1、Designation: C 1611/C 1611M 09aStandard Test Method forSlump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1611/C 1611M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of slump flowof self-consolidating concrete.1.2 The values stated in either SI un
3、its or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 The text of this sta
4、ndard references notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
5、is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WARNINGFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and maycause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolongedexpo
6、sure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Vol
7、umetric MethodC 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology C 125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 halo, nan observed cement paste o
8、r mortar ring thathas clearly separated from the coarse aggregate, around theoutside circumference of concrete after flowing from the mold.3.2.2 spread, nthe distance of lateral flow of concreteduring the slump-flow test.3.2.3 stability, nthe ability of a concrete mixture to resistsegregation of the
9、 paste from the aggregates.3.2.4 viscosity, nresistance of a material to flow under anapplied shearing stress.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of freshly mixed concrete is placed in a moldshaped as the frustum of a cone. The concrete is placed in onelift without tamping or vibration. The mold i
10、s raised, and theconcrete allowed to spread. After spreading ceases, two diam-eters of the concrete mass are measured in approximatelyorthogonal directions, and slump flow is the average of the twodiameters.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine theslump flow o
11、f self-consolidating concrete in the laboratory orthe field.5.2 This test method is used to monitor the consistency offresh, unhardened self-consolidating concrete and its uncon-fined flow potential.5.3 It is difficult to produce self-consolidating concrete thatis both flowable and nonsegregating us
12、ing coarse aggregateslarger than 25 mm 1 in. Therefore, this test method isconsidered applicable to self-consolidating concrete havingcoarse aggregate up to 25 mm 1 in. in size. Appendix X11This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the
13、 direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.47 on Self-Consolidating Concrete.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C 1611/C 1611M 09.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Ann
14、ual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes
15、 section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.provides non-mandatory visual rating criteria that may be usedto classify the ability of a self-consolidating concrete mixtureto resist segre
16、gation (stability).5.4 The rate at which the concrete spreads is related to itsviscosity. Appendix X1 provides a non-mandatory procedurethat may be used to provide an indication of relative viscosityof self-consolidating concrete mixtures.6. Apparatus6.1 MoldThe mold used in this test method shall c
17、onformto that described in Test Method C 143/C 143M.6.2 Base PlateThe base plate on which the mold restsshall be nonabsorbent, smooth, rigid, and have a minimumdiameter of 915 mm 36 in. (See Note 1).NOTE 1Field experience and results from the round robin testprogram have shown that base plates made
18、from sealed/laminatedplywood, acrylic plastic, or steel are suitable for performing this test.6.3 Strike-off BarAs described in Test Method C 173/C 173M.7. Sample7.1 The sample of concrete from which test specimens aremade shall be representative of the entire batch. It shall beobtained in accordanc
19、e with Practice C 172.8. Procedure8.1 Perform the test on a flat, level, nonabsorbent surfacesuch as a concrete floor or a base plate. Use the base plate inconditions where a flat, level surface is not available, such ason a construction site. When the base plate is used, position andshim the base p
20、late so that it is fully supported, flat, and level.Pre-moisten the work surface or base plate with a damp towel,rag, or sponge.8.1.1 When performing the slump flow test for a given studyor project, do not change the base plate surface type for theduration of the study or project.8.2 Filling the Mol
21、d: Fill the mold by following eitherProcedure A or Procedure B (See Note 2).8.2.1 Filling Procedure A (Upright Mold): Dampen themold and place it on the work surface, or centered on the baseplate, with the larger opening facing down. Hold the moldfirmly in place during filling by standing on the two
22、 footpieces. Fill the mold in a continuous manner (See Note 3).Overfill the mold slightly above its top.8.2.2 Filling Procedure B (Inverted Mold): Dampen themold and place it on the work surface, or centered on the baseplate, with the smaller opening facing down (See Note 4). Fillthe mold in a conti
23、nuous manner (See Note 3). Overfill themold slightly above its top.NOTE 2During the development of this test method, it was found thatsome of the users preferred to perform the test with the large opening ofthe mold facing down as is performed in Test Method C 143/C 143M. Theprovision of a collar to
24、 the top of the mold is useful to reduce theprobability of concrete spilling over the mold and on to the base plate.Other users preferred to place the mold with the smaller opening facedown, which facilitates the ease of filling. Both filling procedures havebeen found to be suitable when performing
25、this test. The precisionstatement in Section 10 reflects the use of both procedures. Test data usingthe two filling procedures can be obtained in the round robin test reportavailable from ASTM headquarters.NOTE 3Filling the mold with concrete by using multiple scoops or bypouring from a bucket or si
26、milar container has been found to beacceptable.NOTE 4As a precaution, when filling the mold in the inverted position,the mold may be supported to prevent accidental movement or tipping.Experienced users of this test method have found that it is not necessaryto support the mold.8.3 Strike off the sur
27、face of the concrete level with the topof the mold by a sawing motion of the strike-off bar. Removeconcrete from the area surrounding the base of the mold topreclude interference with the movement of the flowingconcrete. Remove the mold from the concrete by raising itvertically. Raise the mold a dis
28、tance of 225 6 75 mm 9 6 3in. in 3 6 1 s by a steady upward lift with no lateral ortorsional motion. Complete the entire test from the start offilling through removal of the mold without interruption withinan elapsed time of 212 min.8.4 Wait for the concrete to stop flowing and then measurethe large
29、st diameter (d1) of the resulting circular spread ofconcrete. When a halo is observed in the resulting circularspread of concrete, it shall be included as part of the diameterof the concrete. Measure a second diameter (d2) of the circularspread at an angle approximately perpendicular to the firstmea
30、sured diameter (d1). Measure the diameters to the nearest 5mm 14 in. Determine the Slump flow in accordance withSection 9.8.5 If the measurement of the two diameters differs by morethan 50 mm 2 in., the test is invalid and shall be repeated.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the slump flow using Eq 1:Slump
31、 flow 5d11 d2!/2 (1)where:d1= the largest diameter of the circular spread of theconcrete, andd2= the circular spread of the concrete at an angle approxi-mately perpendicular to d19.2 Record the average of the two diameters to the nearest10 mm (12 in.).10. Report10.1 Report the filling procedure (A o
32、r B) used.10.2 Report the slump flow to the nearest 10 mm 12 in.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test method was determined basedon the results obtained from a round robin test programconducted by members of the ASTM C09.47 subcommittee onJanuary 9, 2003. The round robin test program
33、 consisted ofusing single and multiple operators performing 3 replicas of thetest using the mold in both the upright and inverted positions.The tests were performed using self-consolidating concretewith high and low levels of slump flow and on stable andunstable mixes. Complete details of the round
34、robin testprogram are available from ASTM headquarters in a reportentitled “Report on Development of a Precision Statement forthe Slump Flow Test Method for Self-Consolidating Concrete.”C 1611/C 1611M 09a211.2 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operator preci-sion statement reflects the use of both
35、 procedures A and B. Thesingle-operator standard deviation for slump flow has beenfound to be 27 mm 1.1 in. (See Note 5) for mixtures havingslump flow values between approximately 480 and 680 mm 19and 27 in. Therefore, results of two properly conducted testsby the same operator on the same batch of
36、concrete should notdiffer by more than 75 mm 3.0 in. (See Note 5).11.3 Multi-Operator PrecisionThe multi-operator preci-sion statement reflects the use of both procedures A and B. Themulti-operator standard deviation for slump flow has beenfound to be 27 mm 1.1 in. (See Note 5) for mixtures withslum
37、p flow values between approximately 530 and 740 mm 21and 29 in. Therefore, the results of properly conducted testsby two operators on the same batch of concrete should notdiffer by more than 75 mm 3.0 in. (See Note 5).NOTE 5These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s)limits as described
38、 in Practice C 670.11.4 BiasThe procedure used in this test method has nobias since slump flow is defined only in terms of this testmethod.12. Keywords12.1 halo; self-consolidating concrete; slump flow; spread;stability; viscosity; visual stability indexAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RELATIVE
39、 MEASURE OF FLOW RATE, VISCOSITY, AND STABILITYX1.1 The flow rate of a self-consolidating concrete mixtureis influenced by its viscosity. Hence, for the purpose ofdeveloping a self-consolidating concrete mixture in the labo-ratory, a relative measure of viscosity is useful. When perform-ing the slum
40、p flow test, the time it takes for the outer edge ofthe concrete mass, to reach a diameter of 500 mm 20 in. fromthe time the mold is first raised, provides a relative measure ofthe unconfined flow rate of the concrete mixture. For similarmaterials, this time period, termed T50, gives an indication o
41、fthe relative viscosity of the self-consolidating concrete mix-ture.NOTE X1.1The T50value can provide information on the flowproperties of the self-consolidating concrete mixture, whereby longervalues normally correspond to increased viscosity. Special high-rangewater-reducing admixtures are typical
42、ly used to modify the flow proper-ties of the self-consolidating concrete mixture. In addition, viscosity-modifying admixtures and other changes in mixture proportions andmaterials can also influence flow properties and resistance to segregation.X1.2 The stability of self-consolidating concrete can
43、beobserved visually by examining the concrete mass and there-fore can be used for quality control of self-consolidatingconcrete mixtures. Table X1.1 contains Visual Stability Index(VSI) values with corresponding criteria to qualitatively assessthe stability of self-consolidating concrete. However, t
44、hesevalues do not quantify a concrete property.X1.3 Apparatus:X1.3.1 Inscribed base plate - a base plate as described in6.2, with a circular mark centrally located for the placement ofmold, and a further concentric circle at 500 mm 20 in.NOTE X1.2The centrally located circular mark made at the 500 m
45、m20 in. location on the base plate will assist the user in determining theT50value.X1.3.2 Stop watch least reading of not more than 0.01 s.X1.4 Procedure:X1.4.1 To determine T50, use a stopwatch to measure thetime in seconds it takes any part of the outer edge of thespreading concrete to reach the i
46、nscribed mark on the baseplate from the time the mold is first lifted.X1.4.2 After spreading of the concrete has stopped, visuallyinspect the concrete mixture by observing the distribution ofthe coarse aggregate within the concrete mass the distributionof the mortar fraction particularly along the p
47、erimeter, and thebleeding characteristics. Assign a Visual Stability Index (VSI)value to the concrete spread using the criteria shown in TableX1.1 and illustrated in Figs. X1.1-X1.4.X1.5 Recording:X1.5.1 Record T50to the nearest 0. 2 second.X1.5.2 Record the VSI value.TABLE X1.1 Visual Stability Ind
48、ex ValuesVSI Value Criteria0 = Highly Stable No evidence of segregation or bleeding.1 = Stable No evidence of segregation and slight bleeding observedas a sheen on the concrete mass.2 = Unstable A slight mortar halo # 10 mm # 0.5 in. and/or aggregatepile in the of the concrete mass.3=HighlyUnstableC
49、learly segregating by evidence of a large mortar halo 10 mm 0.5 in. and/or a large aggregate pile in thecenter of the concrete mass.C 1611/C 1611M 09a3FIG.X1.1VSI=0Concrete Mass is Homogeneous and NoEvidence of Bleeding.FIG.X1.2VSI=1Concrete Shows Slight Bleeding Observed asa Sheen on the Surface.C 1611/C 1611M 09a4FIG.X1.3VSI=2Evidence of a Mortar Halo and Water Sheen.FIG.X1.4VSI=3Concentration of Coarse Aggregate at Centerof Concrete Mass and Presence of a Mortar Halo.C 1611/C 1611M 09a5SUMMARY OF CHANGE
