1、Designation: C 1611/C 1611M 05Standard Test Method forSlump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1611/C 1611M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of slump flowof self-consolidating concrete.1.2 The values stated in either inch-p
3、ound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconfor
4、mance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prio
5、r to use. (WARNING -Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and maycause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolongedexposure.2)1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures
6、) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric Met
7、hodC 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 halo, nan observed cement paste or mortar ring thathas clearly separated from the coarse aggregate, around theoutside circumf
8、erence of concrete after flowing from the slumpcone.3.1.2 spread, nthe distance of lateral flow of concreteduring the slump-flow test.3.1.3 stability, nthe ability of a concrete mixture to resistsegregation of the paste from the aggregates.3.1.4 viscosity, nresistance of a material to flow under ana
9、pplied shearing stress.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of freshly mixed concrete is placed in a moldshaped as the frustum of a cone. The concrete is placed in onelift without tamping or vibration. The mold is raised, and theconcrete allowed to spread. After spreading ceases, two diam-eters of
10、the concrete mass are measured in approximatelyorthogonal directions, and slump flow is the average of the twodiameters.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine theslump flow of self-consolidating concrete in the laboratory orthe field.5.2 This test method is use
11、d to monitor the consistency offresh, unhardened self-consolidating concrete and its uncon-fined flow potential.5.3 It is difficult to produce self-consolidating concrete thatis both flowable and nonsegregating using coarse aggregateslarger than 1 in. 25 mm. Therefore, this test method isconsidered
12、applicable to self-consolidating concrete havingcoarse aggregate up to 1 in. 25 mm in size. Appendix X1provides non-mandatory visual rating criteria that may be usedto classify the ability of a self-consolidating concrete mixtureto resist segregation (stability).5.4 The rate at which the concrete sp
13、reads is related to itsviscosity. Appendix X1 provides a non-mandatory procedurethat may be used to provide an indication of relative viscosityof self-consolidating concrete mixtures.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direc
14、t responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.47 on Self-Consolidating Concrete.Current edition approved September 15, 2005. Published September 20052Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
15、 website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United
16、 States.6. Apparatus6.1 MoldThe mold used in this test method shall conformto that described in Test Method C 143/C 143M.6.2 Base PlateThe base plate on which the mold restsshall be nonabsorbent, smooth, rigid, and have a minimumdiameter of 36 in. 915 mm.NOTE 1Field experience and results from the r
17、ound robin testprogram have shown that base plates made from sealed/laminatedplywood, acrylic plastic, or steel are suitable for performing this test.6.3 Strike-off BarAs described in Test Method C 173/C 173M.7. Sample7.1 The sample of concrete from which test specimens aremade shall be representati
18、ve of the entire batch. It shall beobtained in accordance with Practice C 172.8. Procedure8.1 The slump-flow test shall be performed on a flat, level,nonabsorbent surface such as a pre-moistened concrete floor ora base plate. The base plate shall be used in conditions wherea flat, level surface is n
19、ot available, such as on a constructionjob site. When the base plate is used, position and shim thebase plate so that it is fully supported, flat, and level. Whenperforming the slump flow test for a given study or project, donot change the base plate surface type for the duration of thestudy or proj
20、ect.8.2 Filling the Mold: The user has the option of filling themold by following either Procedure A or Procedure B.8.2.1 Filling Procedure A (Upright Mold): Dampen andplace the mold, with the larger opening of the mold facingdown, in the center of a flat, moistened base plate or concretesurface. Fi
21、rmly hold the mold in place during filling by theoperator standing on the two foot pieces. From the sample ofconcrete obtained in accordance with Section 7, immediatelyfill the mold in one lift. Slightly overfill the concrete above thetop of the mold.8.2.2 Filling Procedure B (Inverted Mold): Dampen
22、 andplace the mold, with the smaller opening of the mold facingdown, in the center of a flat, moistened base plate or concretesurface. From the sample of concrete obtained in accordancewith Section 7, immediately fill the mold in one lift. Slightlyoverfill the concrete above the top of the mold.NOTE
23、 2During the development of this test method, it was found thatsome of the users preferred to perform the test with the large opening ofthe mold facing down as is performed in Test Method C 143/C 143M. Theprovision of a collar to the top of the mold is useful to reduce theprobability of concrete spi
24、lling over the mold and on to the base plate.Other users preferred to place the mold with the smaller opening facedown, which facilitates the ease of filling. Both filling procedures havebeen found to be suitable when performing this test. The precisionstatement in section 10 reflects the use of bot
25、h procedures. Test data usingthe two filling procedures can be obtained in the round robin test reportavailable from ASTM headquarters.8.3 Strike off the surface of the concrete level with the topof the mold by a sawing motion of the strike-off bar. Removeconcrete from the area surrounding the base
26、of the mold topreclude interference with the movement of the flowingconcrete. Remove the mold from the concrete by raising itvertically. Raise the mold a distance of 9 6 3 in. 225 6 75mm in 3 6 1 seconds by a steady upward lift with no lateralor torsional motion. Complete the entire test from start
27、of thefilling through removal of the mold without interruption withinan elapsed time of 212 minutes.8.4 Wait for the concrete to stop flowing and then measurethe largest diameter of the resulting circular spread of concreteto the nearest14 in. 5 mm. When a halo is observed in theresulting circular s
28、pread of concrete, it shall be included as partof the diameter of the concrete. Measure a second diameter ofthe circular spread at an angle approximately perpendicular tothe original measured diameter.8.5 If the measurement of the two diameters differs by morethan 2 in. 50 mm, the test is invalid an
29、d shall be repeated.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the slump flow using Eq 1:Slump flow 5d11 d2!/2 (1)where:d1= the largest diameter of the circular spread of theconcrete, andd2= the circular spread of the concrete at an angle approxi-mately perpendicular to d19.2 Record the average of the two diameter
30、s to the nearest12 in. (10 mm).10. Report10.1 Report the use of filling procedure A or B.10.2 Report the slump flow to the nearest12 in. 10 mm.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test method was determined basedon the results obtained from a round robin test programconducted by members
31、of the ASTM C09.47 subcommittee onJanuary 9, 2003. The round robin test program consisted ofusing single and multiple operators performing 3 replicas of thetest using the mold in both the upright and inverted positions.The tests were performed using self-consolidating concretewith high and low level
32、s of slump flow and on stable andunstable mixes. Complete details of the round robin testprogram are available from ASTM headquarters in a reportentitled “Report on Development of a Precision Statement forthe Slump Flow Test Method for Self-Consolidating Concrete.”11.2 Single-Operator PrecisionThe s
33、ingle-operator preci-sion statement reflects the use of both procedures A and B. Thesingle-operator standard deviation for slump flow has beenfound to be 1.1 in. 27 mm (See Note 3) for mixtures havingslump flow values between approximately 19 and 27 in. 480and 680 mm. Therefore, results of two prope
34、rly conductedtests by the same operator on the same batch of concrete shouldnot differ by more than 3.0 in. 75 mm (See Note 3).11.3 Multi-Operator PrecisionThe multi-operator preci-sion statement reflects the use of both procedures A and B. Themulti-operator standard deviation for slump flow has bee
35、nfound to be 1.1 in. 27 mm (See Note 3) for mixtures withslump flow values between approximately 21 and 29 in. 530and 740 mm. Therefore, the results of properly conducted testsC 1611/C 1611M 052by two operators on the same batch of concrete should notdiffer by more than 3.0 in. 75 mm (See Note 3).NO
36、TE 3These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s)limits as described in Practice C 670.11.4 BiasThe procedure used in this test method has nobias since slump flow is defined only in terms of this testmethod.12. Keywords12.1 halo; self-consolidating concrete; slump flow; spread;stability;
37、 viscosity; visual stability indexAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RELATIVE MEASURE OF FLOW RATE, VISCOSITY, AND STABILITYX1.1 The flow rate of a self-consolidating concrete mixtureis influenced by its viscosity. Hence, for the purpose ofdeveloping a self-consolidating concrete mixture in the l
38、abo-ratory, a relative measure of viscosity is useful. When perform-ing the slump flow test, the time it takes for the outer edge ofthe concrete mass, to reach a diameter of 20 in. 500 mm fromthe time the mold is first raised, provides a relative measure ofthe unconfined flow rate of the concrete mi
39、xture. For similarmaterials, this time period, termed T50, gives an indication ofthe relative viscosity of the self-consolidating concrete mix-ture.NOTE X1.1The T50value can provide information on the flowproperties of the self-consolidating concrete mixture, whereby longervalues normally correspond
40、 to increased viscosity. Special high-rangewater-reducing admixtures are typically used to modify the flow proper-ties of the self-consolidating concrete mixture. In addition, viscosity-modifying admixtures and other changes in mixture proportions andmaterials can also influence flow properties and
41、resistance to segregation.X1.2 The stability of self-consolidating concrete can beobserved visually by examining the concrete mass and there-fore can be used for quality control of self-consolidatingconcrete mixtures. Table X1.1 contains Visual Stability Index(VSI) values with corresponding criteria
42、 to qualitatively assessthe stability of self-consolidating concrete. However, thesevalues do not quantify a concrete property.X1.3 Apparatus:X1.3.1 Inscribed base plate - a base plate as described in6.2, with a circular mark centrally located for the placement ofslump cone, and a further concentric
43、 circle at 20 in 500 mm.NOTE X1.2The centrally located circular mark made at the 20 in.500 mm location on the base plate will assist the user in determining theT50value.X1.3.2 Stop watch least reading of not more than 0.01 s.X1.4 Procedure:X1.4.1 To determine T50, use a stopwatch to measure thetime
44、in seconds it takes any part of the outer edge of thespreading concrete to reach the inscribed mark on the baseplate from the time the mold is first lifted.X1.4.2 After spreading of the concrete has stopped, visuallyinspect the concrete mixture by observing the distribution ofthe coarse aggregate wi
45、thin the concrete mass the distributionof the mortar fraction particularly along the perimeter, and thebleeding characteristics. Assign a Visual Stability Index (VSI)value to the concrete spread using the criteria shown in TableX1.1 and illustrated in Figs. X1.1-X1.4.X1.5 Recording:X1.5.1 Record T50
46、to the nearest 0. 2 second.X1.5.2 Record the VSI value.TABLE X1.1 Visual Stability Index ValuesVSI Value Criteria0 = Highly Stable No evidence of segregation or bleeding.1 = Stable No evidence of segregation and slight bleeding observedas a sheen on the concrete mass.2 = Unstable A slight mortar hal
47、o # 0.5 in.(# 10 mm) and/or aggregatepile in the of the concrete mass.3=HighlyUnstableClearly segregating by evidence of a large mortar halo 0.5 in. ( 10 mm) and/or a large aggregate pile in thecenter of the concrete mass.C 1611/C 1611M 053FIG.X1.1VSI=0Concrete Mass is Homogeneous and NoEvidence of
48、Bleeding.FIG.X1.2VSI=1Concrete Shows Slight Bleeding Observed asa Sheen on the Surface.C 1611/C 1611M 054FIG.X1.3VSI=2Evidence of a Mortar Halo and Water Sheen.FIG.X1.4VSI=3Concentration of Coarse Aggregate at Centerof Concrete Mass and Presence of a Mortar Halo.C 1611/C 1611M 055ASTM International
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