1、Designation: C 1583 04Standard Test Method forTensile Strength of Concrete Surfaces and the BondStrength or Tensile Strength of Concrete Repair and OverlayMaterials by Direct Tension (Pull-off Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1583; the number immediately following the de
2、signation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is suitabl
3、e for both field and laboratoryuse to determine one or more of the following:1.1.1 The near-surface tensile strength of the substrate as anindicator of the adequacy of surface preparation before appli-cation of a repair or overlay material.1.1.2 The bond strength of a repair or an overlay material t
4、othe substrate.1.1.3 The tensile strength of a repair or overlay material, oran adhesive used in repairs, after the material has been appliedto a surface.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be
5、exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
6、the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and AggregatesC 881/C 881M Specification for Epoxy-Resin Base Bond
7、-ing Systems for ConcreteC 900 Test Method for Pullout Strength of Hardened Con-crete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod refer to Terminology C 125 and ACI 503R3.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test is performed on the surface of a preparedconcrete base be
8、fore application of a concrete repair or overlaymaterial, or on the surface of a concrete repair or overlaymaterial after the material has been applied to the preparedconcrete surface.4.2 The test specimen is formed by drilling a shallow coreinto and perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, an
9、dleaving the intact core attached to the concrete. A steel disk isbonded to the top surface of the test specimen.4.3 A tensile load is applied to the steel disk until failureoccurs. The failure load and the failure mode are recorded andthe nominal tensile stress at failure is calculated.5. Significa
10、nce and Use5.1 This test method determines the tensile strength ofconcrete near to the prepared surface, which can be used as anindicator of the adequacy of surface preparation before apply-ing a repair or an overlay material.5.2 When the test is performed on the surface of a repair oran overlay mat
11、erial, it determines the bond strength to thesubstrate or the tensile strength of either the overlay orsubstrate, whichever is weaker.5.3 The method may also be used to evaluate the adhesivestrength of bonding agents.5.4 When the test is performed on the surface of a materialapplied to the substrate
12、, the measured strength is controlled bythe failure mechanism requiring the least stress. Thus it is notpossible to know beforehand which strength will be measuredby the test. For this reason, the failure mode has to be reportedfor each individual test result, and tests results are averagedonly if t
13、he same failure mode occurs.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.25 on Organic Materials for Bonding, Patching and Sealing Concrete.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2004. Published Mar
14、ch 2004.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3ACI 503R-93 (Reapproved 1998), “Use of Epoxy Compoun
15、ds with Concrete,”American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus6.1 Core Drill, for preparing test specimen.6.2 Core Barrel, with diamond impr
16、egnated bits - nominally50 mm 2.0 in. inside diameter.6.3 Steel Disk, nominally 50 mm 2.0 in. diameter and atleast 25 mm 1.0 in. thick.6.4 Tensile Loading Device, with a load-indicating systemand nominal capacity of 22 k N (5,000 lbf) and capable ofapplying load at the specified rate. The loading de
17、vice includesa tripod or bearing ring for distributing the force to thesupporting surface.6.4.1 Within the operating range, the indicated tensile forceshall be within 6 2 % of the force measured by a calibratedtesting machine or load cell. Verify the tensile loading deviceat least once a year and af
18、ter repairs and adjustments.NOTE 1See Test Method C 900 for suitable verification schemes.6.4.2 A coupling device shall be used to connect the steeldisk to the tensile loading device. The coupling device shall bedesigned to withstand the tensile load capacity without yield-ing, and to transmit the t
19、ensile force parallel to and in line withthe axis of the cylindrical test specimen without impartingtorsion or bending to the test specimen.7. Materials7.1 Epoxy adhesive material for bonding the steel disk tothe test specimen. It shall be a fast-curing paste or gel meetingthe requirements of Specif
20、ication C 881/C 881M for Type IV,Grade 3, except that a shorter gel time is permitted.8. Sampling8.1 Three individual test results with similar failure modesshall be obtained for each test site.8.2 The field test site shall be large enough so that allmethods to be used in the full-scale repair or ov
21、erlay operation,including surface preparation, are used for preparing testspecimens. The test site shall be at least 1 by1m3by3ft.It shall be selected to be representative of actual field condi-tions.8.3 If concrete cover is less than 20 mm 34 in., do notlocate test specimens directly over bars in t
22、he layer ofreinforcement nearest to the surface.NOTE 2The location of reinforcement may be established usingreinforcement locators or metal detectors. Follow the manufacturersrecommendations for proper operation of such devices.8.4 The center-to-center distance of adjacent test specimensshall be at
23、least two disk diameters. The distance from thecenter of a test specimen and a free edge of the test object shallbe at least one disk diameter.9. Preparation of Surface9.1 Preparation to Determine Tensile Strength of Substrate:9.1.1 Remove all surface contaminants and loose or dete-riorated concrete
24、 to obtain a clean, undamaged surface.9.1.2 Prepare the surface using the same method to be usedin the full-scale repair or overlay.9.1.3 The surface must be in the same condition regardingdryness and cleanliness as specified for the actual work.9.2 Preparation to Determine Bond or Tensile Strength
25、ofthe Repair or Overlay Material:9.2.1 Prepare the surface in accordance with 9.1.9.2.2 Apply and cure the repair or overlay material inaccordance with specifications for the repair or overlay opera-tion.10. Preparation of Test Specimen10.1 Using the coring equipment, drill a circular cut per-pendic
26、ular to the surface. For tests of substrate concrete, drillto a depth of at least 10 mm 0.5 in. For tests of repair oroverlay materials, drill to at least 10 mm 0.5 in. below theconcrete-overlay interface. The test specimen is left intact,attached to the substrate. Measure the diameter of the testsp
27、ecimen in two directions at right angles to each other. Recordthe average diameter to the nearest 0.2 mm 0.01 in.10.2 Remove any standing water; clean the surface of anydebris from the drilling operation and allow to dry.10.3 Attach the steel disk to the top of the test specimenusing the epoxy adhes
28、ive. Ensure that the disk is centered withthe test specimen and that the axis of the disk is parallel to theaxis of the test specimen. Cure the epoxy adhesive followingmanufacturers instructions (see Note 4). Do not allow theadhesive to run down the side of the test specimen into theannular cut; if
29、this occurs, the specimen is not tested andanother is prepared. At temperatures below 20C 70F, it ispermitted to gently heat the steel disk to no more than 50C120F to facilitate spreading of the adhesive and to acceleratecuring. The test specimen shall not be heated with a directflame.NOTE 3Figs. 1
30、and 2 are schematics of the tests for determiningtensile strength of the substrate and bond or tensile strength of the repairor overlay material, respectively. These schematics are not intended toindicate specific equipment designs.NOTE 4Guidance on applying and curing the epoxy adhesive may befound
31、 in ACI 503R.11. Test Procedure11.1 Attach the tensile loading device to the steel disk usingthe coupling device.11.2 Apply the tensile load to the test specimen so that theforce is parallel to and coincident with the axis of thespecimen.11.3 Apply the tensile load at a constant rate so that thetens
32、ile stress increases at a rate of 35 6 15 kPa/s 5 6 2 psi/s.11.4 Record the failure load and the failure mode. Recordthe failure mode as (a) in the substrate, (b) at the bond linebetween the substrate and the repair or overlay material, (c) inthe repair or overlay material, or (d) at the bond line b
33、etweenthe repair or overlay material and the epoxy adhesive used tobond the steel disk. If failure occurs at the bond line betweenthe steel disk and the epoxy adhesive, discard the test result andperform another test. Refer to Fig. 3 for schematics of thedifferent failure modes.11.5 Report results a
34、s bond strength when failure occurs inthe bond line between the substrate and the repair or overlaymaterial. Report results as tensile strength when the failureoccurs in the substrate or the repair or overlay material.C1583042Calculate the bond strength or tensile strength by dividing thetensile loa
35、d at failure by the area of the test specimen:Bond or Tensile Strength MPa psi!5 (1)Tensile load N lbf!Area of test specimen mm2in.2#!11.6 Record the individual strengths to the nearest 0.01 MPa1 psi.11.7 Record ambient weather conditions and surface tem-peratures during testing.12. Report12.1 The t
36、est report shall contain the following:12.1.1 Purpose of the test:12.1.1.1 To assess the substrate before application of repairor overlay material with regards to the adequacy of surfacepreparation and the strength of the near-surface region of thesubstrate;12.1.1.2 To determine the controlling fail
37、ure mode andcorresponding strength when a repair or an overlay material isbonded to the substrate; or12.1.1.3 To determine the controlling failure mode andcorresponding strength when an adhesive is bonded to thesubstrate.12.1.2 Identification of all materials used in the test,12.1.3 Test conditionsl
38、ocation of test, weather conditions,and surface temperatures, and12.1.4 The failure mode and the tensile or bond strength foreach individual test reported to the nearest 0.01 MPa 1 psi.13. Precision and Bias13.1 PrecisionAn interlaboratory testing program to de-termine the precision of this test met
39、hod has not yet beencarried out. There are, however, published data4to provide anestimate of within-test repeatability. The referenced studyinvolved pull-off tests of repair materials applied to concretesubstrates. Three replicate tests were conducted for eachcondition, and the mean pull-off strengt
40、h ranged from 0.41 to3.44 MPa 60 to 500 psi. Two instruments were used with diskdiameters of 75 mm 3 in. and 50 mm 2 in. Replicate testswith the same failure modes were used to determine thewithin-test standard deviations for each condition. There wasno statistically significant difference in repeat
41、ability for failures4Vaysburd, A. M., and McDonald, J. E., “An Evaluation of Equipment andProcedures for Tensile Bond Testing of Concrete Repairs,” Technical ReportREMR-CS-61, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, June1999, p. 84.FIG. 1 Schematic of Setup to Test SubstrateC1583
42、043in the substrate, the repair material, or at the interface. Theoverall pooled standard deviation was found to be 0.29 MPa42 psi.13.2 BiasThis method has no bias because pull-off tensilestrength or pull-off bond strength are defined only in terms ofthis method.14. Keywords14.1 adhesives; overlay m
43、aterials; pull-off tensile strength;pull-off test; repair materials; tensile bond strengthFIG. 2 Schematic of Setup to Test Material Applied to SubstrateC1583044ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this sta
44、ndard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be revi
45、ewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsib
46、le technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
47、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 3 Schematic of Failure ModesC1583045
