1、Designation: C1594 11 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forPolyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the composition and physicalproperties of polyimide foam insulation with nominal densitiesfrom
3、1.0 lb/ft3to 8.0 lb/ft3(16 kgm3to 128 kg/m3) andintended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation fortemperatures from 423F to +600F (253C to +316C) incommercial and industrial environments.1.1.1 The annex shall apply to this specification for marineapplications.1.1.2 This standard is desig
4、ned as a material specificationand not a design document.1.1.3 The values stated in Table 1 and Table 2 are not to beused as design values. It is the buyers responsibility to specifydesign requirements and obtain supporting documentationfrom the material supplier.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound
5、units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is therespon
6、sibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.NOTE 1The subject matter of this material specification is not coveredby any other ASTM specification. There is no known ISO standardco
7、vering the subject of this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat
8、 Transfer Propertiesof Pipe InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC421 Test Method for Tumbling Friability of PreformedBlock-Type and Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type ThermalInsulati
9、onC447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Tempera-ture of Thermal InsulationsC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC634 Terminology Relating to Building and EnvironmentalAcousticsC665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket The
10、rmal Insu-lation for Light Frame Construction and ManufacturedHousingC1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-erties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluatingand Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal InsulationC1114 Test Method for Steady
11、-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC1304 Test Method for Assessing the Odor Emission ofThermal Insulation MaterialsC1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance ofInsulation Materials and FacingsC1482 Specification for Polyimide Flexible Cellular Ther-mal
12、 and Sound Absorbing InsulationC1559 Test Method for Determining Wicking of FibrousGlass Blanket Insulation (Aircraft Type)D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Ri
13、gidCellular PlasticsD2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plasticsto Thermal and Humid AgingD2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum OxygenConcentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion ofPlastics (Oxygen Index)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onTher
14、mal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 onOrganic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1594 11. DOI:10.1520/C1594-11R17.2For
15、 referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
16、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the Worl
17、d Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1TABLE 1 Polyimide Foam Classification (inch pound)PropertyType IGrade 1Type IGrade 2Type IGrade 3Type IIGrade 1Class 1Type IIGrade 2Class 1Type IIGrade 3Class 1Type IIGrade 1Class 2Type IIGrade 2Class 2Type IIGrade 3Class 2Type IIIGra
18、de 4Density, lb/ft3(max) 8.0 6.0 3.0 8.0 6.0 3.0 8.0 6.0 3.0 1.5Thermal Conductivity,Btu-in./h-ft2-F (max)-238F * * * * * 0.048 * * * *-150F * * * * * 0.036 * * * *-50F * * * * * 0.096 * * * *24F 0.230 0.220 0.210 * * 0.180 * * * *65F 0.248 0.238 0.220 * * 0.228 * * * *75F 0.250 0.240 0.240 0.260 0.
19、250 0.246 0.234 0.250 0.225 0.240100F 0.260 0.250 0.250 * * 0.264 * * * *150F 0.280 0.270 0.270 * * 0.324 * * * *200F 0.305 0.295 0.300 * * 0.396 * * * *300F * * * * * 0.516 * * * *572F * * * * * 0.876 NA NA NA *Upper Temperature Limit test temperature forC411,F600 600 600 600 600 600 400 400 400 60
20、0High Temperature Stability%ofinitial tensilestrength retainedafter 1000 hours in air oven at 572F, (min.)*95*Tensile Strength PSI (min.) 244 134 41 180 80 14 180 80 14 41Compressive Strength PSI 10% def. (min.) 95 65 28 * * * * * * *Compressive Force Deflection PSI 20% def.(min.)* * *186 2186 226St
21、eam AgingChange in tensile Strength % (max.)Dimensional and weight changes % (max.)2510251025102510251025102510251025102510Water Vapor Permeability Perm in. (max.) 0.5 0.5 3.5 2.5 5.0 8.0 2.0 2.5 5.0 2.9Oxygen Index % (min.) 46 45 43 52 50 48 30 30 30 47Surface Burning Characteristics, 2 in. thickne
22、ssFlame Spread Index, (max.)Smoke Developed Index, (max.)1015101510151015101510151015101510151015Vertical BurnFlame Application sec 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60Flame Time sec (max.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Burn Length in. (max.) 0.6 0.6 1.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6Dripping None None None None None No
23、ne None None None NoneSpecific Optical DensityAvg. Dm. Flaming Exposure (max.)Avg. Dm. Non-Flaming Exposure (max.)33221121212153535311Corrosiveness Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassChemical resistance Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassBy-Products of Combustion, ppm (ma
24、x.)Carbon MonoxideFlamingNon-Flaming2753200210013001030010300103001030010300101253Hydrogen FluorideFlamingNon-Flaming55444455555555555522Hydrogen ChlorideFlamingNon-Flaming99775510101010101010101010101033Nitrogen OxidesFlamingNon-Flaming10101010101010101010101010101010101063Sulfur DioxideFlamingNon
25、Flaming55555555555555555522Hydrogen CyanideFlamingNon Flaming5555555555551051051054314 Scale Room Burn No Flash Over Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassPercent closed cell (range) 10076 10076 10076 300 300 300 300 300 300 7520Tumbling Friability600 Revolutions, mass loss, max, % 3.0 3.
26、0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.01200 Revolutions, mass loss, max, % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0Odor Emission Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassFungi Resistance Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassWicking, 48 hrs, distance above water line,max. 72F, in.0.5 0.5
27、 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5* = Not available consult manufacturer for additional information.NA = Not ApplicableNB = A manufacturer can only claim conformance to this standard to the values reported in this table. The * notes are confidential data to the manufacturers and as suchare not conside
28、red part of any qualifying requirements for the standard and only tell the user to inquire about that data.C1594 11 (2017)2TABLE 2 Polyimide Foam Classification (SI)PropertyType IGrade 1Type IGrade 2Type IGrade 3Type IIGrade 1Class 1Type IIGrade 2Class 1Type IIGrade 3Class 1Type IIGrade 1Class 2Type
29、 IIGrade 2Class 2Type IIGrade 3Class 2Type IIIGrade 4Density, kg/m3(max) 128 96 48 128 96 48 128 96 48Thermal Conductivity,W/m-K (max)-150C * * * * * 0.007 * * * *-101C * * * * * 0.005 * * * *-46C * * * * * 0.014 * * * *-4C 0.033 0.032 0.030 * * 0.026 * * * *18C 0.036 0.034 0.032 * * 0.033 * * * *24
30、C 0.036 0.035 0.035 0.038 0.036 0.036 0.034 0.036 0.032 0.03538C 0.038 0.036 0.036 * * 0.038 * * * *66C 0.040 0.039 0.039 * * 0.047 * * * *93C 0.044 0.042 0.043 * * 0.057 * * * *149C * * * * * 0.074 * * * *300C * * * * * 0.126 NA NA NA *Upper Temperature Limit test temperature forC411 C315 315 315 3
31、15 315 315 204 204 204 315High Temperature Stability%ofinitial tensilestrength retainedafter 1000 hours in air oven at 300C, (min.)*95*Tensile Strength MPa (min.) 1.68 0.92 0.28 1.24 0.55 0.096 1.24 0.55 0.096 0.28Compressive Strength MPa 10% def. (min.) 0.65 0.45 0.19 * * * * * * *Compressive Force
32、 Deflection MPa 20%def. (min.)* * * 0.12 0.04 0.01 0.12 0.04 0.01 0.18Steam AgingChange in tensile Strength % (max)Dimensional and weight changes % (max)2510251025102510251025102510251025102510Water Vapor Permeability g/Pasm(max.) 0.710-90.710-95.110-93.610-97.310-911.610-92.910-93.610-97.310-94.210
33、-9Oxygen Index % (min.) 46 45 43 52 50 48 30 30 30 47Surface Burning Characteristics, 50mm thick-nessFlame Spread Index, (max.)Smoke Developed Index, (max.)1015101510151015101510151015101510151015Vertical BurnFlame Application sec 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60Flame Time sec (max.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
34、0Burn Length cm (max.) 1.5 1.5 4.0 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.0 1.4Dripping None None None None None None None None None NoneSpecific Optical DensityAvg. Dm. Flaming Exposure (max)Avg. Dm. Non-Flaming Exposure (max.)33221121212153535311Corrosiveness Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassChemic
35、al resistance Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassBy-Products of Combustion, ppm (max.)Carbon MonoxideFlamingNon-Flaming2753200210013001030010300103001030010300101253Hydrogen FluorideFlamingNon-Flaming55443355555555555522Hydrogen ChlorideFlamingNon-Flaming9977551010101010101010101010103
36、3Nitrogen OxidesFlamingNon-Flaming10101010101010101010101010101010101063Sulfur DioxideFlamingNon-Flaming55555555555555555522Hydrogen CyanideFlamingNon-Flaming5555555555551051051054314 Scale Room Burn No Flash Over Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassPercent closed cell (range) 10076 100
37、76 10076 300 300 300 300 300 300 7520Tumbling Friability600 Revolutions, mass loss, max, % 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.01200 Revolutions, mass loss, max, % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0Odor Emission Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassFungi Resistance Pass Pass Pass
38、Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass PassWicking, 48 hrs, distance above water line,max. 22C, mm13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0* = Not available consult manufacturer for additional information.NA = Not ApplicableNB = A manufacturer can only claim conformance to this standard to the values
39、 reported in this table. The * notes are confidential data to the manufacturers and as suchare not considered part of any qualifying requirements for the standard and only tell the user to inquire about that data.C1594 11 (2017)3D3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSlab,Bonded, and Mold
40、ed Urethane FoamsD6226 Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid CellularPlasticsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of S
41、mokeGenerated by Solid MaterialsE2231 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofPipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess SurfaceBurning Characteristics2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:FAR 25.853(a), Appendix F, Part 1, (a) (1) (i) Test Criteriaand Procedures for Showing Compliance with Sec.25.8
42、53, or 25.85532.3 Private Sector Standards:Boeing BSS 7239 Test Method for Toxic Gas Generation byMaterials on Combustion43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this specification are definedin Terminology C168, Terminology C634, and TerminologyE176. In the case of a conflict, Terminology C168 s
43、hall be thedominant authority.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 slaba rectangular section, piece, or sheet of foamthat is cut from a bun, or block of foam.4. Classification4.1 The polyimide cellular insulations of the specificationare classified into Types I, II and III. Type
44、I is polyimide foamwith a closed cell content of greater than 75 % and Type II isopen celled polyimide foam with a closed cell content of lessthan 30 %. Type III is polyimide foam with a closed cellcontent of between 20 and 75 %. The polyimide cellularinsulation is further classified into grades acc
45、ording to density.4.1.1 Grade 1Densities to 8.0 lb/ft3(128 kg/m3).4.1.2 Grade 2Densities to 6.0 lb/ft3(96 kg/m3).4.1.3 Grade 3Densities to 3.0 lb/ft3(48 kg/m3)4.1.4 Grade 4Densities to 1.5 lb/ft3(24 kg/m3)4.2 Type II polyimide cellular insulation is further dividedinto Classes 1 and 2 based on Upper
46、 Temperature Limits of600F and 400F (316C and 204C) respectively.4.3 Use Upper Temperature Limit for classification only.Actual temperature use limits are application dependant andshall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer and pur-chaser.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Polyimide foam shall be
47、manufactured from the appro-priate monomers, and necessary compounding ingredients toconform to the definition in Terminology C168.NOTE 2Type I and III materials are typically prepared by foaming ina closed mold while Type II material are typically prepared by compress-ing polymide foams of the type
48、 specified in Specification C1482.NOTE 3Polyimide foam products made using different monomers arenot equivalent, which can affect physical properties.6. Physical Properties6.1 The insulation shall conform to the requirements inTable 1 and Table 2 for each type, unless specifically statedotherwise by
49、 agreement between the supplier and the pur-chaser. Tests shall be made in accordance with the methodsspecified in 11.1 11.22.6.1.1 Upper Temperature LimitUpper temperature limitshall be determined according to 11.4.6.1.2 Burning CharacteristicsThe uncoated and unfacedfoam shall conform to the requirements in Table 1 and Table 2for each type, when tested in accordance with 11.13 11.18,without the use of flame/smoke or heat suppressant barriers orcoatings.7.
