1、Designation: C1708/C1708M 121Standard Test Methods forSelf-leveling Mortars Containing Hydraulic Cements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1708/C1708M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEChanges were made editorially in October 2013.1. Scope1.1 These test methods are appropriate to evaluate theperformance of se
3、lf-leveling mortars containing hydrauliccements that are used to improve the levelness, smoothness,and flatness of existing floors. These materials may be used asan underlayment to receive floor finishes, or as an overlaymentto serve as the wear surface. The self-leveling mortars coveredby these tes
4、t methods consist of proprietary blends of hydrauliccements, along with fine aggregate, polymers, fillers, and otheradditives.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;ther
5、efore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI unitsbecause the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety
6、concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.(WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical
7、 burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC157/C157M Test Method for Lengt
8、h Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cementby Vicat NeedleC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC348 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement MortarsC490 Pract
9、ice for Use ofApparatus for the Determination ofLength Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, andConcreteC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC778 Specification for SandC928/C928M Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cement
10、itious Materials for Concrete RepairsC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsC1107/C1107M Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout (Nonshrink)E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory S
11、tudy toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 flow, nof self-leveling mortars, the ability of afreshly-mixed, self-leveling mortar to s
12、pread under its ownweight.3.2.2 healing, nthe ability of a self-leveling mortar toreturn to its original state of levelness and smoothness afterbeing disturbed.3.2.3 mortar, self-leveling, nmortar containing hydrauliccement that, in the fresh state, exhibits flow sufficient to seekgravitational leve
13、ling.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and ConcreteAggregates and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.43 on Packaged Dry Combined Materials.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Orignallyapproved in 2011. Last prev
14、ious edition approved in 2011 as C170811. DOI:10.1520/C1708-12.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. F
15、or Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.4 overlayment, n in flooring, a layer of materialusually placed up
16、on the sub-floor that provides a smooth, evensurface to be left exposed as the wear surface of the floor.3.2.5 time, healing, nthe period of time from initialcontact of a self-leveling mortar with mixing water just prior tothe time at which the self-leveling mortar no longer heals butinstead leaves
17、a visible indentation or ridge in the surface afterbeing disturbed.3.2.6 time, starting, nof self-leveling mortars, the timewhen water is brought into contact with the dry ingredients ofa self-leveling mortar.3.2.7 underlayment, n in flooring, a layer of materialusually placed upon the sub-floor tha
18、t provides a smooth, evenbase for flooring.4. Significance and Use4.1 The test methods in this standard are used to evaluatefreshly mixed properties such as the initial flow, flow retention,and healing time as well as hardened properties such ascompressive strength, setting time, and flexural streng
19、th, ofself-leveling mortars.4.2 Tests are conducted under standardized conditions forcomparative purposes and results are not intended to berepresentative of performance under field conditions.5. Standard Laboratory Conditions5.1 Unless otherwise specified, curing and testing of speci-mens shall be
20、conducted at standard laboratory conditionswhich are defined as 23.0 6 2.0 C 73.5 6 3.5 F and therelative humidity of the laboratory shall be not less that 50 %.For optional tests at the manufacturers stated temperatureextremes, the curing and testing temperatures must be within62.0 C 63.5 F of the
21、stated extreme temperatures.6. Sampling6.1 Sample according to the Sampling section of Specifica-tion C1107/C1107M.7. Mixing7.1 Apparatus7.1.1 Use the mixer and scraper as specified in PracticeC305. The standard batch size is 3000 g (See Note 1)ofdryself-leveling mortar. Use a splash guard to preven
22、t excessivesplashing.WarningThe clearances between the paddle and the bowlspecified in Practice C305 are suitable when using mortar madewith standard sand as described in Specification C778.Topermit the mixer to operate freely and to avoid serious damageto the paddle and bowl when coarser aggregates
23、 are used, itmay be necessary to set the clearance adjustment bracket toprovide greater clearances than those specified in 4.1 ofPractice C305.7.1.2 Weighing devices used in determining the mass ofmaterials shall conform to Specification C1005.7.1.3 Atimer accurate to 1 s with a range of at least 60
24、 min.NOTE 1This batch size is used for self-leveling mortars with a typicalfreshly mixed density of approximately 1920 kg/m3120 lb/ft3. Adjustthe batch size as needed to accommodate densities significantly differentfrom the typical value.7.2 Procedure7.2.1 Mix the self-leveling mortar with liquid as
25、 prescribedby the manufacturer. In the absence of manufacturers instruc-tions the liquid content shall be adjusted to achieve an initialflow of 125 to 150 mm 5 to 6 in. as per 8.4.NOTE 2Water is the most common mixing liquid although latexadmixtures or other liquids may be recommended by some manufa
26、cturers.7.2.2 Add the entire quantity of mixing liquid to the bowl.Start the mixer on speed 1 and start the timer. Mix times are tobe observed within 65 s of the recommended times.7.2.3 Add the dry self-leveling mortar to the mixer whilemixing at speed 1 during the first 30 s. (0-30 s on timer)7.2.4
27、 Mix for an additional 30 s period, at speed 1. (30-60 son timer)7.2.5 Stop the mixer and quickly scrape down into the batchany mortar that may have collected on the side of the bowl orblade. This must be completed within 30 s (60-90 s on timer)7.2.6 Mix at speed 2 for 240 s. (90-330 s on timer)7.2.
28、7 In any case requiring a remixing interval, any mortaradhering to the side of the bowl shall be quickly scraped downinto the batch with the scraper prior to remixing.8. Initial Flow, Flow Retention, and Healing Time8.1 ScopeThis test method measures the flow of freshly-mixed, self-leveling mortar b
29、y releasing it from a rigid tubeafter a given time. The diameter of the spread mixture ismeasured after a specified time. Flow retention is measured byrepeating the test on aged material. Healing time is determinedby making specific cuts in the surface of the self-levelingmortar at regular time inte
30、rvals and determining the latest timefor which the mortar will still heal as evaluated after setting.8.2 Significance and UseThe flow of a self-leveling mor-tar is a measure of its placeability. Establishing an acceptableflow range for the self-leveling mortar is critical to the properuse of the sel
31、f-leveling mortar. If the flow is too low, theself-leveling mortar will not be self-leveling and if the flow istoo high, the designed properties of the self-leveling mortarwill be compromised. A proper flow range must be establishedin order to determine the proper water content to use whenevaluating
32、 the physical properties of the mortar. The flowretention and healing time provide an indication of the usefulworking time of the mortar.8.3 Apparatus8.3.1 Flow Ring: A tube made of smooth, non-corrosivematerial of 30.0 6 0.1mm 114 6116 in. internal diameter and50.0 6 0.1 mm 2 6116 in. high.8.3.2 A
33、clean, dry 400 4006mm16in.16in.14in. square glass plate.8.3.3 Atimer accurate to 1 s with a range of at least 60 min.8.3.4 A length-measuring device such as a ruler or tapemeasure divided into 1 mm 116 in. divisions at least 300 mm12 in. long.8.3.5 Rectangular pan with inside dimensions of at least
34、210mm 210 mm 812 812 in. with a nominal depth of at least9mm38 in. made of metal or glass not attacked by theself-leveling mortar.C1708/C1708M 12128.3.6 A metal bar 6 mm 14 in. thick, with square edges,and at least 150 mm 6 in. long.NOTE 3The side of a mold used to prepare specimens for Test MethodC
35、157/C157M is acceptable for this purpose.8.4 Procedure8.4.1 Initial Flow:8.4.1.1 Place the flow ring centrally on the glass plate andplace this assembly on a firm horizontal surface not to departfrom horizontal by more than 0.5 (approximately equivalentto 1 mm in 100 mm 0.12 in. in 12 in.).8.4.1.2 W
36、ithin 30 s from the completion of mixing, com-pletely fill the flow ring, immediately lift the flow ring andsimultaneously start the timer. Lift the flow ring from the glassplate in a vertical direction to a height of 50 to 100 mm 2 to4 in. within 2 s and allow the material to empty from the ringont
37、o the glass plate.8.4.1.3 Allow the mortar to spread for 240 6 10 s andmeasure the diameter of the spread in two directions at rightangles using the length-measuring device. Record the averagediameter as the initial flow of the self-leveling material.8.4.1.4 Report the initial flow, mm in.8.4.2 Flow
38、 Retention:8.4.2.1 Repeat the flow test at 20 min and 30 min from thestarting time and record the flow. Remix the material by usingthe Practice C305 mixer, speed 1, for 5 to 10 s before filling theflow ring.8.4.2.2 Report the flow retention as the flow, mm in. at 20min and 30 min.NOTE 4Self-leveling
39、 mortars with flow retention times either shorteror longer than 20-30 min reported in 8.4.2.2 may be measured atappropriate 10 min intervals until material no longer flows out of the flowring.NOTE 5An alternate procedure for flow retention is to fill three flowrings after the completion of mixing. T
40、he first ring is lifted immediatelyand the second and third rings are lifted at 20 min and 30 min respectivelyfrom the starting time. This procedure is not recommended as the primarymethod of measuring flow retention but may be used to provide additionalinformation about the behavior of the material
41、 in a completely undisturbedcondition. The precision of this method is included in section 10.1.2.1 (2).8.4.3 Healing Time:8.4.3.1 Place the pan on a level, vibration free surface.8.4.3.2 Upon completion of mixing, pour self-leveling mor-tar into the pan until a thickness of 6 61mm14 6116 in. isobta
42、ined.8.4.3.3 Start making a full-depth cut in the test specimen at10 min from the starting time using the 6 mm 14 in. thickmetal bar (See Fig. 1). Hold the bar at approximately a 45angle. Start at the far side of the pan about 25 mm 1 in. fromthe left edge of the pan. Pull the bar smoothly through t
43、he mixstopping at the near edge of the pan. Complete the cut inapproximately 5 to 10 s. Record the time of the beginning ofeach cut from the defined starting time.8.4.3.4 Continue making cuts every 5 min until the materialno longer heals. Each cut shall be made about 25 mm 1 in. tothe right of the p
44、revious cut.8.4.3.5 Allow the specimen to cure overnight before ratinghealing time.8.4.3.6 Healing time is determined by both touching andobserving the cuts made the previous day. If there is an obviousridge or indentation in the cut, the material is not healing (seedefinition). Make observations ne
45、ar the center of the cutsavoiding areas near the edge of the pan.8.4.3.7 Report the healing time as the longest time for whichno obvious indentation or ridge is observed.9. Physical Properties9.1 The following test methods are used to characterize thetime of setting, strength and dimensional stabili
46、ty of theself-leveling mortar and will require several batches to com-plete the testing. In order to ensure valid comparisons, all testsshall be conducted at the same liquid content using the amountand type of liquid prescribed by the manufacturer (See Note 2).In the absence of manufacturers instruc
47、tions the correct liquidcontent shall be established by using an initial trial batch forthat purpose. Liquid content shall be adjusted to achieve a flowof 125 to 150 mm 5 to 6 in. The trial batch shall not be usedfor specimen preparation. It will then be necessary to mixadditional batches of materia
48、l using the same amount of liquidFIG. 1 Full-Depth Cut in Test SpecimenC1708/C1708M 1213as was established by the trial batch.Always use freshly mixedmaterial for each test.9.2 Setting Time9.2.1 ScopeThis method covers the determination of thetime of initial setting and time of final setting of self
49、-levelingmortars using the Vicat apparatus. Either procedure A or B asdefined in Test Method C191 is acceptable.9.2.2 Significance and UseThis test method determinesthe setting time of self-leveling mortars mixed to the normalplacement consistency as defined in 9.1. Special precautionsare taken to ensure a proper seal around the Vicat ring.9.2.3 ApparatusVicat Apparatus, in accordance with TestMethod C191.9.2.4 Test SampleThe test sample shall consist of at least300 mL of self-le
