1、Designation: C1589 05C1589/C1589M 13Standard Practice forOutdoor Weathering of Construction Seals and Sealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1589;C1589/C1589M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes outdoor exposure procedures to be used as part of a test designed to determine the
3、 weatheringdurability weatherability of building construction, seals and sealants.NOTE 1See Practice G24 for Exposures to Daylight Filtered Through Glass.1.2 This practice includes three procedures for outdoor weathering. Procedure A exposes specimens to outdoor weatheringwithout movement. Procedure
4、 B and Procedure C are, respectively, continuous natural and periodic manual techniques forsubjecting specimens to the combination of cyclic movement and exposure to outdoor weathering.1.3 This practice is limited to the method by which the construction seals or sealants are exposed to outdoor weath
5、ering as partof a test program. It does not describe the test methods refers to the types of evaluations to be performed following the outdoorexposure. It is intended for specimens of any size and shape to be used in static or dynamic tests.exposure but does not describethe test methods.1.4 Means of
6、 evaluation of the effects of weathering will depend on the intended use forof the test material.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only. stated in each system may not be exact
7、 equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof th
8、e user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC718 Test Method for Ultraviolet (UV)-Cold Box Exposure of One-
9、Part, Elastomeric, Solvent-Release Type Sealants(Withdrawn 2002)3C719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elastomeric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman Cycle)C1135 Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Properties of Structural SealantsC1257 Test Method for Accelerated Weather
10、ing of Solvent-Release-Type SealantsC1442 Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants Using Artificial Weathering ApparatusC1735 Test Method for Measuring the Time Dependent Modulus of Sealants Using Stress RelaxationE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE732 Specification for Disposable Pasteur-T
11、ype PipetE734 Specification for Disposable Glass Blood Sample Capillary Tube (Microhematocrit)E772 Terminology of Solar Energy ConversionG7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic MaterialsG24 Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight Filtered Through GlassG84 Prac
12、tice for Measurement of Time-of-Wetness on Surfaces Exposed to Wetting Conditions as in Atmospheric CorrosionTesting1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on Building Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.40 on Weathering.Current edition app
13、roved Jan. 1, 2005May 15, 2013. Published January 2005June 2013. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20042005 asC1589-04.-05. DOI: 10.1520/C1589-05.10.1520/C1589-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serv
14、iceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of a
15、n ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publi
16、shed by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG147 Practice for Conditioning and Han
17、dling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsG169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to Weathering TestsG178 Practice for Determining theActivation Spectrum of a Material (Wavelength Sensitivity to an Exposure Source) Using theSharp Cut-On Filter or Spect
18、rographic Technique3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are found in Terminologies C717, G113, E631, and E772.4. Significance and Use4.1 Tests conducted in accordance with this practice are used to evaluate the stabilityweatherability of construction seals andsealant materials when they are expo
19、sed to outdoor weather conditions. The durabilityweatherability of seals and sealants in actualoutdoor use can be very different depending on the location, because of differences in solar radiation, moisture, temperature,pollutants, and other factors. Sealant color may also affect durability.weather
20、ability.4.2 The type, frequency and amount of movement of sealants varies with location and may affect durability.weatherability. Itcannot be assumed, therefore, that results from one exposure in a single location will be useful for determining durabilityweath-erability in a different location. Expo
21、sures in several locations with different climates (for example, solar radiation, moisture,temperature, pollutants, biological and other factors) that represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions arerecommended.4.3 It is strongly recommended that control materials with known durability
22、should be included with each exposure test. Controlmaterials shouldof similar composition and construction to the test specimens and with known weatherability be exposed alongwith the test specimens for the purpose of comparing the performance of test materials to the controls. It is preferable to u
23、se twocontrol materials of similar composition and construction to the test specimens, materials, one with relatively good durability-weatherability and one with relatively poor durability. Unless otherwise specified, use at least three replicate specimens of eachtest and control material.weatherabi
24、lity.4.4 The results of short-term exposure tests can provide an indication of relative outdoor performance, but they shall not be usedto predict the absolute long-term performance of a seal or sealant material. The results of tests conducted for less than 12 monthswill depend on the particular seas
25、on of the year in which they begin.4.5 Because of year-to-year climatatological variations, results from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict the absoluterate at which a seal or sealant degrades. Several years of repeat exposures are needed to getdetermine an average test result fora giv
26、en location.4.6 Climatic and construction factors can impose cyclic movement upon sealed joints in use. This movement can impact theeffects of outdoor weathering. Consideration shall be given to the effect of movement when analyzing exposure results obtainedon static specimens.weathering and often c
27、auses types of failure that are not produced by weathering without movement. Thus,the ability of building joint sealants to withstand temperature-induced movements of compression and expansion is an importantproperty.4.7 When combined with proper provision for Outdoor weathering of specimens in comb
28、ination with natural or forced cyclicmovement, this outdoor weathering procedure can also be used as an indicator movement during exposure can provide a morerealistic assessment of the ability of a seal or sealant to withstand climate influences and the stresses of cyclic movement.thecombined effect
29、s of climate and movement encountered by seals and sealants in building construction applications.5. Apparatus5.1 The test site shall conform to the requirements of Practice G7. Unless otherwise specified, position exposure racks 45relative to horizontal, facing the equator. The angle of exposure ra
30、ck, and the orientation relative to the equator can vary dependingupon the application and performance criteria that are being evaluated. Consult Practice G7 for information on other exposure rackangles.5.2 Specimen Holders:5.2.1 The specimens for most static tests under test will not be of an exact
31、 size for mounting directly onto the frame. Specimenholders shall be used to support the many sizes of specimens involved in this testing. In no case shall the specimen holder constitutea backing for that portion of the material to be evaluated.5.2.2 The specimen holders shall be constructed of a ma
32、terial agreed upon by the mutual parties. Aluminum panels, glass, andmarble shapes have been found suitable for static exposures.5.2.3 The design of the specimen holders intended to induce or allow for cyclic movement (for example, testing rigs, manuallyadjusted vices, and fully automatic mechanical
33、 devises) shall be agreed upon by the mutual parties.5.3 Materials and Manner of ConstructionTest racks and hardware shall conform to the requirements of Practice G7 and shallprovide for the attachment of specimens or holders of any convenient width and length. The structural members of the test rac
34、ksC1589/C1589M 132shall not constitute a backing to the specimens under test. Fasteners used to attach specimens to the test rack shall provide forsecure attachment but allow specimens to expand or contract with thermal changes, moisture absorption or desorption, orplasticizer loss.5.4 Instruments f
35、or Measuring Climatological Data:5.4.1 Instruments Used to Measure Ambient Temperature and Relative HumidityInstrument and procedures used formeasurement of ambient temperature and relative humidity shall be in accordance with Practice G7.5.4.2 Instruments Used to Measure Solar RadiationInstrument a
36、nd calibration procedures used for measurement of total solarradiation, total solar ultraviolet radiation, or narrow band solar ultraviolet radiation shall be in accordance with Practice G7.6. Preparation of Samples6.1 Follow the manufacturers instructions for mixing and/or preparing materials to be
37、 tested.6.2 It is strongly recommended that control materials and test materials be of the same dimensions.7. Test Specimen7.1 Exposure test specimens may be of any size or shape that can be mounted in a fixture, a holder or applied directly to theracks. They may be specimens suited to the means of
38、evaluating the effects of weathering on specific properties, or they may belarger specimens from which smaller specimens for evaluation may be cut. The exposure test specimens shall be large enough thatmounting edges may be removed where evaluation test results would be otherwise affected.7.2 As far
39、 as practical, exposure test specimens shall simulate those used in service conditions of an end-use application. Whenconditions of use are known, the specimen exposed will consist of seal or sealant material being evaluated plus suitable substrateor installation materials to conform to the projecte
40、d practice. The effect of substrate or installation materials is highly significantand contributes to the degradation due to reflectance, heat absorption, moisture retention, etc.7.3 The use of replicates of each experimental material being evaluated is required in order to allow for variability.7.4
41、 The total number of specimens will be determined by the removal schedule and number of replicates plus file specimens.These unexposed file specimens shall be retained at conditions of 23.0 6 2C and 50 6 20 % relative humidity. They shall becovered with inert opaque wrapping to exclude light during
42、the storage period. Refer to Practice G147 for more information onspecimen handling and conditioning.5. Test Sites and Exposure Racks5.1 Weathering racks shall be located in cleared areas, preferablyThe test site shall conform to the requirements of Practice G7,and preferably, samples should be test
43、ed at a suitable number of climatologically different sites representing the variable conditionsunder which the construction seal or sealant will be used. Climatological variations within these areas may include thoserepresented by desert, seashore (salt air), industrial locations, tropical, and sub
44、tropical regions, plus areas exhibiting a wide rangeof in solar radiant energy. The area beneath and in the vicinity of the weathering racks shall be typical of the ground cover in thatclimatological area. In desert areas in which sand is the prevailing ground cover, coarse gravel is required to pre
45、vent abrasion andsignificant dust accretion due to wind-blown sand (Note 2). The ground cover shall be low-cut grass in most temperate, tropical,and subtropical areas.NOTE 2Sand as a ground cover may be desirable where the abrasive effects of exposure to wind-blown sand is a part of the desired expo
46、sure.5.2 Weathering test racks shall be located in cleared areas. The racks and hardware shall conform to the requirements of PracticeG7 and shall provide for the attachment of specimens or holders of any appropriate width and length. The structural members ofthe test racks shall not constitute a ba
47、cking to the specimens under test. Fasteners used to attach specimens to the test rack shallprovide for secure attachment but allow specimens to expand or contract with thermal changes, moisture absorption or desorption,or plasticizer loss.5.3 Unless otherwise specified, position the racks at 45 rel
48、ative to horizontal, facing the equator. The angle of the exposurerack, and the orientation relative to the equator can vary depending upon the in-service application of the material. Consult PracticeG7 for information on other exposure rack orientations. If other rack orientations are used they mus
49、t be reported.6. Test Specimens6.1 Follow the manufacturers instructions for mixing or preparing, or both, materials to be tested. As far as practical, testspecimens shall simulate those used in service conditions of an end-use application. When conditions of use are known, thespecimen exposed will consist of seal or sealant material being evaluated plus suitable substrate or installation materials to conformto the projected practice. The effect of substrate or installation materials is highly significant and contributes to the degradationdue to reflectance, heat absorpti
