1、Designation: C1617 09C1617 15Standard Practice forQuantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation ofExtraction Solutions Containing Ions Leached from ThermalInsulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Metals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1617; the number immediately following the design
2、ation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures
3、for a quantitative accelerated laboratory evaluation of the influence of extraction solutionscontaining ions leached from thermal insulation on the aqueous corrosion of metals. The primary intent of the practice is for usewith thermal insulation and associated materials that contribute to, or altern
4、atively inhibit, the aqueous corrosion of different typesand grades of metals due to soluble ions that are leached by water from within the insulation. The quantitative evaluation criteriaare Mass Loss Corrosion Rate (MLCR) expressed in mils per year determined from the weight loss due to corrosion
5、of exposedmetal coupons after they are cleaned.1.2 The insulation extraction solutions prepared for use in the test can be altered by the addition of corrosive ions to the solutionsto simulate contamination from an external source. Ions expected to provide corrosion inhibition can be added to invest
6、igate theirinhibitory effect.1.3 Prepared laboratory standard solutions are used as reference solutions and controls, to provide a means of calibration andcomparison. See Fig. 1 and Table 1.1.4 Other liquids can be tested for their potential corrosiveness including cooling tower water, boiler feed,
7、and chemical stocks.Added chemical inhibitors or protective coatings applied to the metal can also be evaluated using the general guidelines of thepractice.1.5 This practice cannot cover all possible field conditions that contribute to aqueous corrosion. The intent is to provide anaccelerated means
8、to obtain a non-subjective numeric value for judging the potential contribution to the corrosion of metals thatcan come from ions contained in thermal insulation materials or other experimental solutions. The calculated numeric value is themass loss corrosion rate. This calculation is based on gener
9、al corrosion spread equally over the test duration and the exposed areaof the experimental cells created for the test. Corrosion found in field situations and this accelerated test also involves pitting andedge effects and the rate changes over time.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to b
10、e regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof
11、 the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and SeamlessA105/A105M Sp
12、ecification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping ApplicationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus1 This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation
13、and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and PhysicalProperties.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009March 1, 2015. Published November 2009.April 2015.Originally . Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in20052009 as C1617C161705.09. DOI: 10.1520/C1617
14、-09.10.1520/C1617-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard an
15、d is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only
16、the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Light Frame Construc
17、tion and Manufactured HousingC692 Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal Insulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Tendency ofAustenitic Stainless SteelC739 Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Loose-Fill Thermal InsulationC795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Conta
18、ct with Austenitic Stainless SteelC871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, andSodium IonsD609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related CoatingProductsG1
19、 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test SpecimensG16 Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion DataG31 Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of MetalsG46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:Refer to T
20、erminology C168 for definitions relating to insulation.NOTE 1The Fig. 1 bar graph was created using the MLCR data shown in Table 1. Standard reference tests using de-ionized water, 1 ppm, 5 ppm,and 10 ppm chloride solutions were performed on mild carbon steel coupons. The calculated MLCR test result
21、s for mild carbon steel coupons wereseparated into four ranges. The rating criteria ranges were developed to accommodate the results obtained using this practice on the reference standardsand experimental insulation samples. The ranges used are: MLCR = 0 to 15 mils = range A; MLCR = 15.1 to 35 mils
22、= range B; MLCR = 35.1 to 60mils = range C, MLCR = 60.1 and higher = range D. The bars on the graph represent the total number of occurrences within the range for each of thereference solutions.NOTE 2It is necessary for each laboratory to develop their own data, with their own individual plate or pl
23、ates, metal, operators, cleaning procedures,and environmental conditions to establish the ranges of MLCR calculated for the reference standards. The insulation or other test solutions are thenonlyevaluated against the reference solution results. results run at the same time.FIG. 1 Standard Reference
24、 TestsUncertainty TestC1617 1524. Summary of Practice4.1 The practice uses controlled amounts of test solutions delivered drip wise onto a defined area of small flat coupons ofselected test metals for the purpose of producing, comparing, and measuring the corrosion that occurs on the metals due to t
25、heexposure. Preparation of the coupons includes sanding to remove oxidation and contamination and making the surface uniform andreproducible.4.2 The test is conducted at elevated temperatures, greatly accelerating the corrosion in comparison with corrosion at roomtemperature. The heat makes the solu
26、tion evaporate quickly, allowing an air (oxygen) interface and making thousands ofwet-dry-wet cycles possible in a short time.TABLE 1 Mass Loss Corrosion Rate (MLCR) Calculated UsingPractice G1 (see Section 12)NOTE 1MLCR expressed in mils per year.0-ppmDe-ionizedWater1-ppmChlorideSolution5-ppmChlori
27、deSolution10-ppmChlorideSolution19.02 35.17 57.31 62.6111.68 29.87 40.91 56.4814.04 33.00 66.76 110.5412.13 37.91 52.46 131.3512.45 29.80 16.53 52.2714.42 22.72 42.51 35.426.13 35.42 76.33 67.0113.27 31.78 111.82 57.4821.25 17.04 42.19 98.927.59 37.78 44.42 132.3512.83 32.55 53.61 61.526.70 36.12 54
28、.25 36.4216.08 25.66 41.87 90.4419.02 14.93 54.50 95.4811.42 31.08 65.67 63.4414.81 34.21 70.46 99.639.38 34.46 42.57 69.6318.38 36.06 63.44 107.288.62 27.38 50.10 58.848.49 24.19 48.63 65.1012.13 15.25 55.40 64.275.36 33.70 69.12 71.294.66 32.10 39.06 78.375.55 35.04 43.21 88.526.57 22.98 41.93 30.
29、575.87 39.44 36.76 39.257.21 35.04 25.66 50.936.45 34.66 30.06 128.413.45 41.48 41.68 97.522.30 41.55 29.61 98.0311.93 42.70 38.74 82.849.19 33.32 38.10 105.3113.15 28.98 33.00 96.5014.10 21.38 58.27 84.5012.25 16.08 39.31 59.5512.25 17.17 40.78 45.579.96 32.42 48.25 56.804.60 34.72 23.10 63.633.70
30、34.02 27.19 67.012.43 33.38 35.61 48.823.32 25.66 77.16 75.761.21 33.12 30.76 48.951.28 44.04 42.575.87 37.46 42.637.15 23.36 41.613.96 28.15 61.2711.23 25.02 27.7610.02 36.83 49.2710.28 21.64 67.659.38 27.63 68.5412.25 18.51 42.449.38 40.1436.7654.1267.40Average and (Standard Deviation)9.5 (4.8) 30
31、.5 (7.4) 48.0 (16.4) 74.6 (26.0)C1617 1534.3 Quantitative measurements of corrosion are determined from the weight change (loss) due to the corrosion of the testedcoupons. Reference tests prepared with known concentrations of solutions that are conducive to the corrosion of the tested metalare compa
32、red with water solutions containing ions extracted from insulation samples. Calculations of MLCR in mils-per-year(MPY) made using the methods of Practice G1 are reported as the quantitative measurement.5. Significance and Use5.1 Corrosion associated with insulation is an important concern for insula
33、tion manufacturers, specification writers, designers,contractors, users and operators of the equipment. Some material specifications contain test methods (or reference test methodscontained in other material specifications), for use in evaluating the insulation with regard to the corrosion of steel,
34、 copper, andaluminum. In some cases these tests are not applicable or effective and have not been evaluated for precision and bias.5.2 A properly selected, installed, and maintained insulation system will reduce the corrosion that often occurs on anun-insulated structure. However, when the protectiv
35、e weather-resistant covering of an insulation system fails, the conditions forthe aqueous environment necessary for corrosion under insulation (CUI) often develop. It is possible the insulation contains,collects, or concentrates corrosive agents, or a combination thereof, often found in industrial a
36、nd coastal environments. If wateris not present, these electrolytes cannot migrate to the metal surface. The electrochemical reaction resulting in the aqueouscorrosion of metal surfaces cannot take place in the absence of water and electrolytes. Additional environmental factorscontributing to increa
37、sed corrosion rates are oxygen, and elevated-temperature (near boiling point).5.3 Chlorides and other corrosive ions are common to many environments. The primary corrosion preventative is to protectinsulation and metal from contamination and moisture. Insulation covers, jackets, and metal coating of
38、 various kinds are often usedto prevent water infiltration and contact with the metal.5.4 This procedure can be used to evaluate all types of thermal insulation and fireproofing materials (industrial, commercial,residential, cryogenic, fire-resistive, insulating cement) manufactured using inorganic
39、or organic materials.materials, faced orunfaced, for which a filtered extraction solution can be obtained.5.5 This procedure can be used with all metal types for which a coupon can be prepared such as mild steel, stainless steel,copper, or aluminum.5.6 This procedure can also be applicable to insula
40、tion accessories including jacketing, covers, adhesives, cements, and bindersassociated with insulation and insulation products.5.7 Heat treatment of the insulation (as recommended by the manufacturer up to the maximum potential exposure temperature)can be used to simulate possible conditions of use
41、.5.8 Adhesives can be tested by first drying followed by water extraction or by applying a known quantity of the test adhesiveto a test piece of insulation and then extracting.5.9 Insulating cements can be tested by casting a slab, drying, and extracting or by using the uncured insulating cement pow
42、derfor extraction.5.10 Reference tests prepared with various concentrations of solutions that are conducive to the corrosion of the tested metalserve as comparative standards. Solutions containing chloride, sodium hydroxide, various acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, andcitric acid), as well as
43、“blank” tests using only de-ionized water and tap water are used.5.11 Research can be done on insulation that has been specially formulated to inhibit corrosion in the presence of corrosive ionsthrough modifications in basic composition or incorporation of certain chemical additives. Corrosive ions
44、can also be added to theinsulation extraction solutions to determine the effectiveness of any inhibitors present.5.12 Protective surface treatments and coatings of different types and thickness can be applied to the metal coupons andcompared using various corrosive liquids.5.13 Several sets of tests
45、 are recommended because of the number of factors that affect corrosion. An average of the tests andthe standard deviation between the test results are used on the data. Much of the corrosion literature recommends a minimum ofthree specimens for every test. Consult Guide G16 for additional statistic
46、al methods to apply to the corrosion data.5.14 Results from this accelerated corrosion test shall not be considered as an indicator of the useful life of the metal equipment.Many factors need consideration for applicability to specific circumstances. Refer to Practice G31 for additional information.
47、6. Apparatus6.1 The test apparatus must be housed in a reasonably clean and non-dusty environment to avoid any effects of contaminants.6.2 Electrically Heated ThermostaticallyTemperature Controlled Flat Hot Plate (see Appendix X1)A1-ft (30.5-cm) square orcircular plate that has uniform temperature a
48、cross the surface provides the heated environment. See Appendix X1 for constructdesign and sources of assembled systems. Larger plates for testing more coupons are not excluded.C1617 1546.3 Peristaltic Pump (see Appendix X1)A multi-channel peristaltic pump with individual cassettes and silicone tube
49、s isrecommended to supply 250 (625) mL/day to each specimen.6.4 Silicone Rubber Tubing (see Appendix X1), to deliver fluid to the test coupons.6.5 Miniature Barbed Fitting (see Appendix X1), for connections of tubing (116 by 116 in.)(0.16 by 0.16 cm).6.6 Band Saw.6.7 Balance, capable of 0.0001 (60.0002) g mass determination.6.8 Wet-Grinding Belt Grinder/Sander, with used 80-grit (a belt previously used to make Test Method C692 stainless steelcoupons is acceptable) or new 120-grit wet belt.6.9 Drying Oven.6.10 Bottles, plastic 1 L or equivalent, to individually supply ea
