1、Designation: C 1602/C 1602M 06Standard Specification forMixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic CementConcrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1602/C 1602M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the compositional and perfor-mance requirements for water used as mixing
3、water in hydrau-lic cement concrete. It defines sources of water and providesrequirements and testing frequencies for qualifying individualor combined water sources. In any case where the requirementsof the purchaser differ from these in this specification, thepurchasers specification shall govern.1
4、.2 This specification does not purport to cover methods ofstorage, transportation, or blending of water, or to address thedevelopment and maintenance of quality control programssponsored or managed by the manufacturer.1.3 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets,or inch-pound units ar
5、e to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 The text of this specification references no
6、tes andfootnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibilit
7、y of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC 39/C 39M Test Method
8、 for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC 94/C 94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in th
9、e LaboratoryC 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC 1603 Test Method for Measurement of Solids in Water2.2 ACI Documents:3ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-crete and Commentary3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of te
10、rms used in this speci-fication, refer to Terminology C 1253.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 combined watera mixture of two or more sources ofwater blended together, before or during introduction into themixture, for use as mixing water in the production of concrete.3.2.2 hydr
11、ation stabilizing admixturesextended set retard-ing admixtures that control the hydration of cement in appli-cations of managing returned concrete and water from concreteproduction3.2.3 non-potablewater sources that are not fit for humanconsumption, or if it contains quantities of substances thatdis
12、color it or make it smell or have objectionable taste but doesnot contain water from concrete production operations.3.2.4 potable waterwater suitable for human consump-tion3.2.5 water from concrete production operationswaterrecovered from processes of hydraulic cement concrete pro-duction that inclu
13、des wash water from mixers or that was a partof a concrete mixture; water collected in a basin as a result ofstorm water runoff at a concrete production facility; or waterthat contains quantities of concrete ingredients.4. Requirements for Use4.1 Mixing water shall consist of:1This specification is
14、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2006. Published March 2006. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 1602/C
15、1602M 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P
16、.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.1 Batch water (water weighed or metered through thebatch plant),4.1.2 Ice,4
17、.1.3 Water added by truck operator,4.1.4 Free moisture on the aggregates, and4.1.5 Water introduced in the form of admixtures when thiswater increases the water-cementitious materials ratio by morethan 0.01.4.2 Potable water is permitted to be used as mixing water inconcrete without testing for conf
18、ormance with the require-ments of this specification.4.3 Mixing water that is wholly or partially composed ofsources of water that are non-potable or from concrete produc-tion operations are permitted to be used in any proportions tothe limits qualified to meet the requirements of Table 1. At theopt
19、ion of the purchaser and when appropriate for the construc-tion, any of the optional limits found within Table 2 shall bespecified at the time of concrete ordering according to thesection on Ordering Information of Specification C 94/C 94M.4.3.1 Non-potable sources of water shall be qualified for us
20、ein accordance with 5.1. When the non-potable water source isblended with a potable source, the qualification of the mixingwater shall be at the highest percentage of the non-potablesource in the combined mixing water anticipated duringproduction.4.3.2 Combined water blended from two or more sources
21、,where one of the sources includes that from concrete produc-tion, shall be qualified for use in accordance with 5.2. Thecombined water shall be qualified at the highest solids contentin the total mixing water anticipated during production. Mixingwater containing total solids equal to or less than t
22、he levelqualified by testing shall be permitted.5. Testing and Requirements5.1 For sources of non-potable mixing water (as defined in3.2.3) proposed for use as total mixing water or in thecombined mixing water (as defined in 3.2.1), the followingshall apply to the total combined mixing water:5.1.1 W
23、ater shall be tested for compliance with Table 1before first use and thereafter every three months or more oftenwhen there is reason to believe that a change has occurred inthe characteristics of the source. Testing is permitted to be at alower frequency, but not less than annually when results from
24、four consecutive tests indicate compliance with Table 1.5.1.2 The manufacturer shall maintain documented evi-dence that the characteristics of the combined mixing water arein compliance with Table 2. These tests shall be conductedbefore first use and thereafter every 6 months or more oftenwhen there
25、 is reason to believe that a change has occurred inthe characteristics of the source. These records shall beprovided to the purchaser on request.5.2 For sources of water from concrete production opera-tions (as defined in 3.2.5) proposed for use as the total mixingwater or in the combined mixing wat
26、er (as defined in 3.2.1), thefollowing shall apply to the total combined mixing water:5.2.1 The density of the source of water from ready mixedconcrete shall be tested at least on a daily basis in accordancewith Test Method C 1603 or monitored with a hydrometer thathas been verified in accordance wi
27、th Test Method C 1603.Manufacturers that use automated devices shall maintain at theproduction facility documentation on the procedures and cali-bration of systems, as needed (See Note 1).NOTE 1Blending proportions of water sources can be determined inaccordance with Appendix A1 of Test Method C 160
28、3 for achieving atarget solids content.5.2.2 Combined water shall be tested for compliance withthe requirements of Table 1 at the highest solids contentanticipated to be used during production in accordance with thefollowing testing frequencies:5.2.2.1 When the density of the combined water is less
29、than1.01 g/mL, the water shall be tested before first use andthereafter once every six months. Testing frequency is permit-ted to be reduced to once every 12 months when the results oftwo consecutive tests indicate compliance with the require-ments of Table 1 (See Note 2).NOTE 2This condition is int
30、ended to cover the use of clarified washwater that has been passed through a settling pond system.5.2.2.2 When the density of the combined water is between1.01 and 1.03, the water shall be tested before first use andthereafter monthly. Testing frequency is permitted to be re-duced to once every thre
31、e months when the results of 4consecutive tests indicate compliance with the requirements ofTable 1 (See Note 3).NOTE 3Water density of 1.03 approximately represents a total solidscontent of 50,000 ppm.5.2.2.3 When the density of the combined water exceeds1.03, the water shall be tested weekly or mo
32、re often when thereis reason to believe that there is a change in the watercharacteristics for compliance with the requirements of Table1. Testing frequency is permitted to be reduced to once everymonth when the results of two months of consecutive testsindicate compliance with the requirements of T
33、able 1.5.2.2.4 Testing for water with density exceeding 1.05 shallbe the same as that of 5.2.2.3 whether the water includes ordoes not include a set stabilizing admixture (See Note 4).NOTE 4Water density exceeding approximately 1.05, where the solidsare essentially composed of cementitious materials
34、, may require the use ofhydration stabilizing admixtures to maintain compliance with the require-ments of Table 1. The producer should have a documented process inplace to verify the effectiveness of the admixtures and dosages employed.5.2.3 The manufacturer shall maintain documentation onthe charac
35、teristics of the water in compliance with the require-ments of Table 2, other than the total solids requirement. Theserequirements shall apply to the combined water at the highestTABLE 1 Concrete Performance Requirements for Mixing WaterLimits Test MethodsCompressive strength, min % control at7 days
36、A,B90 C 31/C 31M, C 39/C 39MTime of set, deviation from control, h:minAFrom 1:00 early to1:30 laterC 403/C 403MAComparisons shall be based on fixed proportions for a concrete mix designrepresentative of questionable water supply and a control mix using 100 % potablewater or distilled water. (See Ann
37、ex A1).BCompressive strength results shall be based on at least two standard testspecimens made from a composite sample.C 1602/C 1602M 062solids content anticipated for use. These tests shall be con-ducted before first use and thereafter once every 6 months.These records shall be provided to the pur
38、chaser on request(See Note 5).5.3 Concrete testing to verify compliance with the require-ments of Table 1 shall be conducted on concrete samplesobtained from production batches or in laboratory batches inaccordance with Practice C 192/C 192M (See Note 5).NOTE 5The sampling of total combined water in
39、 its final form fromeither the batch plant or transportation unit is impractical. Therefore, forthe purposes of testing for compliance to the requirements of Table 1 andTable 2, it is acceptable to sample, proportion, and combine the individualsources of water to produce a test sample that is repres
40、entative of theactual combined mixing water used in production.6. Keywords6.1 combined water; density; hydration stabilizing admix-ture; mixing water; recycled waterANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. GUIDE FOR THE COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO CONCRETE MIXTURESNECESSARY FOR COMPLIANCE WITH Table 1INTRODUCTION
41、To comply with the performance requirements in Table 1, comparison between two concretemixtures is required: one as a control batch using a potable water source, and a second as a test batchusing the water source(s) proposed for use. The following shall apply:A1.1 Water for the test batch as defined
42、 in 3.2 with adensity greater than 1.01 g/mL, or as close in approximation todensity as used during actual production.A1.2 Water for the test batch as defined in 3.2 shall be asclose as possible to the actual age of water used during actualproduction.A1.3 Air entraining and water reducing admixtures
43、 arepermitted in test and control batches. The air-entraining ad-mixture shall be adjusted to produce the target air content witha tolerance of 61.5 %. The dosage of water reducing admix-ture shall be the same in both batches.A1.4 Hydration stabilizing admixtures are permitted for usein the mixing w
44、ater for the test batch. No other set controllingadmixtures are permitted.A1.5 Mixing water content of the test batch shall not be lessthan the mixing water content of the control batch.A1.6 Mixture proportions shall be made available uponrequest.A1.7 Each batch for concrete comparison purposes tode
45、termine compliance with Table 1 shall be within 6 1Catthe time of mixing and shall be conditioned the same for theduration of the test.TABLE 2 Optional Chemical Limits for Combined Mixing WaterALimits Test MethodMaximum concentration in combined mixing water, ppmBA. Chloride as Cl-, ppm1 in prestres
46、sed concrete, bridge decks, or otherwise designated 500CC1142 other reinforced concrete in moist environments or containing aluminumembedments or dissimilar metals or with stay-in-place galvanized metalforms1000CC114B. Sulfate as SO4, ppm 3000 C114C. Alkalies as (Na2O+0.658K2O), ppm 600 C114D. Total
47、 solids by mass, ppm 50 000 C 1603ASpecification limits from this table are not prohibited from being specified as individual items or as a whole per paragraph 4.1.6 of Specification C 94/C 94M.Bppm is the abbreviation for parts per millionCThe requirements for concrete in ACI 318 shall govern when
48、the manufacturer can demonstrate that these limits for mixing water can be exceeded. For conditionsallowing the use of calcium chloride (CaCl2) accelerator as an admixture, the chloride limitation is permitted to be waived by the purchaser.C 1602/C 1602M 063APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. GUID
49、E FOR TESTING FREQUENCY AS RELATED TO WATER SOURCE USED IN MIXING WATER.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C 1602/C 1602M 05, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved February 15, 2006)(1) Added new footnote A in Table 2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent righ
