1、Designation: C1589/C1589M 16Standard Practice forOutdoor Weathering of Construction Seals and Sealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1589/C1589M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes outdoor exposure procedures tobe used as part of a test designed to determine the weather-abilit
3、y of building construction, seals and sealants.NOTE 1See Practice G24 for Exposures to Daylight Filtered ThroughGlass.1.2 This practice includes three procedures for outdoorweathering. Procedure A exposes specimens to outdoor weath-ering without movement. Procedure B and Procedure C are,respectively
4、, continuous natural and periodic manual tech-niques for subjecting specimens to the combination of cyclicmovement and exposure to outdoor weathering.1.3 This practice is limited to the method by which theconstruction seals or sealants are exposed to outdoor weather-ing as part of a test program. It
5、 refers to the types ofevaluations to be performed following the outdoor exposurebut does not describe the test methods.1.4 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering willdepend on the intended use of the test material.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regar
6、ded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety
7、 concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C717 Terminology of Building Seals
8、 and SealantsC719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-meric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (HockmanCycle)C1135 Test Method for Determining TensileAdhesion Prop-erties of Structural SealantsC1735 Test Method for Measuring the Time DependentModulus of Sealants Using Stress Relaxation
9、E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE772 Terminology of Solar Energy ConversionG7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-ing of Nonmetallic MaterialsG24 Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight FilteredThrough GlassG84 Practice for Measurement of Time-of-Wetness on Sur-faces
10、 Exposed to Wetting Conditions as in AtmosphericCorrosion TestingG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weath-ering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsG169 Guide for Application o
11、f Basic Statistical Methods toWeathering TestsG178 Practice for Determining the Activation Spectrum of aMaterial (Wavelength Sensitivity to an Exposure Source)Using the Sharp Cut-On Filter or Spectrographic Tech-nique3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are found in TerminologiesC717, G113, E631
12、, and E772.4. Significance and Use4.1 Tests conducted in accordance with this practice areused to evaluate the weatherability of construction seals andsealant materials when they are exposed to outdoor weatherconditions. The weatherability of seals and sealants in actualoutdoor use can be very diffe
13、rent depending on the locationbecause of differences in solar radiation, moisture,temperature, pollutants, and other factors. Sealant color mayalso affect weatherability.4.2 This practice allows for three options: Option 1 Procedure A in which the effect of movement during weather-ing is not conside
14、red; Option 2 Procedure B in whichspecimens are weathered in conjunction with movement based1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on BuildingSeals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.40 onWeathering.Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Publish
15、ed July 2016. Originally approvedin 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C1589/C1589M-14. DOI:10.1520/C1589/C1589M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informati
16、on, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1on thermal changes. The applied strain is proportional to acombination of the temperature at the time the equipment is
17、 setup and subsequent thermal changes. This option closelymimics the actual movements that occur in many sealantinstallations, but is less repeatable than the movement inProcedure C; Option 3 Procedure C in which the strain duringweathering is manually applied. This procedure allows forexcellent con
18、trol and repeatability, but is less representative ofmovement in actual use conditions than the movement inProcedure B. Options 2 and 3 have been added to this practicebased on peer reviewed scientific literature demonstrating thatapplied strain separately and in combination with other weath-ering s
19、tresses causes changes in the weatherability of sealants.4.3 The type, frequency and amount of movement ofsealants varies with location and may affect weatherability. Itcannot be assumed, therefore, that results from one exposure ina single location will be useful for determining weatherabilityin a
20、different location. Exposures in several locations withdifferent climates (for example, solar radiation, moisture,temperature, pollutants, biological and other factors) thatrepresent a broad range of anticipated service conditions arerecommended.4.4 It is strongly recommended that control materials
21、ofsimilar composition and construction to the test specimens andwith known weatherability be exposed along with the testspecimens for the purpose of comparing the performance oftest materials to the controls. (See 6.2).4.5 The results of short-term exposure tests can provide anindication of relative
22、 outdoor performance, but they shall notbe used to predict the absolute long-term performance of a sealor sealant material. The results of tests conducted for less than12 months will depend on the particular season of the year inwhich they begin.4.6 Because of year-to-year climatatological variation
23、s, re-sults from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict theabsolute rate at which a seal or sealant degrades. Several yearsof repeat exposures are needed to determine an average testresult for a given location.4.7 Climatic and construction factors can impose cyclicmovement upon sealed join
24、ts in use. This movement canimpact the effects of outdoor weathering and often causes typesof failure that are not produced by weathering without move-ment. Thus, the ability of building joint sealants to withstandtemperature-induced movements of compression and expan-sion is an important property.4
25、.8 Outdoor weathering of specimens in combination withnatural or forced cyclic movement during exposure can providea more realistic assessment of the ability of a seal or sealant towithstand the combined effects of climate and movementencountered by seals and sealants in building constructionapplica
26、tions.5. Test Sites and Exposure Racks5.1 The test site shall conform to the requirements ofPractice G7, and preferably, samples should be tested at asuitable number of climatologically different sites representingthe variable conditions under which the construction seal orsealant will be used. Clim
27、atological variations within theseareas may include those represented by desert, seashore (saltair), industrial locations, tropical, and subtropical regions, plusareas exhibiting a wide range of solar radiant energy. The areabeneath and in the vicinity of the weathering racks shall betypical of the
28、ground cover in that climatological area. In desertareas in which sand is the prevailing ground cover, coarsegravel is required to prevent abrasion and significant dustaccretion due to wind-blown sand (Note 2). The ground covershall be low-cut grass in most temperate, tropical, and sub-tropical area
29、s.NOTE 2Sand as a ground cover may be desirable where the abrasiveeffects of exposure to wind-blown sand is a part of the desired exposure.5.2 Weathering test racks shall be located in cleared areas.The racks and hardware shall conform to the requirements ofPractice G7 and shall provide for the atta
30、chment of specimensor holders of any appropriate width and length. The structuralmembers of the test racks shall not constitute a backing to thespecimens under test. Fasteners used to attach specimens to thetest rack shall provide for secure attachment but allow speci-mens to expand or contract with
31、 thermal changes, moistureabsorption or desorption, or plasticizer loss.5.3 Unless otherwise specified, position the racks at 45relative to horizontal, facing the equator. The angle of theexposure rack, and the orientation relative to the equator canvary depending upon the in-service application of
32、the material.Consult Practice G7 for information on other exposure rackorientations. If other rack orientations are used they must bereported.6. Test Specimens6.1 Follow the manufacturers instructions for mixing orpreparing, or both, materials to be tested. The specimens shallbe cured under standard
33、 conditions as defined in TerminologyC717. As far as practical, test specimens shall simulate thoseused in service conditions of an end-use application. Whenconditions of use are known, the specimen exposed will consistof seal or sealant material being evaluated plus suitablesubstrate or installatio
34、n materials to conform to the projectedpractice. The effect of substrate or installation materials ishighly significant and contributes to the degradation due toreflectance, heat absorption, moisture retention, etc.6.2 It is recommended that a similar material of knownperformance under use condition
35、s (a control) be exposedsimultaneously with the test specimen for evaluation of theperformance of the test materials relative to that of the control.It is preferable to use two control materials, one with relativelypoor weatherability and the other with good weatherability. Itis strongly recommended
36、 that control materials and test mate-rials be of the same dimensions.6.3 The use of at least three replicate specimens of eachexperimental and control material being tested is recommendedin order to allow for variability. Consult Guide G169 forperforming statistical analysis.6.4 The total number of
37、 specimens will be determined bythe number of exposure periods, number of replicates exposed,C1589/C1589M 162and the number of unexposed file specimens. When destructivetests are used to evaluate the effect of weathering, ensure thatsufficient unexposed file specimens are retained to be testedeach t
38、ime the exposed materials are tested. These unexposedfile specimens shall be retained at conditions of 23.0 6 2C.They shall be covered with inert opaque wrapping to excludelight during the storage period.6.5 Refer to Practice G147 for procedures on specimenidentification, handling and conditioning.7
39、. Specimen Holders7.1 Specimen holders shall be used to support the speci-mens. In no case shall the specimen holder constitute a backingfor that portion of the material to be evaluated.7.2 The specimen holders shall be constructed of a materialagreed upon by the mutual parties.8. Instruments for Me
40、asuring Climatological Data8.1 Instruments Used to Measure Ambient Temperature andRelative HumidityInstrument and procedures used for mea-surement of ambient temperature and relative humidity shall bein accordance with Practice G7.8.2 Instruments Used to Measure Solar RadiationInstrument and calibra
41、tion procedures used for measurement oftotal solar radiation, total solar ultraviolet radiation, or narrowband solar ultraviolet radiation shall be in accordance withPractice G7.9. General Procedure9.1 Mark the test specimens to be exposed with an identi-fying number, letter, or symbol so that they
42、may be identifiedreadily after exposure. The marking shall be such that there isno interference with either the exposure or the subsequenttesting. (Preferably, mark both specimen and specimen holderon the side not exposed to weather, as extended exposure canobscure even deeply scribed marks.)9.2 Rec
43、ord the initial appearance and physical-property dataappropriate to the evaluation method used.9.3 Mount the test specimens in the holder or directly to theexposure rack. It is convenient to group specimens to beremoved from exposure at the same time in one holder.9.4 Record a diagram of the test sp
44、ecimen holder layout,and record the date of installation and length of exposureplanned.9.5 Ensure that the pyranometer is mounted at a tilt andazimuth angle that is identical to that of the test specimens.9.6 Mount the specimens on racks for the prescribed time,solar radiant energy, or total UV radi
45、ant energy or narrow bandUV radiant energy.9.7 Establish a fixed procedure of cleaning, visualexamination, conditioning, and testing of the specimens. Thisprocedure will vary with materials, but it must be uniform in aseries of tests on one material to provide comparative results.9.8 The face of the
46、 specimen shall not be masked for thepurpose of showing the effects of various exposure times onone panel. Misleading results can be obtained by this methodsince the masked portion of the specimen is still exposed totemperature and humidity that will affect the results in manycases.9.9 Unexposed fil
47、e specimens shall be used for visualcomparison to exposed specimens and for destructive testscompared with those of exposed specimens at various exposurestages.9.10 Exposures and evaluations shall be planned to permitreporting one of the following for the test material(s) andcontrol(s), if used:9.10
48、.1 Change after a specified exposure,9.10.2 Amount of time for a specified change in propertiesto occur, and9.10.3 A record of measurements after various exposureperiods.10. Exposure Procedures With and Without Movement10.1 Procedure AOutdoor Weathering Without Movement10.1.1 Test Specimens:10.1.1.1
49、 Test specimens may be of any size or shape thatcan be mounted in a fixture, a holder or applied directly to theracks. The specimen dimensions can either be suited to themethods of evaluating the effects of weathering on specificproperties, or larger from which smaller specimens for evalu-ation are cut. The exposure test specimens shall be largeenough to allow for removal of the mounting edges, whichwould affect the evaluation of test results.10.1.1.2 Test specimens can be made with any substrate.Standard substrates are glass, aluminum and concrete.10.1.2 Apparatus:10.1.
