1、Designation: C1623 17C1623 17aStandard Specification forManufactured Concrete Masonry Lintels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers concrete masonry lintels (beams) that are solid in cross-section, are reinforced for flexure, and aremade fro
3、m hydraulic cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. These lintels aresuitable for both loadbearing and nonloadbearing applications.NOTE 1This specification covers only concrete masonry lintels containing reinforcement. Due to building code imposed limi
4、tations on the design ofmasonry lintels, all lintels must contain reinforcement. Concrete masonry lintels are not typically manufactured using shear reinforcement (stirrups orother vertical reinforcement). Therefore, this standard does not address issues related to such. For further guidance, refer
5、to Building Code Requirementsfor Masonry Structures, TMS 402. Prestressed concrete lintels are not covered by this standard.1.2 Lintels are manufactured using a no-slump concrete mix to provide a surface texture similar to that of concrete masonry.This specification applies to both machine-made and
6、hand-tamped concrete masonry lintels intended for use in concrete masonryapplications.1.3 Concrete masonry lintels covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.1.4 This specification does not address the design or analysis of lintel capacity. Structura
7、l evaluations must be performedseparately. The strength of a lintel is a function of factors including, but not limited to, the characteristics of the materials usedin manufacturing (concrete materials and reinforcement), the amount and location of reinforcement, and the manufacturing andcuring proc
8、edures. For design and analysis methods, refer to Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures, TMS 402.1.5 This specification does not cover U-shaped lintels or those of other cross-sections that are not 100 % solid.1.6 This specification does not cover lintels of grouted concrete masonry lint
9、els, or precast or cast-in-place lintels of slumpconcrete.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.8 The values stated in
10、inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on st
11、andardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Pla
12、in Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA996/A996M Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140 Test Methods for
13、Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibili
14、ty of Subcommittee C15.03 onConcrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017Aug. 1, 2017. Published January 2017August 2017. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 asC1623 16.C1623 17. DOI: 10.1520/C1623-17.10.1520/C1623-17A.2 For refere
15、ncedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the
16、 user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standar
17、d as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Spe
18、cification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1232 Terminology for MasonryC1240
19、Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious MixturesC1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and RelatedConcrete Units2.2 Other Standards:3TMS 402 Building Code Requirements for Masonry StructuresTMS 602 Specification for Masonry S
20、tructures3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply for this specification.4. Material4.1 Cementitious MaterialsMaterials shall conform to the following applicable specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150.4.1.2 Modified Portland CementPortland cement conform
21、ing to Specification C150, modified as follows:(1) LimestoneIf calcium carbonate is added to the cement, the CaCO3 content shall be not less than 85 %.(2) Limitation on Insoluble Residue1.5 %.(3) Limitation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent, 22 % max.(4) Limitation on Loss on Ignition7 %.4.1.3
22、Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecification C5954.1.4 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.5 PozzolansSpecification C618.4.1.6 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace SlagSpecification C989.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpecification C1240.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the following specifications, except that
23、 grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C33.4.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecification C331.4.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979.4.4 Steel ReinforcementSteel reinforcement shall consist of deformed bars conforming to Speci
24、fications A615/A615M,A706/A706M, or A996/A996M.4.5 Other ConstituentsAir-entraining agents, integral water repellents, and other constituents shall be previously establishedas suitable for use in concrete masonry lintels and shall conform to applicable ASTM standards or shall be shown by test orexpe
25、rience not to be detrimental to the durability of the concrete masonry lintels or any material customarily used in masonryconstruction.5. Physical Requirements5.1 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, the concrete within the lintel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table1.5.1.1 Whe
26、n higher compressive strengths than those listed in Table 1 are specified, the tested average net area compressivestrength of three specimens shall equal or exceed the specified compressive strength, and the tested individual specimen net areacompressive strength of all three units shall exceed 90 %
27、 of the specified compressive strength.NOTE 2When particular features are desired such as surface textures for appearance or bond, finish, color, or particular properties such as specificreinforcing schedules, flexural strength, weight per unit length, higher compressive strength, or fire resistance
28、, these features are specified separately bythe purchaser. Consult suppliers as to the availability of lintels having the desired features.5.2 All lintels shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere with proper placement unless defects areconsidered to be not detrimental to str
29、uctural capacity of the lintel before or after defects are repaired using practices satisfactoryto the engineer.NOTE 3The purchaser is the public body or authority, association, corporation, partnership, or individual entering into a contract or agreement to3 Available from The Masonry Society, 105
30、South Sunset Street, Suite Q, Longmont, CO 805016172, https:/www.masonrysociety.org.C1623 17a2purchase or install, or both, concrete masonry lintels. The time of delivery to the purchaser is FOB plant when the purchaser or the purchasers agenttransports the concrete masonry lintels, or at the time u
31、nloaded at the worksite if the manufacturer or the manufacturers agent transports the concretemasonry lintels.NOTE 4When these lintels are used in above-grade applications as part of a vertical, free-draining assemblage, the physical requirements in thisspecification have been shown to result in dur
32、able products. In applications where the lintels are frequently exposed to deicing chemicals or saturatedconditions in conjunction with freezing and thawing temperatures, testing should be considered to evaluate freezing and thawing resistance using ASTMC1262.6. Permissible Variations in Dimensions6
33、.1 Overall dimensions for width, and height shall differ by not more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standarddimensions. Overall dimension for length shall differ by not more than 0.5 % from the specified length.6.2 Warpage6.2.1 The longitudinal straightness of each of the four faces shall
34、not deviate from a straight line more than 14 in. (6 mm) over10 ft (3.05 m). Measure deviations with lintel resting on flat, horizontal surface.6.2.2 The cross-section of the lintel shall not deviate from square more than 18 in. (3 mm) over 8 in. (203 mm) in height.7. Requirements for Reinforcement7
35、.1 Reinforcement and its placement shall comply with Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures, TMS 402 andSpecification for Masonry Structures, TMS 602 with the following exceptions. See Appendix X1 for further guidance.7.1.1 Actual vertical depth of longitudinal reinforcement shall be with
36、in 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of the specified depth.7.1.2 End of reinforcing bars shall be terminated not more than 3 in. (76 mm) from the end of the lintel.NOTE 5Lintels are sometimes manufactured with reinforcing bars extending past the end of the lintel. Consult applicable codes to determine if suchbars
37、need to be embedded in grout or otherwise connected to the structure or protected.7.2 Manufacturer shall maintain records of mill certifications for reinforcement and shall make such records available on requestby the purchaser.8. Finish and Appearance8.1 Where lintels are to be used in exposed wall
38、 construction, the face or faces that are to be exposed shall not show chips orcracks, not otherwise permitted, or other imperfections when viewed from a distance of not less than 20 ft (6.1 m) under diffusedlighting.8.2 The purchaser shall specify the color and texture of lintels. The finished surf
39、aces that will be exposed in place shall conformto an approved sample consisting of not less than four lintels, representing the range of texture and color permitted on the project.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall be accorded proper facilities to inspect an
40、d sample the lintels at the placeof manufacture from the lots ready for delivery.9.2 Sample and test lintels for compression and absorption in accordance withTest Methods C140 with the following deviations.9.2.1 Compression tests shall be performed on three specimens, each measuring nominally 4 in.
41、(100 mm) in width, 8 in. (200mm) in length and 8 in. (200 mm) in height. The aspect ratio of each test specimen (measured height divided by measured width)shall by 2.0 6 0.1. The height of the specimen shall be in the same orientation as the height of the lintel. One specimen shall besaw-cut from ea
42、ch of three lintels with or without horizontal reinforcing bars within the specimen.NOTE 6Because concrete masonry lintels contain reinforcing steel it is often impractical to obtain compression specimens that do not containreinforcement. Saw-cuts that are made perpendicular to the length of the rei
43、nforcement do not typically damage the integrity of the compression specimenbeing removed if the blade is sharp and in good working order. Horizontal reinforcing bars that are oriented perpendicular to the direction of compressionloading do not significantly affect the tested strength of the specime
44、n.TABLE 1 Strength, Absorption, and Density Classification RequirementsADensity Classification Oven-Dry Densityof Concrete, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)Maximum WaterAbsorption, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)Minimum Net AreaCompressive Strength,psi (MPa)Average of3 SpecimensBAverage of3 SpecimensBIndividualSpecimenBAverage of3 Sp
45、ecimensBIndividualSpecimenBLightweight Less than105 (1680) 18 (288) 20 (320) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)Medium Weight 105 to less than 125 (16802000) 15 (240) 17 (272) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)Normal Weight 125 (2000) or more 13 (208) 15 (240) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)A Consult manufacturers for available d
46、ensities.B Refer to section 9.2.1 for specimen requirements.C1623 17a39.2.2 Absorption tests shall be performed on three specimens, each having greater than 200 in3 (3280 cm3) in volume. Onespecimen shall be saw-cut from each of three lintels. The specimen shall be cut such that it does not contain
47、reinforcing bars.NOTE 7A specimen measuring nominally 4 in. (100 mm) in width, 8 in. (200 mm) in length and 8 in. (200 mm) in height is typically easy to obtainand meets the volume requirements for absorption specimens.9.2.3 When saw-cutting of compression and absorption specimens exposes reinforcem
48、ent, document and report the following:9.2.3.1 Number of bars and a sketch or description of their location.9.2.3.2 Size (diameter) of each bar.9.2.3.3 Vertical location of each bar, measured from top of lintel to center of bar, in. (mm).9.2.3.4 Horizontal location of each bar, measured from each fa
49、ce of the lintel to the center of bar, in. (mm).10. Compliance10.1 If a sample fails to conform to the specified requirements, the manufacturer shall be permitted to remove lintels from theshipment. A new sample shall be selected by the purchaser from remaining lintels from the shipment with a similar configurationand dimension and tested at the expense of the manufacturer. If the second sample meets the specified requirements, the remainingportion of the shipment represented by the sample meets the specified requirements. If the second sample
