1、Designation: C 1589 05Standard Practice forOutdoor Weathering of Construction Seals and Sealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1589; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes outdoor exposure procedures tobe used as part of a test designed to determine the weatheringdurability of b
3、uilding construction, seals and sealants.NOTE 1See Practice G24for Exposures to Daylight Filtered ThroughGlass.1.2 This practice is limited to the method by which theconstruction seals or sealants are exposed to outdoor weather-ing as part of a test program. It does not describe the testmethods to b
4、e performed following the outdoor exposure. It isintended for specimens of any size and shape to be used instatic or dynamic tests.1.3 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering willdepend on the intended use for the test material.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestan
5、dard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica
6、-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsE 772 Terminology Relating to Solar Energy ConversionG7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental ExposureTesting of Nonmetallic MaterialsG24 Practice for Conducting
7、 Exposures to Daylight Fil-tered Through GlassG84 Practice for Measurement of Time-of Wetness onSurfaces Exposed to Wetting Conditions as inAtmosphericCorrosion TestingG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and ArtificialWeathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG 147 Practice for Conditioning and Hand
8、ling of Nonme-tallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering TestsG 178 Practice for Determining the Activation Spectrum ofa Material (Wavelength Sensitivity to an Exposure Source)Using the Sharp Cut-On Filter or Spectrographic Tech-nique3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are found in
9、TerminologiesC 717, G113, and E 772.4. Significance and Use4.1 Tests conducted in accordance with this practice areused to evaluate the stability of construction seals and sealantmaterials when they are exposed to outdoor weather condi-tions. The durability of seals and sealants in actual outdoor us
10、ecan be very different depending on the location, because ofdifferences in solar radiation, moisture, temperature, pollutants,and other factors. Sealant color may also affect durability.4.2 The type, frequency and amount of movement ofsealants varies with location and may affect durability. Itcannot
11、 be assumed, therefore, that results from one exposure ina single location will be useful for determining durability in adifferent location. Exposures in several locations with differentclimates (for example, solar radiation, moisture, temperature,pollutants, biological and other factors) that repre
12、sent a broadrange of anticipated service conditions are recommended.4.3 It is strongly recommended that control materials withknown durability should be included with each exposure test.Control materials should be exposed along with the testspecimens for the purpose of comparing the performance ofte
13、st materials to the controls. It is preferable to use two controlmaterials of similar composition and construction to the testspecimens, one with relatively good durability and one withrelatively poor durability. Unless otherwise specified, use atleast three replicate specimens of each test and cont
14、rol mate-rial.4.4 The results of short-term exposure tests can provide anindication of relative outdoor performance, but they shall notbe used to predict the absolute long-term performance of a seal1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on BuildingSeals and Sealants and is th
15、e direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.40 onWeathering.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 1589-04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Ser
16、vice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.or sealant material. The results of tests c
17、onducted for less than12 months will depend on the particular season of the year inwhich they begin.4.5 Because of year-to-year climatatological variations, re-sults from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict theabsolute rate at which a seal or sealant degrades. Several yearsof repeat exp
18、osures are needed to get an average test result fora given location.4.6 Climatic and construction factors can impose movementupon sealed joints in use. This movement can impact the effectsof outdoor weathering. Consideration shall be given to theeffect of movement when analyzing exposure results obt
19、ainedon static specimens.4.7 When combined with proper provision for natural orforced cyclic movement, this outdoor weathering procedurecan also be used as an indicator of the ability of a seal orsealant to withstand climate influences and the stresses ofcyclic movement.5. Apparatus5.1 The test site
20、 shall conform to the requirements ofPractice G7. Unless otherwise specified, position exposureracks 45 relative to horizontal, facing the equator. The angleof exposure rack, and the orientation relative to the equator canvary depending upon the application and performance criteriathat are being eva
21、luated. Consult Practice G7for informationon other exposure rack angles.5.2 Specimen Holders:5.2.1 The specimens for most static tests under test will notbe of an exact size for mounting directly onto the frame.Specimen holders shall be used to support the many sizes ofspecimens involved in this tes
22、ting. In no case shall thespecimen holder constitute a backing for that portion of thematerial to be evaluated.5.2.2 The specimen holders shall be constructed of a mate-rial agreed upon by the mutual parties. Aluminum panels,glass, and marble shapes have been found suitable for staticexposures.5.2.3
23、 The design of the specimen holders intended to induceor allow for cyclic movement (for example, testing rigs,manually adjusted vices, and fully automatic mechanical de-vises) shall be agreed upon by the mutual parties.5.3 Materials and Manner of ConstructionTest racks andhardware shall conform to t
24、he requirements of Practice G7andshall provide for the attachment of specimens or holders of anyconvenient width and length. The structural members of thetest racks shall not constitute a backing to the specimens undertest. Fasteners used to attach specimens to the test rack shallprovide for secure
25、attachment but allow specimens to expandor contract with thermal changes, moisture absorption ordesorption, or plasticizer loss.5.4 Instruments for Measuring Climatological Data:5.4.1 Instruments Used to Measure Ambient Temperatureand Relative HumidityInstrument and procedures used formeasurement of
26、 ambient temperature and relative humidityshall be in accordance with Practice G7.5.4.2 Instruments Used to Measure Solar RadiationInstrument and calibration procedures used for measurement oftotal solar radiation, total solar ultraviolet radiation, or narrowband solar ultraviolet radiation shall be
27、 in accordance withPractice G7.6. Preparation of Samples6.1 Follow the manufacturers instructions for mixingand/or preparing materials to be tested.6.2 It is strongly recommended that control materials andtest materials be of the same dimensions.7. Test Specimen7.1 Exposure test specimens may be of
28、any size or shapethat can be mounted in a fixture, a holder or applied directly tothe racks. They may be specimens suited to the means ofevaluating the effects of weathering on specific properties, orthey may be larger specimens from which smaller specimensfor evaluation may be cut. The exposure tes
29、t specimens shall belarge enough that mounting edges may be removed whereevaluation test results would be otherwise affected.7.2 As far as practical, exposure test specimens shall simu-late those used in service conditions of an end-use application.When conditions of use are known, the specimen expo
30、sed willconsist of seal or sealant material being evaluated plus suitablesubstrate or installation materials to conform to the projectedpractice. The effect of substrate or installation materials ishighly significant and contributes to the degradation due toreflectance, heat absorption, moisture ret
31、ention, etc.7.3 The use of replicates of each experimental materialbeing evaluated is required in order to allow for variability.7.4 The total number of specimens will be determined bythe removal schedule and number of replicates plus filespecimens. These unexposed file specimens shall be retained a
32、tconditions of 23.0 6 2C and 50 6 20 % relative humidity.They shall be covered with inert opaque wrapping to excludelight during the storage period. Refer to Practice G 147 formore information on specimen handling and conditioning.8. Test Sites8.1 Weathering racks shall be located in cleared areas,p
33、referably at a suitable number of climatologically differentsites representing the variable conditions under which theconstruction seal or sealant will be used. Climatologicalvariations within these areas may include those represented bydesert, seashore (salt air), industrial locations, tropical, an
34、dsubtropical regions, plus areas exhibiting a wide range of insolar radiant energy. The area beneath and in the vicinity of theweathering racks shall be typical of the ground cover in thatclimatological area. In desert areas in which sand is theprevailing ground cover, coarse gravel is required to p
35、reventabrasion and significant dust accretion due to wind-blown sand(Note 2). The ground cover shall be low-cut grass in mosttemperate, tropical, and subtropical areas.NOTE 2Sand as a ground cover may be desirable where the abrasiveeffects of exposure to wind-blown sand is a part of the desired expo
36、sure.9. Exposure Stages9.1 Use one of the following methods to specify theexposure stages at which changes in properties of test speci-mens are determined:C1589052NOTE 3The same exposure stage (by whichever method is used) willnot necessarily give the same changes in properties of the test specimen
37、atdifferent exposure sites. The exposure stages must be regarded asproviding only a general indication of the degree of exposure, and theresults shall always be considered in terms of characteristics of theexposure site as well. The use of control materials exposed along with thetest materials can a
38、id in evaluating performance although test results mayvary at different exposure sites.9.1.1 Exposure TimeSpecify the duration of the exposurein terms of months (1, 3, 6, 12, 15, etc.) or-years (1, 1.5, 2, 3,4, 5, etc.), unless otherwise instructed.NOTE 4The results for exposure stages of less than
39、one year willdepend on the season of the year in which the exposure was made. Forinstance, summer exposures are generally more severe than winterexposures. Seasonal effects are reduced in exposures of several years, butthe results may still depend on the particular season in which exposurewas starte
40、d (for example, exposures started in spring may exhibit moredegradation than exposures started in autumn).9.1.1.1 If available, record the total full spectrum solarradiant exposure and total solar UV radiant exposure that hasbeen measured by radiometers positioned at the same tilt andazimuth angle a
41、s the test specimens.9.1.2 Solar-Radiation MeasurementsSince solar radiationis one of the most important factors in the deterioration of sealsor sealants during weathering, exposure stages may be definedin terms of the amount of radiation received by the specimens.Total solar radiation, total solar
42、ultraviolet radiation or narrowband solar ultraviolet radiation, are measured by radiometerspositioned at the same tilt and azimuth angle as the testspecimens.An inherent limitation to timing exposures based onsolar radiation is that it does not reflect the variations intemperature and moisture, whi
43、ch are important weatheringfactors in conjunction with solar radiation.9.1.2.1 Total Full Spectrum Solar RadiationMeasure totalfull spectrum solar (nominally 300 to 2500 nm) radiantexposure using the instrumentation described in Practice G7.The radiant energy measured shall be expressed in MJ/m2.9.1
44、.2.2 Total Solar Ultraviolet Radiation- Measure totalsolar ultraviolet (295 to 385 nm) radiant exposure using theinstrumentation described in Practice G7. The radiant energymeasured shall be expressed in MJ/m2. This is the recom-mended method for determining exposure stages.9.1.2.3 Specified Narrow-
45、Band Solar UltravioletRadiationThe UV radiant exposure in specified narrowwavelength intervals (or bands) that conform closely to thewavelengths to which the material is most sensitive may alsobe used to follow the exposure stages. In order to identify thenarrow band that conforms closely to the wav
46、elengths to whichthe material is most sensitive, it may be necessary to determinethe activation spectrum of the material based on exposure tosolar radiation.Aprocedure for this has been described by N.D.Searle3and is contained in Practice G 178.10. Procedure10.1 Mark the test specimens to be exposed
47、 with an iden-tifying number, letter, or symbol so that they may be identifiedreadily after exposure. The marking shall be such that there isno interference with either the exposure or the subsequenttesting. (Preferably, mark both specimen and specimen holderon the side not exposed to weather, as ad
48、vanced weathering canobscure even deeply scribed marks.)10.2 Record the initial appearance and physical-propertydata appropriate to the evaluation method used.10.3 Mount the test specimens in the holder or directly tothe exposure rack. It is convenient to group specimens to beremoved from exposure a
49、t the same time in one holder.10.4 Record a diagram of the test specimen holder layout,and record the date of installation and length of exposureplanned.10.5 Ensure that the pyranometer is mounted at a tilt andazimuth angle that is identical to that of the test specimens.10.6 Mount the specimens on racks for the prescribed time,solar radiant energy, or total UV radiant energy or narrow bandUV radiant energy.10.7 Establish a fixed procedure of cleaning, visual exami-nation, conditioning, and testing of the specimens. This proce-dure will vary with materials, but it must b
