1、Designation: C 1701/C 1701M 09Standard Test Method forInfiltration Rate of In Place Pervious Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1701/C 1701M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the fieldwater infiltration rate of in place pervious concrete.1.2 The val
3、ues stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standar
4、d.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The text
5、of this standard references notes that provideexplanatory material. These notes shall not be considered asrequirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint Sealants2.2 Other S
6、tandardsFederal Specification A-A-3110 (TT-P-1536A) PlumbingFixture Setting Compound33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The terms used in this test method are defined inTerminology C 125.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 An infiltration ring is temporarily sealed to the surfaceof a pervious pavement. Af
7、ter prewetting the test location, agiven mass of water is introduced into the ring and the time forthe water to infiltrate the pavement is recorded. The infiltrationrate is calculated in accordance with 9.1.5. Significance and Use5.1 Tests performed at the same location across a span ofyears may be
8、used to detect a reduction of infiltration rate ofthe pervious concrete, thereby identifying the need for reme-diation.5.2 The infiltration rate obtained by this method is validonly for the localized area of the pavement where the test isconducted. To determine the infiltration rate of the entireper
9、vious pavement multiple locations must be tested and theresults averaged.5.3 The field infiltration rate is typically established by thedesign engineer of record and is a function of the designprecipitation event.5.4 This test method does not measure the influence onin-place infiltration rate due to
10、 sealing of voids near the bottomof the pervious concrete slab. Visual inspection of concretecores is the best approach for determining sealing of voids nearthe bottom of the pervious concrete slab.6. Apparatus6.1 Infiltration RingA cylindrical ring, open at both ends(See Fig. 1). The ring shall be
11、watertight, sufficiently rigid toretain its form when filled with water, and shall have a diameterof 300 6 10 mm 12.0 6 0.5 in. with a minimum height of 50mm 2.0 in. The bottom edge of the ring shall be even. Theinner surface of the ring shall be marked or scored with twolines at a distance of 10 an
12、d 15 mm 0.40 and 0.60 in. from thebottom of the ring. Measure and record the inner diameter ofthe ring to the nearest 1 mm 0.05 in.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.49 on Pervious C
13、oncrete.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published September 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AS
14、TM website.3http:/1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 1Ring materials that have been found to be suitable includesteel, aluminum, rigid plastic, and PVC.6.2 BalanceA balance or scale accurate to 10 g 0.02 lb.6.3 Cont
15、ainerA cylindrical container typically made ofplastic having a volume of at least 20 L 5 gal, and from whichwater may be easily poured at a controlled rate into theinfiltration ring.6.4 Stop WatchAccurate to 0.1 s.6.5 Plumbers Putty (Non-Hardening)Meeting Specifica-tion C 920 or Federal Specificatio
16、n A-A-3110.6.6 WaterPotable water.7. Test Locations7.1 Perform tests at multiple locations at a site as requestedby the purchaser of testing services. Unless otherwise speci-fied, use the following to determine the number of tests toperform:7.1.1 Three test locations for areas up to 2,500 m225,000ft
17、2.7.1.2 Add one test location for each additional 1,000m210,000 ft2 or fraction thereof.7.2 Provide at least 1 m 3 ft clear distance between testlocations, unless at least 24 h have elapsed between tests.7.3 Do not test if there is standing water on top of thepervious concrete. Do not test within 24
18、 h of the last precipi-tation.8. Procedure8.1 Infiltration Ring InstallationClean the pavement sur-face by only brooming off trash, debris, and other non-seatedmaterial. Apply plumbers putty around the bottom edge of thering and place the ring onto the pervious concrete surface beingtested. Press th
19、e putty into the surface and around the bottomedge of the ring to create a watertight seal. Place additionalputty as neededNOTE 2In a hot environment where the surface temperature is over 38C 100 F plumbers putty may not adhere to the concrete surface easily.Therefore it is advisable to perform this
20、 test during cooler temperature.8.2 PrewettingPour water into the ring at a rate sufficientto maintain a head between the two marked lines. Use a totalof 3.60 6 0.05 kg 8.0 6 0.1 lb of water. Begin timing as soonas the water impacts the pervious concrete surface. Stop timingwhen free water is no lon
21、ger present on the pervious surface.Record the amount of elapsed time to the nearest 0.1 s.8.3 TestThe test shall be started within 2 min after thecompletion of the prewetting. If the elapsed time in theprewetting stage is less than 30 s, then use a total of 18.00 60.05 kg 40.00 6 0.1 lb of water. I
22、f the elapsed time in theprewetting stage is greater than or equal to 30 s, then use a totalof 3.60 6 0.05 kg 8.0 6 0.1 lb of water. Record the weightof water to the nearest 10 g 0.02 lb (M). Pour the water intothe ring at a rate sufficient to maintain a head between the twomarked lines and until th
23、e measured amount of water has beenused. Begin timing as soon as the water impacts the perviousconcrete surface. Stop timing when free water is no longerpresent on the pervious surface. Record the testing duration (t)to the nearest 0.1 s.NOTE 3If a sloped pavement is being measured, maintain headbet
24、ween the two marked lines at the lowest point of the slope.8.4 If a test is repeated at the same location, the repeat testdoes not require pre-wetting if conducted within 5 min aftercompletion of the first test. If more than one test is conductedat a location on a given day, the infiltration rate at
25、 that locationon that day shall be calculated as the average of the two tests.Do not repeat this test more than twice at the same location ona given day.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the infiltration rate (I) using consistent units asfollows:I 5KMD2*t!where:I = Infiltration rate, mm/h in./h,M = Mass o
26、f infiltrated water, kg lb,D = Inside diameter of infiltration ring, mm in.,t = time required for measured amount of water to infil-trate the concrete, s, andK = 4 583 666 000 in SI units or 126 870 in inch-poundunits.NOTE 4The factor K has units of (mm3s)/(kgh) (in.3s)/(lbh) and isneeded to convert
27、 the recorded data (W, D, and t) to the infiltration rate Iin mm/h in./h.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification number,10.1.2 Location,10.1.3 Date of test,10.1.4 Age and thickness of concrete (label Unknown if notknown),FIG. 1 Dimensions of Infiltration RingC 1701/C 17
28、01M 09210.1.5 Time elapsed during prewetting, s,10.1.6 Amount of rain during last event, if known, mm in.,10.1.7 Weight of infiltrated water, kg lb,10.1.8 Inside diameter of infiltration ring, mm in.,10.1.9 Time elapsed during infiltration test, s,10.1.10 Infiltration rate, mm/h in./h, and10.1.11 Nu
29、mber of tests performed at each location, ifapplicable.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Repeatability testing was performed by a single labo-ratory by making 2 replicate measurements at three locationson a newly placed pervious concrete pavement. The replicatemeasurements were repeated daily from day 1 to
30、 day 10. Thesingle-operator coefficient of variation of the infiltration rate atone test location was found to be 4.7 %.11.2 The multi-operator variability data has not been devel-oped. The reproducibility of this test method is being deter-mined and will be available on or before October 1, 2014.11
31、.3 This test method has no bias because the infiltrationrate of in-place pervious concrete is defined only in terms ofthis test method.12. Keywords12.1 concrete; infiltration; pervious; waterASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with
32、 any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible techni
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34、n at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
35、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1701/C 1701M 093
