamplingSelect specimenssample locations specific to a particular installed location.5.1.2.3 Condition-Specific SamplingSelect specimensample locations specific to a physical condition of themasonry, such as units or mortar visually assessed to bedeteriorate
22、d or units or mortar visually assessed to be undam-aged.NOTE 5Selecting specimens for condition-specific sampling couldinclude considering masonry visually assessed to be deteriorated, ormasonry assessed to be undamaged, for examples.NOTE 6Sampling is useful for identification of differences in maso
23、nryconstruction in different locations or exposures, that is, the differencebetween the masonry on different building elevations, or the differencebetween masonry exposed to environmental or atmospheric conditionsand those not exposed. Under these circumstances, sampling should berepresentative of e
24、ach usage condition. For example, select masonryvisually considered to be in the best physical condition, in the worstphysical condition, and the most representative of the overall physicalcondition.5.2 IdentificationIdentify each specimen on the wall witha permanent marker and photograph before rem
25、oval. Do notmark on more than 10 % of any face of the specimen.Reference the marked specimen to the specific location wherethe specimen was obtained as recorded in 5.1.1.1.5.3 Pre-removal DocumentationPrior to removing speci-mens, thoroughly document the visual condition of the ma-sonry within the p
26、roposed sampling locations. Prepare a sketchof or photograph each sample location. Trace over any crackson the specimens with a felt-tipped marker and document thecracks maximum width(s). Trace along the outer limits of allother areas of distress using a felt tip pen and document theapproximate dept
27、h of the distress at each individual location, ifany.NOTE 7The pre-removal documentation will be used for judging thespecimens pre-removal condition and for comparative purposes todetermine if it is damaged during removal or shipping. Documenting thecondition of cracks and other distress, if any, wi
28、ll be used in judging if theextent and size of existing distress has increased during specimen removalor shipping.NOTE 8Distress is any damage not typically associated with soundmasonry. It may be manifested as spalling, chipping, crazing, stains,efflorescence, or other types of visually assessable
29、defects.5.4 Specimen Removal:5.4.1 Specimen SizeEach specimen shall be sufficient sizeto allow the proposed testing as specified in the test proce-dure(s).5.4.2 Specimen RemovalRemove existing masonry con-struction (units and mortar) at the perimeter of the specimen asnecessary to allow removal of a
30、ccessories (such as ties, jointreinforcement across wythes, and so forth), within the speci-men perimeter, without causing damage to the specimen.Remove adjacent masonry or adjoining construction by saw-cutting or by chiseling, as necessary, to obtain properly sizedspecimens. Do not use electric or
31、hydraulic impact equipmentthat damages the specimen. Remove the specimen from theconstruction and set on stable horizontal surface (such as theground, scaffolding, and so forth), taking care to avoid damageduring removal and transport to the stable surface.NOTE 9While removing the specimens, do not
32、detrimentally affect thestructural or serviceability performance of the remaining masonry andother related construction. Provide adequate shoring and weather protec-tion.NOTE 10Specimens with a nominal thickness of 100 mm 4 in. arenormally removed with a power-driven rotary saw with a diamond-tipped
33、blade having a diameter of 300 to 350 mm 12 to 14 in.NOTE 11One successful way to minimize damage to specimensremoved from existing masonry walls by way of cutting is to first makethe bottom cut and shim it to take up the weight of the specimen, thenmake the top cut, and finally make the two side cu
34、ts. These cuts shouldextend past the specimen corners a distance at least equal to the thicknessof the specimen and extend completely through the specimen at thecorners.5.4.3 Specimen Condition after Removal Move specimento site of preparation for shipping and document the speci-mens condition on al
35、l exposed sides as described in 5.3.NOTE 12The purpose of documenting the specimen condition afterremoval is to judge if the specimen has been damaged during the removalprocess.5.4.4 Assemblage Specimen Confinement Prior to TransportPrior to packing assemblage specimens for shipment, placerigid mate
36、rial cut to the specimens thickness and width plusany additional over-sizing to allow installation of the system ofconfinement, on the top and bottom of the specimen andconfine the specimen without damage during packaging andshipment. Record description of specimen confinement forshipping.NOTE 1319
37、mm 34 in. thick plywood pieces or other equally rigidmaterials have been successfully used for confinement plates.NOTE 14If a specimen is confined with steel banding straps appliedwith banding machines, or nylon or cotton shipping straps tightened witha self-contained ratchet, the specimen may be co
38、mpressed eccentrically,bending the specimen and possibly damaging it. To guard against this,specimens may be gently compressed longitudinally between two confin-ing plates cushioned by a compressible material such as Type I (0.07 MPa10 psi compressive strength at 10 % deformation) expanded polystyre
39、nesheets (EPS). Use one or more threaded rods installed through the platesand tighten to compress the cushioning material so it makes full contactC1532/C1532M 122with the entire specimen surface. If a single rod is used, it should belocated so that the perpendicular distance from the specimens geome
40、triccross-sectional centroid to the center of the rod is within5%ofthespecimens cross-sectional dimension in that direction. The nuts on thethreaded rod(s) should be tightened in a manner that applies uniformcompressive stress and minimizes eccentricity. See Fig. 1 for examples.Other methods of conf
41、inement are acceptable, as long as they imposed theconfinement concentrically without damaging the specimen and maintainthat confinement during shipment of the specimen.5.4.5 Condition of Exposed MasonryDocument the con-dition of the exposed construction in the resultant hole prior topatching, if an
42、y. Note the type, dimensions, and construction ofthe underlying masonry. Use sketches and photographs toassist with documenting the condition.NOTE 15A list of items that should be noted in the underlyingmasonry, but not inclusive of, includes: air space dimensions, insulation,joint reinforcement, co
43、llar joints, and ties.5.5 Shipment:5.5.1 Protect each specimen on all sides with suitablematerial to prevent damage to the specimens during shipment.NOTE 16Past experience has shown wrapping the specimens in a 25mm 1-in. thick layer of packaging foam, shipping pellets, sheet foam, orbubble wrap prio
44、r to shipping has provided adequate protection ofspecimens during shipment.5.5.2 Completely encase one or more specimens and pack-aging material in crates suitable to protect the specimensduring shipment. Completely fill all space within the crate toprevent movement of the specimens within the crate
45、. Clearlymark the crates, “Handle With Care.”NOTE 17Successful past shipping of specimens has been accom-plished in crates constructed of plywood thicker than 16 mm 58 in.5.5.3 Document the condition of the specimens after receiptat their final destination as described in 5.4.3.6. Report6.1 Report t
46、he following information about the selection,identification, removal, and shipment of the specimens.6.1.1 Results of the visual assessment (see 5.1.1). Includesurvey sheets or photographs, or both, indicating the locationwhere the specimens were removed.6.1.2 Sampling technique (see 5.1.2).6.1.3 Con
47、dition of each specimen, prior to removal, afterremoval, and after shipping (See 5.3, 5.4.3, and 5.5.3) Includesketches and photographs of the specimens generated duringthese steps.6.1.4 Method of specimen removal (see 5.4.2).6.1.5 Method of specimen confinement, if applicable (see5.4.4).6.1.6 Condi
48、tion of the underlying masonry (See 5.4.5).6.1.7 Method of shipment (see 5.5).6.1.8 Specimen identification (see 5.2). This shall be usedfor cross-reference in the report as well as for cross-referencewith subsequent test reports.7. Keywords7.1 masonry; masonry specimen removed from usage;masonry un
49、its; removal; sampling; selection process; shipmentFIG. 1 Confinement ExamplesC1532/C1532M 123SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of the following changes to this standard since the last issue(C1532 06) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2012.)(1) Changes were incorporated into 1.2 and throughout thestandard to permit the application of this Practice using eitherSI or inch-pound units.(2) References to withdrawn Terminology C43 and Terminol-ogy C1209 have been removed from 2.1 and
