1、Designation: C1623 16C1623 17Standard Specification forManufactured Concrete Masonry Lintels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers concrete masonry lintels (beams) that are solid in cross-section, are reinforced for flexure, and aremade from
3、 hydraulic cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. These lintels aresuitable for both loadbearing and nonloadbearing applications.NOTE 1This specification covers only concrete masonry lintels containing reinforcement. Due to building code imposed limit
4、ations on the design ofmasonry lintels, all lintels must contain reinforcement. Concrete masonry lintels are not typically manufactured using shear reinforcement (stirrups orother vertical reinforcement). Therefore, this standard does not address issues related to such. For further guidance, refer t
5、o Building Code Requirementsfor Masonry Structures, TMS 402. Prestressed concrete lintels are not covered by this standard.1.2 Lintels are manufactured using a no-slump concrete mix to provide a surface texture similar to that of concrete masonry.This specification applies to both machine-made and h
6、and-tamped concrete masonry lintels intended for use in concrete masonryapplications.1.3 Concrete masonry lintels covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.1.4 This specification does not address the design or analysis of lintel capacity. Structural
7、 evaluations must be performedseparately. The strength of a lintel is a function of factors including, but not limited to, the characteristics of the materials usedin manufacturing (concrete materials and reinforcement), the amount and location of reinforcement, and the manufacturing andcuring proce
8、dures. For design and analysis methods, refer to Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures, TMS 402.1.5 This specification does not cover U-shaped lintels or those of other cross-sections that are not 100 % solid.1.6 This specification does not cover lintels of grouted concrete masonry linte
9、ls, or precast or cast-in-place lintels of slumpconcrete.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.8 The values stated in i
10、nch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars
11、for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA996/A996M Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing
12、Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry UnitsC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979 Speci
13、fication for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 onConcrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016Jan. 1, 201
14、7. Published January 2017. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 asC1623 11.C1623 16. DOI: 10.1520/C1623-11.10.1520/C1623-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A
15、STM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically
16、possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standar
17、dCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Use
18、d in Cementitious MixturesC1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and RelatedConcrete Units2.2 Other Standards:3TMS 402 Building Code Requirements for Masonry StructuresTMS 602 Specification for Masonry Structures3. Terminology3.1 Termin
19、ology defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply for this specification.4. Material4.1 Cementitious MaterialsMaterials shall conform to the following applicable specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150.4.1.2 Modified Portland CementPortland cement conforming to Specification C150, modifi
20、ed as follows:(1) LimestoneIf calcium carbonate is added to the cement, the CaCO3 content shall be not less than 85 %.(2) Limitation on Insoluble Residue1.5 %.(3) Limitation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent, 22 % max.(4) Limitation on Loss on Ignition7 %.4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecific
21、ation C5954.1.4 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.5 PozzolansSpecification C618.4.1.6 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace SlagSpecification C989.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpecification C1240.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the following specifications, except that grading requirements shall notne
22、cessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C33.4.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecification C331.4.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979.4.4 Steel ReinforcementSteel reinforcement shall consist of deformed bars conforming to Specifications A615/A615M,A706/A706M,
23、or A996/A996M.4.5 Other ConstituentsAir-entraining agents, integral water repellents, and other constituents shall be previously establishedas suitable for use in concrete masonry lintels and shall conform to applicable ASTM standards or shall be shown by test orexperience not to be detrimental to t
24、he durability of the concrete masonry lintels or any material customarily used in masonryconstruction.5. Physical Requirements5.1 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, the concrete within the lintel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table1.3 Available from The Masonry Society, 105
25、South Sunset Street, Suite Q, Longmont, CO 805016172, https:/www.masonrysociety.org.TABLE 1 Strength, Absorption, and Density Classification RequirementsADensity Classification Oven-Dry Densityof Concrete, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)Maximum WaterAbsorption, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)Minimum Net AreaCompressive Strength,psi
26、(MPa)Average of3 SpecimensBAverage of3 SpecimensBIndividualSpecimenBAverage of3 SpecimensBIndividualSpecimenBLightweight Less than105 (1680) 18 (288) 20 (320) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)Medium Weight 105 to less than 125 (16802000) 15 (240) 17 (272) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)Normal Weight 125 (2000) or mor
27、e 13 (208) 15 (240) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)A Consult manufacturers for available densities.B Refer to section 9.2.1 for specimen requirements.C1623 1725.1.1 When higher compressive strengths than those listed in Table 1 are specified, the tested average net area compressivestrength of three specimen
28、s shall equal or exceed the specified compressive strength, and the tested individual specimen net areacompressive strength of all three units shall exceed 90 % of the specified compressive strength.NOTE 2When particular features are desired such as surface textures for appearance or bond, finish, c
29、olor, or particular properties such as specificreinforcing schedules, flexural strength, weight per unit length, higher compressive strength, or fire resistance, these features are specified separately bythe purchaser. Consult suppliers as to the availability of lintels having the desired features.5
30、.2 All lintels shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere with proper placement unless defects areconsidered to be not detrimental to structural capacity of the lintel before or after defects are repaired using practices satisfactoryto the engineer.NOTE 3The purchaser is the p
31、ublic body or authority, association, corporation, partnership, or individual entering into a contract or agreement topurchase or install, or both, concrete masonry lintels. The time of delivery to the purchaser is FOB plant when the purchaser or the purchasers agenttransports the concrete masonry l
32、intels, or at the time unloaded at the worksite if the manufacturer or the manufacturers agent transports the concretemasonry lintels.NOTE 4When these lintels are used in above-grade applications as part of a vertical, free-draining assemblage, the physical requirements in thisspecification have bee
33、n shown to result in durable products. In applications where the lintels are frequently exposed to deicing chemicals or saturatedconditions in conjunction with freezing and thawing temperatures, testing should be considered to evaluate freezing and thawing resistance using ASTMC1262.6. Permissible V
34、ariations in Dimensions6.1 Overall dimensions for width, and height shall differ by not more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standarddimensions. Overall dimension for length shall differ by not more than 0.5 % from the specified length.6.2 Warpage6.2.1 The longitudinal straightness of each
35、of the four faces shall not deviate from a straight line more than 14 in. (6 mm) over10 ft (3.05 m). Measure deviations with lintel resting on flat, horizontal surface.6.2.2 The cross-section of the lintel shall not deviate from square more than 18 in. (3 mm) over 8 in. (203 mm) in height.7. Require
36、ments for Reinforcement7.1 Reinforcement and its placement shall comply with Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures, TMS 402 andSpecification for Masonry Structures, TMS 602 with the following exceptions.7.1.1 Specified vertical depth of longitudinal reinforcement shall be equal to or gre
37、ater than the specified depth minus 0.5 in.(12.7 mm) (Fig. 1a).7.1.2 When a single longitudinal reinforcing bar is used at a given depth, the specified horizontal depth of that reinforcementshall be 61 in. (25.4 in.) from the specified depth (Fig. 1b).7.1.3 When multiple longitudinal reinforcing bar
38、s are used at a given depth, the specified horizontal depth of each bar shall beequal to or greater than the specified depth minus 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) (Fig. 1c).7.2 Splicing of reinforcing bars is not permitted.7.1 End of reinforcing bars shall be terminated not less than 1.5 in. (38 mm) and not more
39、than 3 in. (76 mm) from the endof the lintel. These requirements do not apply to non-structural reinforcing bars (i.e. those used to facilitate handling andtransportation) nor to those reinforcing bars manufactured to extend past the end of theReinforcement and its placement shallcomply with Buildin
40、g Code Requirements for Masonry Structures, TMS 402 and Specification for Masonry Structures, TMS 602with the following exceptions. See Appendix X1lintel. for further guidance.NOTE 5Lintels are sometimes manufactured with reinforcing bars extending past the end of the lintel. Consult applicable code
41、s to determine if suchbars need to be embedded in grout or otherwise connected to the structure or protected.7.1.1 Actual vertical depth of longitudinal reinforcement shall be within 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of the specified depth.7.1.2 End of reinforcing bars shall be terminated not more than 3 in. (76 mm
42、) from the end of the lintel.NOTE 5Lintels are sometimes manufactured with reinforcing bars extending past the end of the lintel. Consult applicable codes to determine if suchbars need to be embedded in grout or otherwise connected to the structure or protected.7.2 Manufacturer shall maintain record
43、s of mill certifications for reinforcement and shall make such records available on requestby the purchaser.8. Finish and Appearance8.1 Where lintels are to be used in exposed wall construction, the face or faces that are to be exposed shall not show chips orcracks, not otherwise permitted, or other
44、 imperfections when viewed from a distance of not less than 20 ft (6.1 m) under diffusedlighting.8.2 The purchaser shall specify the color and texture of lintels. The finished surfaces that will be exposed in place shall conformto an approved sample consisting of not less than four lintels, represen
45、ting the range of texture and color permitted on the project.C1623 1739. Sampling and Testing9.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall be accorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the lintels at the placeof manufacture from the lots ready for delivery.9.2 Sample and test lintels fo
46、r compression and absorption in accordance withTest Methods C140 with the following deviations.9.2.1 Compression tests shall be performed on three specimens, each measuring nominally 4 in. (100 mm) in width, 8 in. (200mm) in length and 8 in. (200 mm) in height. The aspect ratio of each test specimen
47、 (measured height divided by measured width)shall by 2.0 6 0.1. The height of the specimen shall be in the same orientation as the height of the lintel. One specimen shall besaw-cut from each of three lintels with or without horizontal reinforcing bars within the specimen.NOTE 6Because concrete maso
48、nry lintels contain reinforcing steel it is often impractical to obtain compression specimens that do not containreinforcement. Saw-cuts that are made perpendicular to the length of the reinforcement do not typically damage the integrity of the compression specimenbeing removed if the blade is sharp
49、 and in good working order. Horizontal reinforcing bars that are oriented perpendicular to the direction of compressionloading do not significantly affect the tested strength of the specimen.9.2.2 Absorption tests shall be performed on three specimens, each having greater than 200 in3 (3280 cm3) in volume. Onespecimen shall be saw-cut from each of three lintels. The specimen shall be cut such that it does not contain reinforcing bars.NOTE 7A specimen measuring nominally 4 in. (100 mm) in width, 8 in. (200 mm) in length and 8 in. (200 mm) in he
