1、Designation: C 1628 06Standard Specification forJoints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using RubberGaskets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1628; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible leak resistant joints forconcrete gravity flow sewer pipe using rubber gaskets f
3、orsealing the joints, where measurable or defined infiltration orexfiltration is a factor of the design. The specification coversthe design of joints and the requirements for rubber gaskets tobe used therewith, for pipe conforming in all other respects toSpecifications C14, C76, C 655, C 985, and C
4、1417, providedthat, if there is conflict in permissible variations in dimension,the requirements of this specification shall govern for joints.NOTE 1Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed pipelineare dependent upon many factors other than the joints, and allowablequantities must be
5、 covered by other specifications and suitable testing ofthe installed pipeline and system. This specification covers the design,material, and performance of the rubber gasket joint only. Joints coveredby this specification are for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi withoutleakage, when plant tested
6、in accordance with Section 10.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitation
7、s prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C14 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer,Storm Drain, and Culvert PipeC76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, StormDrain, and Sewer PipeC 497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or TileC 655 Specification for
8、 Reinforced Concrete D-Load Cul-vert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC 985 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete SpecifiedStrength Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC 1417 Specification for Manufacture of Reinforced Con-crete Sewer, Sto
9、rm Drain, and Culvert Pipe for DirectDesignC 1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-crete Structures3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gasket shal
10、l bedetermined by the approved design submittal information,results of the physical tests prescribed in this specification, andby inspection to determine whether the pipe joints and gasketsconform to this specification as to design and freedom fromdefects.5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets5.1
11、The gasket shall be fabricated from a rubber compound.The basic polymer shall be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, ora blend of both meeting the physical requirements prescribed inSpecification C 1619.5.1.1 Gaskets for standard use shall meet Class E require-ments. Gaskets which require oil resistan
12、t properties shall meetClass B requirements.5.2 Circular Cross-Section or “O-Ring” Gaskets:5.2.1 Circular cross-section or “O-ring” gaskets shall beextruded or molded to the specified size within a tolerance of6164 in. or 61.5 % of the cord diameter, whichever is larger.5.2.2 Circular cross-section
13、or “O-ring” gaskets shall havethe nominal design cut length tolerance of 63.0 % for extrudedand spliced gaskets.5.2.3 Each gasket shall be manufactured to provide thevolume of rubber required by the pipe manufacturers jointdesign with a tolerance of 63 %for gaskets up to and includingl- in. in diame
14、ter and 6 1 % for gaskets of 1-in. diameter andlarger. The allowable percentage tolerance shall vary linearlybetween 63 % and 61 % for gasket diameters between12 and1 in.5.3 Non-Circular Cross-Section or “ Profile” Gaskets:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcret
15、e Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints forPrecast Concrete Structures.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published December 2006.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
16、Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3.1 Non-circular cross-section or “profile” gaskets shallbe extruded or molde
17、d to the design size within a tolerance of6164 in. or 6 3.0 % on any dimension, measured at any crosssection, whichever is larger.5.3.2 Non-circular cross-section or “profile” gaskets shallhave the nominal design cut length tolerance of 63 % forextruded and spliced gaskets.6. Design of Joints6.1 Whe
18、n requested at time of purchase, the pipe manufac-turer shall furnish the owner with a detailed design of the jointor joints to be furnished under this specification. Includedwithin this submittal shall be gasket shape, dimensions, toler-ance, and hardness, joint geometry, pipe, and joint dimensiont
19、olerances, gasket deformation analysis including manufactur-ing tolerances, proof of design; hydrostatic and structural testinformation, manufacturers quality assurance testing, anddocumentation procedures. The manufacturing tolerances re-quired in joint design shall be specified by the manufacturer
20、and verified by the manufacturers written quality assurancetesting procedures and documentation.6.1.1 The joint shall consist of a bell on one end of a unitof pipe and a spigot on the adjacent end of the joining pipe.6.1.2 All surfaces of the joint, upon or against which thegasket shall bear, includ
21、ing the bell entrance slope taper, shallbe free of imperfections that would adversely affect theperformance of the joint.6.1.3 The joint shall be designed to provide a minimumdistance when measured between the nearest end of spigotgroove or spigot offset and end of bell, excluding bell entrancechamf
22、er, at the design closure position of12-in. for pipe 12 to27 in. diameters and34 in. for pipe 30-in. diameter and larger.NOTE 2See joint data form in Appendix, dimension 9A9.6.1.4 The joints of the pipe shall be of such design that theywill withstand the forces caused by the deformation of thegasket
23、 when joined and when tested in accordance with Section10.6.1.5 The angle of taper on the conic surfaces of the insideof the bell end and the outer surface of the spigot end where thegasket seats shall not be more than 2, measured from the pipeaxis. Tapers up to 3 are not prohibited if proven adequa
24、te byplant tests as specified in Section 9 and approved by the ownerunder the provisions of 6.4. It is not prohibited for the conicsurfaces to be modified with grooves or offsets to properlycontain and seat the gasket.6.1.6 The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon tomake the joint flexible
25、 and leak resistant. The gasket shall be acontinuous ring which fits snugly into the annular spacebetween the overlapping surfaces of the assembled pipe joint toform a flexible watertight seal.6.1.7 Where the particular joint design utilizing a rubbergasket dictates the use of a lubricant to facilit
26、ate assembly, thelubricant composition shall have no deterioration or detrimen-tal swelling effects on the performance of the joint due toprolonged exposure.6.2 Confined Circular Cross-Section Gasket Joint Design:6.2.1 In joints that utilize spigot grooves and solid gasketsof circular cross-section,
27、 the smallest potential volume of theannular space provided for the gasket, with the engaged jointdesign closure in concentric position, shall be not less than thedesign volume of the gasket furnished. The smallest potentialcross-sectional area of the annular space shall be calculatedusing the minim
28、um bell diameter, maximum spigot diameter,minimum width of groove at surface of spigot, and minimumdepth of groove. The smallest potential volume of the annularspace shall be calculated considering the centroid of thecross-sectional area to be at the midpoint between the insidebell surface and the s
29、urface of the groove on which the gasketis seated at the centerline of the groove.6.2.2 The gasket shall be of such diameter that when theouter surface of the spigot and the inner surface of the bellcome into contact at some point in their periphery (off-centerposition), the deformation in the gaske
30、t shall not exceed 50 %at the point of contact nor be less than 15 % at any point. Whendetermining the maximum percent deformation of the gasket,the minimum depth of groove and the stretched gasket diam-eter shall be used and calculations made at the centerline of thegroove. When determining the min
31、imum percent deformationof the gasket, the minimum groove width, the maximum belldiameter, the minimum spigot diameter, the maximum depth ofgroove, and the stretched gasket diameter shall be used andcalculations made at the centerline of the groove. For gasketdeformation calculations, stretched gask
32、et diameter shall bedetermined as being the design diameter of the gasket dividedby the square root of (1 + x) where x equals the design percentof gasket stretch divided by 100.6.2.3 In joints that utilize spigot grooves described in 6.2.1and 6.2.2, the gasket shall not be stretched more than 30 % o
33、fits original circumference, except that gaskets meeting Class Erequirements used on pipe 96-in. diameter and larger shall notbe stretched more than 35% %.6.3 Non-Circular Cross-Section Gasket Joint Design:6.3.1 In joints that utilize gaskets of non-circular cross-section placed on a single offset s
34、pigot configuration, theannular space between the gasket contact surfaces of theassembled joint shall have the rubber gasket deformed not lessthan 15 % or more than 60 % when the pipe is joined withmaximum joint surface eccentricity (off-center) with all manu-facturing and gasket tolerances being co
35、nsidered. When deter-mining the maximum percent deformation of the gasket, theminimum bell diameter, the maximum spigot diameter, and thestretched gasket height shall be used at design closure. Whendetermining the minimum percent deformation of the gasket,the maximum bell diameter, the minimum spigo
36、t diameter, andthe stretched gasket height shall be used at design closure. Forgasket deformation calculations the stretched height shall bedetermined by 8.1.2.6.3.2 In lieu of the deformation limit design method de-scribed in 6.3.1, the manufacturer is not prohibited fromsubmitting a gasket force a
37、nalysis. This design method shallanalyze the annular space between the gasket contact surfacesof the assembled joint and compare it to the compressionversus force characteristics for the proposed non-circulargasket as described in gasket compression curves as furnishedby the gasket manufacturer, pip
38、e joint manufacturer, or anindependent testing laboratory. The joint design analysis shallC1628062have the rubber gasket deformed within the limits of thespecified design force limits when the pipe is joined off-centerwith all manufacturing and gasket tolerances being considered.When determining the
39、 maximum deformation of the gasket,the minimum bell diameter, the maximum spigot diameter, andthe stretched gasket height shall be used. When determiningthe minimum deformation of the gasket, the maximum belldiameter, the minimum spigot diameter, and the stretchedgasket height shall be used.6.3.3 In
40、 joints that utilize offsets on the bell and spigot toconfine a non-circular cross-section gasket, the gasket shall beof such height that when the outer surface of the spigot and theinner surface of the bell come into contact at some point intheir periphery, the deformation in the gasket shall not e
41、xceed55 % at the point of contact nor be less than 15 % at any point.When determining the maximum percent deformation of thegasket, the minimum bell diameter, the maximum spigotdiameter and the maximum stretched gasket height shall beused. When determining the minimum percent deformation ofthe gaske
42、t, the maximum depth of shoulders, the maximum belldiameter, the minimum spigot diameter, and the minimumstretched gasket height shall be used. For gasket deformationcalculations, the stretched height shall be determined as de-scribed in 8.1.2.6.3.4 The gasket for joints described in 6.3 shall not b
43、estretched more than 30 % of its unstretched length when seatedon the spigot end.6.4 Alternative Joint Designs:6.4.1 Alternative joint designs, other than those described in6.1, 6.2, and 6.3, shall not be used unless they are approved inwriting by the owner and provided all the tests comply withthis
44、 specification. The pipe manufacturer shall submit to theowner detailed designs for any alternative joint or gasket, orboth. Design submissions shall include joint geometry, toler-ances, gasket characteristics, gasket deformation analysis,plant quality control tests, and such other information asreq
45、uired by the owner to evaluate the joint design for requiredfield performance. Joints and gaskets of alternative jointdesigns shall meet all test requirements of Sections 5and 9contained within this specification.7. Permissible Variations in Dimensions7.1 The diameter of pipe joint gasket bearing su
46、rfaces isconfirmed by taking three equally spaced diametric measure-ments with a calibrated instrument accurate within 60.005 in.,all of which shall be within the minimum and maximum limitsused in Section 6.7.1.1 Specific methods, frequency, and record keeping ofjoint measurements shall be included
47、in the manufacturerswritten quality assurance testing procedures and documenta-tion.8. Test Methods for Gaskets8.1 In addition to Specification C 1619, the physical prop-erties of the gaskets shall be determined in accordance with thefollowing methods:8.1.1 Gasket Volume DeterminationDetermine the v
48、ol-ume of gasket sections in accordance to Test Method C 497.8.1.2 Non-Circular Shape Gasket Stretch HeightDetermine the stretch height of gasket sections in accordanceto Test Method C 497.8.1.3 Gasket LengthDetermine the stretch length of gas-ket sections in accordance to Test Method C 497.9. Perfo
49、rmance Requirements for Joints9.1 The hydrostatic and structural tests are conducted toserve as a proof-of-design test and the results shall be includedwithin the joint submittal documents to the owner. Thehydrostatic and structural tests and results shall be witnessedand certified by an independent testing agency, an ownersrepresentative, or manufacturers employee who is identifiedwithin the manufacturers quality assurance program.9.1.1 At or before the time of placing an order the owner ispermitted to require an additional proof-of-design test to verifycompliance t
