1、Designation: C1685 08C1685 15Standard Specification forPneumatically Applied High-Temperature Fiber ThermalInsulation for Industrial Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1685; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the composition, thermal performance, sound absorption per
3、formance, and physical properties ofhigh-temperature fiber thermal insulation for use at temperatures from ambient to 3000F (1649C).1.2 The dry, loose high-temperature fibers shall be pneumatically conveyed to a nozzlechamber where they are mixed with awater-based chemical binder.binder and then con
4、veyed to a nozzle.1.3 The pneumatically applied, high-temperature fiber insulation is intended for use in industrial applications on flat, or nearlyflat, surfaces. It is not intended for use on pipes.1.4 This specification addresses the use performance of this material in both thermal and acoustical
5、 applications.1.5 This specification does not address the requirements for fire-resistive insulation, but it does not preclude this materials usein that capacity.1.6 This is a material specification only and is not intended to cover methods of application that are provided by themanufacturer.1.7 The
6、 values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associat
7、ed with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C71 Terminology Relating to RefractoriesC133 Test Methods for Co
8、ld Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of RefractoriesC165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of theGuarded-Ho
9、t-Plate ApparatusC201 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of RefractoriesC356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of Preformed High-Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soaking HeatC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation LotsC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance o
10、f High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodC447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal InsulationsC665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Light Frame
11、Construction and Manufactured HousingC795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.23 on Blanket and LooseFill
12、Insulation.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008June 1, 2015. Published October 2008July 2015. Last previous edition was approved in 2008 as C1685 08. DOI: 10.1520/C1685-08.10.1520/C1685-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at servic
13、eastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Be
14、causeit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100
15、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1104/C1104M Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber InsulationC1113 Test Method for Ther
16、mal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique)E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750CE605 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Sprayed Fire-Re
17、sistive Material (SFRM) Applied to Structural MembersE2231 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess Surface BurningCharacteristics2.2 Other Standards:ISO 8894 Thermal Conductivity by the Hot Wire Method; Part 1 Crossed Wire Method, Part 2 Paralle
18、l Wire Method3CAN/ULCS10207 Standard Method of Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assemblies43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, see Terminology C71 and C168.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3 cured, ns
19、tate or condition of the finished product after the liquid vehicle has been evaporated to a constant mass.3.4 pneumatically applied, vuse of air to convey the fibrous insulation to a nozzle and then from a nozzle to the intendedsurface to be insulated.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 CompositionThe b
20、asic types of materials shall be loose inorganic fibers combined with a liquid, water-based binder. Thefibers are made from mineral substances such as silica, alumina, calcium, and magnesium processed from the molten state intofibrous form. The liquid binder is made from inorganic materials: water,
21、colloidal silica, and less than 2% of an organic foamingagent.4.2 TypesThe product is separated into types based on the chemistry and temperature use limit:TypeChemicalCompositionUpper UseTemperature,F (C)I Calcium Magnesium Silicate 2012 (1100)II Magnesium Silicate 2300 (1260)III Aluminum Silicate
22、3000 (1649)4.3 The liquid binder shall be added in sufficient quantity to provide the fibers with necessary adhesion to the applied surface,cohesion to one another, and the required physical properties of the installed, dry insulation.4.4 There shall be two different grades of material, Grade A and
23、Grade B, differentiated by different thermal conductivity,different sound absorption coefficients, and different noise reduction coefficients.5. Physical Properties5.1 For pneumatically applied, high-temperature thermal insulation, it is possible that the properties of density and apparentthermal co
24、nductivity will vary with the manufacturer. Minimum acceptable value of density and maximum acceptable values ofthermal conductivity shall be stated by the manufacturer before sale and shall be tested in accordance with 9.1. (See Table 1.)5.2 Maximum Use TemperatureWhen tested in accordance with 9.1
25、, the high-temperature fiber insulation shall not warp,flame, or glow during hot surface exposure. No evidence of melting or fiber degradation shall be evident upon posttest inspection.5.3 Maximum Exothermic Temperature RiseWhen tested in accordance with 9.1, the internal temperature shall not at an
26、y timeexceed the hot surface temperature by more than 200F (111C). The 200F criterion applies during heat-up as well as steady-stateconditions. Exceeding this limit constitutes noncompliance to this specification and rejection.5.4 Surface Burning CharacteristicsThe cured insulation shall have a maxi
27、mum flame spread index of 25 and a maximumsmoke developed of 50 when tested in accordance with 9.4.5.5 Non-combustibilityIf required for the particular application, the installed, dry insulation shall meet the requirements ofnon-combustibility when tested in accordance with 9.5.5.6 Linear Shrinkage
28、and Temperature of UseThe pneumatically applied high-temperature insulation shall be demonstratedto be dimensionally stable with a maximum of 5% linear shrinkage when tested in accordance with Test Method C356 to itsmaximum use temperature.3 Available from International Organization for Standardizat
29、ion (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.4 Available from Ottawa Standards and Government Relations Office 440 Laurier Ave. West, Suite 200 Ottawa ON K1R 7X6, http:/www.ulc.ca.C1685 1525.7 Compressive ResistanceThe compressive resistance
30、 shall be at least 50 psias shown in Table 1 (2.4 kPa) at 10%deformation, when tested in accordance with 9.6.5.8 Water Vapor SorptionWater vapor sorption shall not exceed 5% by weight when tested in accordance with 9.7.5.9 Corrosiveness to SteelWhen tested and evaluated in accordance with 9.8, the c
31、orrosion resulting from insulation in contactwith steel plates shall be judged to be no greater than for comparative plates in contact with sterile cotton in accordance with 9.8.5.10 Stress Corrosion to Austenitic Stainless SteelWhen specified, the stress corrosion shall be tested and evaluated inac
32、cordance with 9.9.5.11 Sound Absorption Coefficient and Noise Reduction Coefficient When required, sound absorption shall not be less thanthe values given in Table 2, by indicated frequency when tested at a 2 in. (51 mm) thickness. The Noise Reduction Coefficient(NRC) shall not be less than 0.95 for
33、 Grad A and 0.90 for Grade B.6. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance6.1 The pneumatically applied high-temperature insulation shall be free of all extraneous foreign material, such as metal andpaper, that would adversely affect the performance of the insulation.6.2 The thickness and appearance of the
34、 insulation shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. Surfacefinish shall be done only in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.6.3 The substrate shall be prepared in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. This has the potential to include, but isnot limited t
35、o, the addition of mechanical anchors and refractory mortar.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling of the insulation shall be in accordance with Practice C390.8. Specimen Preparation8.1 Test SpecimensAll specimens shall be prepared using the manufacturers recommended application apparatus andapplication techniques
36、. All specimens shall be dry and cured to constant mass before testing. All specimens shall be tested at themaximum design thickness or the applied thickness unless otherwise specified by the specific test method in Section 9.9. Test Methods9.1 Maximum Use Temperature and Exothermic Rise Temperature
37、sTest in accordance with Test Method C411 and the hotsurface performance of Practice C447 at the insulations maximum use temperature. All types shall be tested without jacketing atthe manufacturers maximum recommended thickness for the particular temperature. Tests shall be conducted on a flat hot p
38、late.9.2 Density and ThicknessDensity and thickness shall be tested in accordance with Test Method E605.TABLE 1 Physical Property RequirementsPerformance Requirements (Excluding Acoustical)Maximum Use Temperature, F (C)Type I Type II Type III2012 (1100) 2300 (1260) 3000 (1649)Apparent Thermal Conduc
39、tivity, maximum Btu-in./h ft2 F (W/m K) at mean temperature, F (C), for all three typesGrade A Grade B75 (24) 0.40 (0.058) 0.18 (0.026)200 (93) 0.44 (0.063) 0.25 (0.036)400 (204) 0.54 (0.078) 0.38 (0.055)600 (316) 0.72 (0.104) 0.53 (0.077)800 (427) 1.00 (0.144) 0.71 (0.10)1000 (538) 1.37 (0.197) 0.9
40、0 (0.13)1200 (649) 1.82 (0.262) 1.12 (0.16)1400 (760) 2.36 (0.340) 1.35 (0.19)1600 (871) 2.99 (0.431) 1.61 (0.23)Maximum Compressive Resistance, at 10% deformation, min, lb/ft2 (kPa), for all three types Grade A inaccordance with Test Method C16550 (2.4)Maximum Cold Crush, min., psi (Pa), for all th
41、ree Types, Grade B, in accordance with Test Method C133Modulus of Rupture 10 (0.48)Cold Crush 13 (0.62)Linear Shrinkage, at maximum use temperature, %, for all three types and both Grades A and B 5.0Water Vapor Sorption, maximum, % by weight, for all three types and both Grades A and B 5.0Surface Bu
42、rning Characteristics, for all three types and both Grades A and B:Flame Spread Index, maximum 25Smoke Developed Index, maximum 50C1685 1539.3 Apparent Thermal ConductivityThe thermal conductivity shall be determined in accordance with any one of the followingtest methods: C177, C201, C1113, or ISO
43、8894, using at least four mean temperatures spanning the expected mean use temperatureof the installation if required for the installation. As specified in Practice C1045, the range of test conditions must include at leastone test where the hot surface temperature is greater than, or equal to, the h
44、ot limit of the temperature range of desired data andat least one test where the cold surface temperature is less than, or equal to, the cold limit of the temperature range desired. Atleast two additional tests shall be distributed somewhere evenly over the rest of the temperature range9.4 Surface B
45、urning CharacteristicsTest in accordance with Test Method E84 using the specimen preparation and mountingmethod of Practice E2231. For Canada, test in accordance with Test Method CAN/ULCS10207.9.5 Non-combustibilityIf required for the particular application, test in accordance with Test Method E136.
46、9.6 Compressive ResistanceTest in accordance with Test Method C165. for Grade A, or Test Methods C1113 for Grade B.9.7 Water Vapor SorptionTest in accordance with Test Method C1104/C1104M.9.8 Corrosiveness to SteelTest in accordance with Specification C665, Subsection 13.8 on Corrosiveness.9.9 Stres
47、s Corrosion Performance for Use on Austenitic Stainless SteelWhen requested, test in accordance with SpecificationC795.9.10 Sound Absorption PerformanceWhen required, test in accordance with Test Method C423 using a 2 in. (51 mm)thickness.10. Qualification Requirements10.1 Unless otherwise specified
48、, the following requirements shall be employed for the purpose of initial material or productqualification after application on a particular job.10.1.1 Maximum use temperature.10.1.2 Thickness.10.1.3 Apparent thermal conductivity at four or more mean temperatures over the range of expected temperatu
49、re use.10.1.4 Linear shrinkage.10.1.5 Surface burning characteristics.10.1.6 Compressive resistance.resistance for Grade A and Cold Crushing Strength for Grade B.10.1.7 Water vapor sorption.10.1.8 Corrosiveness.10.1.9 Non-combustibility (if required for the particular application).10.1.10 Sound absorption (if required by the customer or specifier).11. Inspection and Acceptance of Installed Insulation11.1 Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements shall be employed for the purposes of acceptance sampling of ana
