1、Designation: C1572/C1572M 18Standard Guide forDry Lead Glass and Oil-Filled Lead Glass RadiationShielding Window Components for Remotely OperatedFacilities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1572/C1572M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 Intent:1.1.1 The intent of this standard is to provide guidance for
3、the design, fabrication, quality assurance, inspection, testing,packaging, shipping, installation, and maintenance of radiationshielding window components. These window componentsinclude wall liner embedments, dry lead glass radiation shield-ing window assemblies, oil-filled lead glass radiation shi
4、eldingwindow assemblies, shielding wall plugs, barrier shields, viewports, and the installation/extraction table/device required forthe installation and removal of the window components.1.2 Applicability:1.2.1 This standard is intended for those persons who aretasked with the planning, design, procu
5、rement, fabrication,installation, and operation of the radiation shielding windowcomponents that may be used in the operation of hot cells, highlevel caves, mini-cells, canyon facilities, and very high levelradiation areas.1.2.2 This standard applies to radiation shielding windowassemblies used in n
6、ormal concrete walls, high-density con-crete walls, steel walls and lead walls.1.2.3 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the othe
7、r. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in nonconformance with thestandard. Common nomenclature for specifying some terms;specifically shielding, uses a combination of metric units andinch-pound units.1.2.4 This standard identifies the special information re-quired by the Manufacturer for
8、 the design of window compo-nents. Table A1.1 shows a sample list of the radiation sourcespectra and geometry information, typically required forshielding analysis. Table A2.1 shows a detailed sample list ofspecific data typically required to determine the physical size,glass types, and viewing char
9、acteristics of the shieldingwindow, or view port. Annex A3 shows general windowconfiguration sketches. Blank copies of Table A1.2 and TableA2.1 are found in the respective Annexes for the OwnerOp-erators use.1.2.5 This standard is intended to be generic and to apply toa wide range of configurations
10、and types of lead glass radiationshielding window components used in hot cells. It does notaddress glovebox, water, X-ray glass, or zinc bromide win-dows.1.2.6 Supplementary information on viewing systems in hotcells may be found in Guides C1533 and C1661.1.3 Caveats:1.3.1 Consideration shall be giv
11、en when preparing theshielding window designs for the safety related issues dis-cussed in the Hazard Sources and Failure Modes, Section 11;such as dielectric discharge, over-pressurization, radiationexposure, contamination, and overturning of the installation/extraction table/device.1.3.2 In many ca
12、ses, the use of the word “shall” has beenpurposely used in lieu of “should” to stress the importance ofthe statements that have been made in this standard.1.3.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user o
13、f this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in th
14、e Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Industry and National Consensus StandardsNationally recognized industry and consensus stand
15、ards whichmay be applicable in whole or in part to the design, fabrication,quality assurance, inspection, testing, packaging, shipping,1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear FuelCycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.14 on Remote Systems.Current ed
16、ition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1572/C1572M 17. DOI:10.1520/C1572_C1572M-18.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international sta
17、ndard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1inst
18、allation and maintenance of radiation shielding windowcomponents are referenced throughout this standard and in-clude the following:2.2 ASTM Standards:2A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, forGeneral ApplicationA36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA48/A48M Specification fo
19、r Gray Iron CastingsA240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for PressureVessels and for General ApplicationsA747/A747M Specification for Steel Castings, Stainless,Precipitation HardeningC859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsC1533 Guid
20、e for General Design Considerations for HotCell EquipmentC1661 Guide for Viewing Systems for Remotely OperatedFacilitiesD1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids byCoulometric Karl Fischer TitrationE165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination forGeneral IndustryE170 Terminology Relat
21、ing to Radiation Measurements andDosimetryE2024 Test Methods for Atmospheric Leaks Using a Ther-mal Conductivity Leak DetectorASTM/IEEE SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units2.3 American Concrete Institute (ACI) Standards:3ACI C-31 Seismic Requirements2.4 American Institute of St
22、eel Construction (AISC) Stan-dard:4Manual of Steel Construction2.5 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Stan-dards:5ANSI Y 14 Engineering Drawing and Related Documenta-tion PracticesANSI/ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Requirements forNuclear Facility ApplicationsANSI/AWS A2.4 Standard Symbols
23、for Welding, Brazingand Nondestructive ExaminationANSI/AWS B2.1 Specification for Welding Procedure andPerformance QualificationANSI/AWS D1.1/D1.1M Structural Welding CodeSteelANSI/AWS D1.6/D1.6M Structural Welding CodeStainless SteelANSI/ISO/ASQ 9001 Quality Management Standard Re-quirements2.6 Ame
24、rican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT)Standards:6ASNT-SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Qualifica-tion and Certification of Nondestructive Testing2.7 Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC):7SSPC-SP1 Solvent CleaningSSPC-SP5 White Metal Blast CleaningSSPC-PA1 Shop, Field, and Maintenance
25、Painting of Steel2.8 Federal Standards (FS):8QQ-C-40 Caulking, Lead Wool, and F7 Lead Pig2.9 Federal Regulations (FR):810 CFR20.1003 Definitions10 CFR50, Appendix B Quality Assurance Criteria forNuclear Power Plants and Fuel Reprocessing Plants10 CFR830.120 Subpart A Nuclear Safety Management,Qualit
26、y Assurance Requirements2.10 International Building Code (IBC):8IBC Section 2314 Earthquake Regulations2.11 Other Standards:NCRP Report No. 82 SI Units in Radiation Protection andMeasurements9ICRU Report 10b Physical Aspects of Irradiation103. Terminology3.1 General Considerations:3.1.1 The terminol
27、ogy employed in this guide conformswith industry practice insofar as practicable.3.1.2 For definitions of general terms used to describenuclear materials, hot cells, and hot cell equipment, refer toTerminology C859.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 air dryer cartridge, na cloth bag containingmoisture-absorbent
28、crystals.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe bag is inserted into the dryer as-sembly. The crystals are used to absorb moisture from thecontained environment.3.2.2 anti-reflection treatment, na process applied to thesurface of the glass that reduces reflection and increases thelight transmission through the glass
29、.3.2.2.1 DiscussionIt is often called a low-reflection treat-ment.3.2.3 as-built drawings, na set of drawings that reflect allof the changes that were incorporated into the componentsduring the manufacturing process since the original design.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, ww
30、w.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org
31、.4Available from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), One E.Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601-2001, http:/www.aisc.org.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Available fromAmerican Society for
32、 NondestructiveTesting (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.7Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.8Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of
33、 Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.9Available from National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements,7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814-3095.10Available from International Commission on Radiation Units andMeasure
34、ments, Inc., 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814-3095.C1572/C1572M 1823.2.4 barrier shield assembly, nconsists of steel frames,gaskets, and a glass plate; typically cerium-stabilized, as-sembled together to form a see through barrier.3.2.4.1 DiscussionThe assembly is mechanically fas
35、tenedto the hot side of the wall liner to provide a gas tightcontainment barrier, which protects the window assembly fromany radioactive contamination within the hot cell (alphaparticles and other contaminates).3.2.5 barrier shield glass, na glass plate; typically ceriumstabilized that is used as a
36、cover glass to see through and isolatethe window assembly from contamination.3.2.5.1 DiscussionIt is normally mounted in a barriershield frame with gaskets to make up a barrier shield assembly.3.2.6 bellows, na flexible enclosure generally made of apliable gasket material, which expands and contract
37、s with thetemperature change of the inert gas and other components,maintaining a controlled atmosphere within the window assem-bly.3.2.6.1 DiscussionWhen employed, the bellows is gener-ally connected to the top of the expansion tank on an oil-filledwindow, and directly above the air dryer on the win
38、dowhousing of a dry window. The material of selection must becompatible with the environment, and with the window com-ponents.3.2.7 browning, nthe discoloration and darkening of glassto a brownish color due to excessive radiation exposure.3.2.8 bubbler system, na device used as a pressure relief,and
39、 constructed of an outer open top container or chamber thatis filled with a liquid.3.2.8.1 DiscussionIt has a separate pressurized tube in-serted into the liquid. When over-pressurization occurs in thetube, the gas bubbles out the bottom of the tube and up to thesurface through the liquid.3.2.9 buff
40、er seal, na specially configured seal gasket usedon a barrier shield.3.2.10 build-up factor, nfor radiation passing through amedium, buildup factor is the ratio of the total value of aspecific radiation quantity (direct and scattered) measured asabsorbed dose at any point within that medium to the c
41、ontri-bution to that quantity from the incident uncollided radiationreaching that point.3.2.10.1 DiscussionThe build-up factor increases withincreased shielding thickness and is higher for low atomicnumber materials.3.2.11 cave, nin the nuclear hot cell applications, typi-cally a small-scale hot cel
42、l facility.3.2.11.1 DiscussionThis term is sometimes used synony-mously with hot cell.3.2.12 central viewing area, L2, nthe central viewingarea of a glass slab or glass plate is that viewing area, circularor elliptical, of which the diameter of axis is 80 % of themaximum usable viewing window dimens
43、ions.3.2.13 cerium-stabilized glass, na glass type that containsa small percentage of cerium oxide to help stabilize the glassfrom discoloration due to radiation exposure.3.2.13.1 DiscussionIt is often called non-browning glass.3.2.14 CMTR, nthe abbreviation for a Certified MaterialTest Report, whic
44、h is a document that certifies the results oftests and analyses performed on the item provided.3.2.15 checks, nvery small fractures, or breakouts, nor-mally around the edge of a glass plate or glass slab.3.2.16 chip, na fragment broken from an edge or surface.3.2.17 clear view, L2, nthe physical siz
45、e (length width) of the smallest glass slab of all the glass components ina shielding window assembly.3.2.17.1 DiscussionThe actual clear view may be reducedby the method of retention of the glass in the window.3.2.18 cold side, nthe surface on a radiation shieldingwindow that is farthest from the r
46、adioactive source, and usuallyis not subject to contamination.3.2.19 cold side load, na cold side load window assemblyis an assembly that is inserted into a wall liner or removed froma wall liner from the operator (cold side) of the hot cell.3.2.20 cover glass (hot or cold side), na glass plateposit
47、ioned on the hot or cold side of the window.3.2.20.1 DiscussionThe cover glass is often held in placewith a trim frame assembly and seal gaskets. This assemblyachieves a seal, which isolates the inner glass slabs from theexternal atmosphere and may also hold or contain the mineraloil within the wind
48、ow assembly.3.2.21 density inch, na term used to describe the specificgravity of a shielding material multiplied by the thickness ofthat material in inches. The units are g/cc (in.).3.2.22 desiccant air dryer, na device filled with crystalsand is used to remove moisture from a contained environment.
49、3.2.23 dielectric discharge, nan instantaneous flow ofelectrical current from an irradiated glass component to theground, causing severe damage to the glass, usually in the formof a dendritic fracture (Lichtenberg Figure) or heavy cleavage.3.2.24 dose rate, L2T3, na quantity of absorbed dosereceived in a given unit of time.3.2.25 dry lead glass window, na radiation shieldingwindow that is filled with slabs of lead glass with polishedglass surfaces.3.2.25.1 DiscussionThe assembly may be continuouslypurged with an inert gas. The
