1、Designation: C1704/C1704M 09aStandard Test Method forSampling and Testing Structural Cementitious Panels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1704/C1704M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover sampling and testing ofstructural cementitious panels. Structural cementitious panelsare non-
3、combustible, water durable, fiber reinforced inorganiccomposite panels intended for use as structural panels whenfastened to supports spaced in accordance with the span ratingin inches.1.2 These test methods are utilized in evaluating productscited in Specification C1705/C1705M.1.3 The values stated
4、 in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This
5、 standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents
6、2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1705/C1705M Specification for Structural CementitiousPanels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 cross machine direction (XMD), nthe direction per-pendicular to the machine direction.3.1.2 edge, nEdges of a panel refer to the long side of arectan
7、gular panel. For example, ona4by8ftpanel, the edgesrefer to the sides of the panel that are 8 ft long.3.1.3 end, nThe end of a panel refers to the short side ofa rectangular panel. For example, ona4by8ftpanel, the endrefers to the side of the panel that is 4 ft long.3.1.4 fiber reinforced inorganic
8、composite, na compositematerial composed primarily of inorganic matrix materialsreinforced primarily with inorganic fibers. Inorganic aggre-gates may be combined with the inorganic matrix.3.1.5 machine direction (MD), nthe direction the boardtravels during manufacture.3.1.6 non-combustibility, adjte
9、rm intended to describeproducts that do not ignite and/or burn when subjected to fire.Test methods are generally specified by reputable agenciessuch as ASTM, Factory Mutual, Underwriters Lab Inc., and soforth.3.1.7 plant specification, nThe plant specification isunique to each qualified product unde
10、r a given performancestandard. The specification is used in the plant quality programas audited under the approved quality control program.3.1.8 performance standard, na standard for productsbased on performance. Performance is measured by tests thatapproximate end-use conditions.3.1.9 qualification
11、 policy, npolicy that describes the pro-cedures by which a plant may obtain span rating privileges forperformance-rated products policy.3.1.10 quality assurance policy, npolicy covering thethird-party auditing of plants quality control program.3.1.11 reference value, nthe numerical value established
12、for the plant specification for a given mechanical or physicalproperty.3.1.12 sample average, nthe average test value, obtainedby summing the observations and dividing by the number oftests.3.1.13 sample panel, nstructural cementitious panel fromwhich test specimens are cut and conditioned as necess
13、ary.3.1.14 sample standard deviation, na measure of testvariation, calculated as:S 5=(x2(x!2/n#/ n 1 (1)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on PrecastConcrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.40 on GlassFiber Reinforced Concrete.Current edit
14、ion approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1704/C1704M 09.DOI: 10.1520/C1704_C1704M-09a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
15、 Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.where:S = sample standard deviation,x = test observation, andn = number of obs
16、ervations.3.1.15 span rating, nthe recommended maximum center-to-center support spacing in inches for the specified end useunder normal use conditions.3.1.16 specimen, nthe individual test piece cut from asample panel.3.1.17 structural cementitious panel, nnon-combustible,water durable, fiber reinfo
17、rced inorganic composite panelsintended for use as structural panels.3.1.18 test exposure condition, nthe condition to which apanel is subjected prior to test. Generally, such conditions arereferred to as the dry or wet conditions.3.1.19 test specimen, nspecimens cut from a sample panelthat are used
18、 for testing.3.1.20 water durability, nperformance of a product aftersustained immersion in water for a specified period of time.4. Sampling and Inspection4.1 Panel samples shall be selected in sufficient quantity toenable statistical analysis. Test specimens prepared from panelsamples shall be suff
19、icient in number to enable statisticalanalysis.5. Test Methods5.1 Water Absorption:5.1.1 Significance and UseThis is routine test. The valuesare relative. The test is made to determine the tendency of aproduct to absorb water and determine uniformity of theproduct.5.1.2 ProcedureSpecimens shall be c
20、ut from sample pan-els at or before 28 days after manufacture (wet cast). Speci-mens shall be minimum 4 by 4 in. (101.6 by 101.6 mm)Specimens shall be cut from the interior area of each samplepanel in such a manner that no edge of a specimen is less than3 in. (76.2 mm) from the original edges of the
21、 sample panel.The specimens will be equilibrium conditioned by placingthem for at least four days (thickness 12 in. (12 mm) or atleast seven days (thickness $12 in. (12 mm) in a controlledatmosphere of 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity and in such a manner that all faces are adequately
22、ventilated. The length of time specimens were equilibriumconditioned shall be recorded. Record the initial weight of eachspecimen. Submerge the specimens horizontally in 1 in. (25.4mm) of distilled or deionized water, maintained at a tempera-ture of 70 65F. Position the specimens so that they do not
23、 lieflat on the bottom of the container by placing shims underneaththe specimens. Ensure that water can reach all faces of thespecimens. Remove the specimens from water after 48 6 2h.Blot the specimens dry until no free moisture is visible on thesurface. A minimum of four specimens shall be prepared
24、.Record the weight of each specimen.5.1.3 Calculation and ReportCalculate the water absorp-tion for each specimen using the following equation:WA5 WW WI!/WI 100 (2)where:WA= water absorption (%),WW= wet weight of specimen, lb (g), andWI= initial weight of specimen, lb (g).5.1.3.1 The average water a
25、bsorption of the specimens shallbe the arithmetic mean value obtained from testing the fourspecimens. Report the arithmetic mean of the complete speci-men set.5.1.4 Precision and Bias:5.1.4.1 PrecisionThe precision of the water absorptiontest procedure in this standard is being determined.5.1.4.2 Bi
26、asThe bias for the water absorption test proce-dure in this standard is being determined.5.2 Density:5.2.1 Significance and UseThis is routine test. The valuesare relative. The test is made to determine the density of theproduct and determine uniformity of the product.5.2.2 ProcedureSpecimens shall
27、be cut from test panels ator before 28 days after manufacture (wet cast). Specimens shallbe minimum 4 by 4 in. (101.6 by 101.6 mm) Specimens shallbe cut from the interior area of each sample panel in such amanner that no edge of a specimen is less than 3 in. (76.2 mm)from the original edges of the s
28、ample panel. A minimum offour specimens shall be prepared. Record the length, width,thickness, and weight of each specimen.5.2.3 Calculation and ReportCalculate the density foreach specimen using the following equation:For inch2pound units: D 5 WS/L W t!/1728 (3)where:D = density of specimen, lb/ft3
29、,WS= weight of specimen, lb,L = length of specimen, in.,W = width of specimen, in., andt = thickness of specimen, in.For SI units: D 5 WS/L W t! (4)where:D = density of specimen, kg/m3,WS= weight of specimen, kg,L = length of specimen, m,W = width of specimen, m, andt = thickness of specimen, m.5.2.
30、3.1 The average density of the specimens shall be thearithmetic mean value obtained from testing the four speci-mens. Report the arithmetic mean of the complete specimenset.5.2.4 Precision and Bias:5.2.4.1 PrecisionThe precision of the density test proce-dure in this standard is being determined.5.2
31、.4.2 BiasThe bias of the density test procedure in thisstandard is being determined.5.3 Moment Capacity:5.3.1 Significance and UseThis is a routine test measur-ing a primary product characteristic.5.3.2 Procedure:C1704/C1704M 09a25.3.2.1 Preparation of Test SpecimensSpecimens shall becut from test p
32、anels at a time after initial production such thathandling the panels will not affect the physical properties of thespecimens. Specimens shall be minimum 4 in. (101.6 mm) by11 in (279.4 mm). A minimum of six specimens shall be cutwith the long dimension of the specimen parallel to the longaxis of th
33、e sample sheet. A minimum of six specimens shall becut with the long dimension of the specimen perpendicular tothe long axis of the sample sheet.5.3.2.2 Conditioning:(1) DryCondition the cut specimens at 75 6 10F (24 65C) and 50 6 15 % relative humidity for a minimum of 24 hprior to testing.(2) WetS
34、ubmerge the specimens in water, maintained ata temperature of 70 6 5F. Position the specimens so that theydo not lie flat on the bottom of the container. Ensure that watercan reach all faces of the specimens. Remove the specimensfrom water after 48 6 2 h. Blot the specimens dry until no freemoisture
35、 is visible on the surface. Immediately commence withthe test procedure as described in 5.3.2.3.5.3.2.3 Test Procedure:(1) Specimens shall be tested in the face-up and face-downorientations. The face-up orientation in the flexural testingcorresponds to the orientation of the specimen in which its ca
36、stsurface (during manufacture) is in flexural tension. The face-down orientation in the flexural testing corresponds to theorientation of the specimen in which its cast surface (duringmanufacture) is in flexural compression. A minimum of threespecimens shall be tested in the face-up orientation, wit
37、h thelong dimension of the specimen parallel to the long axis of thesample sheet. A minimum of three specimens shall be tested inthe face-up orientation, with the long dimension of the speci-men perpendicular to the long axis of the sample sheet. Aminimum of three specimens shall be tested in the fa
38、ce-downorientation, with the long dimension of the specimen parallel tothe long axis of the sample sheet. A minimum of threespecimens shall be tested in the face-down orientation, with thelong dimension of the specimen perpendicular to the long axisof the sample sheet(2) Determine the moment capacit
39、y of each specimen byplacing the specimen on supports that cannot exert longitudinalconstraints rocker-type bearing edges, rollers, and so forth,with a19-in. (3.2-mm) minimum radius and12-in. (12.7-mm)maximum radius and applying the load at mid-span throughsimilar edge bearing against the other surf
40、ace of the specimen.The test span shall be 10 6116 in. (254 6 1.6 mm) and the loadline and supports shall be parallel. Mount a dial micrometerreading to 0.01 in (0.25 mm) or an equally sensitive apparatus,to bear on the loading member or on the specimen at mid-spanto determine the deflection of the
41、specimen at the center of thetest span. Apply load at a crosshead speed of 0.25 to 1.00in./min. Record the load versus deflection plot until specimenfailure. The maximum load attained in the test is recorded asthe breaking load.(3) Measure the specimen thickness at four points along theline of break
42、 for an average result. This measurement may becompleted either before or after load testing. The thicknessgauge shall have an accuracy of 60.002-in. (60.05-mm).5.3.3 Calculation and ReportCalculate the moment ca-pacity for each specimen using the following equation:For inch2pound units: M 5 PL/4! 1
43、2/b! (5)where:M = moment capacity, lbf-in./ft width,P = breaking load, lbf,L = length of span, in., andb = specimen width, in.For SI units: M 5 PL/4! 1/b! (6)where:M = moment capacity, N-m/m width,P = breaking load, N,L = length of span, m, andb = specimen width, m.5.3.4 The average moment capacity
44、of the specimens shallbe the arithmetic mean value obtained from the two orienta-tions, face-up and face-down. Report the arithmetic mean ofthe complete specimen set. Report the arithmetic mean of dryand wet tests separately.5.3.5 Precision and Bias:5.3.5.1 PrecisionThe precision of the moment capac
45、itytest procedure in this standard is being determined.5.3.5.2 BiasThe bias for the moment capacity test proce-dure in this standard is being determined.5.4 Bending Stiffness:5.4.1 Significance and UseThis is a routine test measur-ing a primary product characteristic.5.4.2 Procedure:5.4.2.1 Preparat
46、ion of Test SpecimensSame as 5.3.2.1.5.4.2.2 ConditioningSame as 5.3.2.2.5.4.2.3 Test ProcedureSame as 5.3.2.3.5.4.3 Calculation and ReportCalculate the bending stiff-ness for each specimen using the following equation:For inch2pound units: B 5 P2 P1! L3! / 48 y2 y1!# 12/b!(7)where:B = bending stiff
47、ness, lb-in.2/ft width,P = breaking load, lbf,L = length of span, in,.b = specimen width, in.,P1and P2= loads taken from two points within the initiallinear section of the load-displacement plot,lbf, andy1and y2= deflections corresponding to the loads P1andP2, respectively, in.For SI units: B 5 P2 P
48、1! L3! / 48 y2 y1!# 1/b! (8)where:B = bending stiffness, N-m2/m width,P = breaking load, N,L = length of span, m.b = specimen width, m,C1704/C1704M 09a3P1and P2= loads taken from two points within the initiallinear section of the load-displacement plot,N, andy1and y2= deflections corresponding to th
49、e loads P1andP2, respectively, m.5.4.3.1 The average bending stiffness of the specimens shallbe the arithmetic mean value obtained from the two orienta-tions, face-up and face-down. Report the arithmetic mean ofthe complete specimen set.5.4.4 Precision and Bias:5.4.4.1 PrecisionThe precision of the bending stiffnesstest procedure in this standard is being determined.5.4.4.2 BiasThe bias for the moment capacity test proce-dure in this standard is being determined.6.
