1、Designation: C1708/C1708M 16Standard Test Methods forSelf-leveling Mortars Containing Hydraulic Cements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1708/C1708M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods are appropriate to evaluate theperformance of self-leveling mortars containing hydrauliccements tha
3、t are used to improve the levelness, smoothness,and flatness of existing floors. These materials may be used asan underlayment to receive floor finishes, or as an overlaymentto serve as the wear surface. The self-leveling mortars coveredby these test methods consist of proprietary blends of hydrauli
4、ccements, along with fine aggregate, polymers, fillers, and otheradditives.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of t
5、he other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI unitsbecause the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is th
6、eresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.
7、)22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and Co
8、ncreteC191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cementby Vicat NeedleC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC348 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement MortarsC490 Practice for Use ofApparatus for the Determination ofLe
9、ngth Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, andConcreteC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC778 Specification for Standard SandC928/C928M Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete RepairsC100
10、5 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsC1107/C1107M Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout (Nonshrink)D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD5125 Test Method for Viscosity of Pa
11、ints and RelatedMaterials by ISO Flow CupsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.
12、1 flow, nof self-leveling mortars, the ability of afreshly-mixed, self-leveling mortar to spread under its ownweight or flow through an orifice.3.2.2 healing, nof self-leveling mortars, the ability of aself-leveling mortar to return to its original state of levelnessand smoothness after a specified
13、cut is introduced into thesurface.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe specified cut is described in8.4.4.3.3.2.3 mortar, self-leveling, nmortar containing hydrauliccement that, in the fresh state, exhibits flow sufficient to seekgravitational leveling.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ
14、ee C09 onConcrete and ConcreteAggregates and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.43 on Packaged Dry Combined Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016. Published January 2017. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1708/C1708M15.DOI: 10.1520/C1708_
15、C1708M-16.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, r
16、efer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance wit
17、h internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.4 overlayment, nin flooring, a layer
18、of material usu-ally placed upon the sub-floor that provides a smooth, evensurface to be left exposed as the wear surface of the floor.3.2.5 time, healing, nof self-leveling mortars, the periodfrom the starting time until the moment when a specified cutleaves no observable indentation or ridge on th
19、e surface aftersetting.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe specified cut is described in8.4.4.3.3.2.6 time, starting, nof self-leveling mortars, the timewhen water is brought into contact with the dry ingredients ofa self-leveling mortar.3.2.7 underlayment, nin flooring, a layer of materialusually placed upon the
20、 sub-floor that provides a smooth, evenbase for flooring.4. Significance and Use4.1 The test methods in this standard are used to evaluatefreshly mixed properties such as the initial flow, flow retention,and healing time as well as hardened properties such ascompressive strength, setting time, and f
21、lexural strength, ofself-leveling mortars.4.2 Tests are conducted under standardized conditions forcomparative purposes and results are not intended to berepresentative of performance under field conditions.5. Standard Laboratory Conditions5.1 Unless otherwise specified, curing and testing of speci-
22、mens shall be conducted at standard laboratory conditionswhich are defined as 23.0 6 2.0 C 73.5 6 3.5 F and therelative humidity of the laboratory shall be not less than 50 %.The self leveling mortar dry powder and mixing liquid must beequilibrated to 23.0 6 2.0 C 73.5 6 3.5 F prior to mixing.For op
23、tional tests at the manufacturers stated temperatureextremes, the curing and testing temperatures must be within62.0 C 63.5 F of the stated extreme temperatures.6. Sampling6.1 Sample according to the Sampling section of Specifica-tion C1107/C1107M.7. Mixing7.1 Apparatus7.1.1 Use the mixer and scrape
24、r as specified in PracticeC305. The standard batch size is 3000 g (See Note 1)ofdryself-leveling mortar. Use a splash guard to prevent excessivesplashing.WarningThe clearances between the paddle and the bowlspecified in Practice C305 are suitable when using mortar madewith standard sand as described
25、 in Specification C778.Topermit the mixer to operate freely and to avoid serious damageto the paddle and bowl when coarser aggregates are used, itmay be necessary to set the clearance adjustment bracket toprovide greater clearances than those specified in 4.1 ofPractice C305.7.1.2 Weighing devices u
26、sed in determining the mass ofmaterials shall conform to Specification C1005.7.1.3 Atimer accurate to 1 s with a range of at least 60 min.NOTE 1This batch size is used for self-leveling mortars with a typicalfreshly mixed density of approximately 1920 kg/m3120 lb/ft3. Adjustthe batch size as needed
27、to accommodate densities significantly differentfrom the typical value.7.2 Procedure7.2.1 Mix the self-leveling mortar with liquid as prescribedby the manufacturer. In the absence of manufacturers instruc-tions the liquid content shall be adjusted to achieve an initialflow of 125 to 150 mm 5 to 6 in
28、. as per 8.4.NOTE 2Water is the most common mixing liquid although latexadmixtures or other liquids may be recommended by some manufacturers.7.2.2 Add the entire quantity of mixing liquid to the bowl.Start the mixer on speed 1 and start the timer. Mix times are tobe observed within 65 s of the recom
29、mended times.7.2.3 Add the dry self-leveling mortar to the mixer whilemixing at speed 1 during the first 30 s. (0-30 s on timer)7.2.4 Mix for an additional 30 s period, at speed 1. (30-60 son timer)7.2.5 Stop the mixer and quickly scrape down into the batchany mortar that may have collected on the s
30、ide of the bowl orblade. This must be completed within 30 s (60-90 s on timer)7.2.6 Mix at speed 2 for 240 s. (90-330 s on timer)7.2.7 In any case requiring a remixing interval, any mortaradhering to the side of the bowl shall be quickly scraped downinto the batch with the scraper prior to remixing.
31、8. Initial Flow, Flow Retention, Viscosity by Flow Cup,and Healing Time8.1 ScopeThis test method measures the flow of freshly-mixed, self-leveling mortar by releasing it from a rigid tubeafter a given time. The diameter of the spread mixture ismeasured after a specified time. Flow retention is measu
32、red byrepeating the test on aged material. Viscosity by Flow Cup ismeasured using an ISO flow cup and a modified Test MethodD5125 procedure on self leveling mortars that do not containfibers greater than 1 mm in length. Healing time is determinedby making specific cuts in the surface of the self-lev
33、elingmortar at regular time intervals and determining the latest timefor which the mortar will still heal as evaluated after setting.8.2 Significance and UseThe flow of a self-leveling mor-tar is a measure of its placeability. Establishing an acceptableflow range for the self-leveling mortar is crit
34、ical to the properuse of the self-leveling mortar. If the flow is too low, theself-leveling mortar will not be self-leveling and if the flow istoo high, the designed properties of the self-leveling mortarwill be compromised. A proper flow range must be establishedin order to determine the proper wat
35、er content to use whenevaluating the physical properties of the mortar. The flowretention and healing time provide an indication of the usefulworking time of the mortar. The viscosity of the mortar givesadditional information about the rheological characteristics,such as but not limited to, informat
36、ion about the ability toconvey the material in a mechanical pump.8.3 ApparatusC1708/C1708M 1628.3.1 Flow Ring: A tube made of smooth, non-corrosivematerial of 30.0 6 0.1 mm 114 6116 in. internal diameterand 50.0 6 0.1 mm 2 6116 in. high.8.3.2 A clean, dry 400 4006mm16in.16in.14in. square glass plate
37、.8.3.3 Atimer accurate to 1 s with a range of at least 60 min.8.3.4 A length-measuring device such as a ruler or tapemeasure divided into 1 mm 116 in. divisions at least 300 mm12 in. long.8.3.5 Rectangular pan with inside dimensions of at least 210mm 210 mm 812 812 in. with a nominal depth of at lea
38、st9mm38 in. made of metal or glass not attacked by theself-leveling mortar.8.3.6 A metal bar 6 mm 14 in. thick, with square edges,and at least 150 mm 6 in. long.NOTE 3The side of a mold used to prepare specimens for Test MethodC157/C157M is acceptable for this purpose.8.3.7 ISO Capillary Flow Cups a
39、s described in Test MethodD5125.NOTE 4ISO cups look like Ford cups, but instead of the non-capillaryhole in the bottom of the Ford cup, the ISO cup has a 20 mm long capillaryand is more like a true capillary viscometer. The typical orifice openingsused for self-leveling mortar are 6 mm and 8 mm. For
40、d cups are describedin Test Method D1200.8.4 Procedure8.4.1 Initial Flow:8.4.1.1 Place the flow ring centrally on the glass plate andplace this assembly on a firm horizontal surface not to departfrom horizontal by more than 0.5 (approximately equivalentto 1 mm in 100 mm 0.12 in. in 12 in.).8.4.1.2 W
41、ithin 30 s from the completion of mixing, com-pletely fill the flow ring, immediately lift the flow ring andsimultaneously start the timer. Lift the flow ring from the glassplate in a vertical direction to a height of 50 to 100 mm 2 to4 in. within 2 s and allow the material to empty from the ringont
42、o the glass plate.8.4.1.3 Allow the mortar to spread for 240 6 10 s andmeasure the diameter of the spread in two directions at rightangles using the length-measuring device. Record the averagediameter as the initial flow of the self-leveling material.8.4.1.4 Report the initial flow, mm in.8.4.2 Flow
43、 Retention:8.4.2.1 Repeat the flow test at 20 min and 30 min from thestarting time and record the flow. Remix the material by usingthe Practice C305 mixer, speed 1, for 5 to 10 s before filling theflow ring.8.4.2.2 Report the flow retention as the flow, mm in. at 20min and 30 min.NOTE 5Self-leveling
44、 mortars with flow retention times either shorteror longer than 20-30 min reported in 8.4.2.2 may be measured atappropriate 10 min intervals until material no longer flows out of the flowring.NOTE 6An alternate procedure for flow retention is to fill three flowrings after the completion of mixing. T
45、he first ring is lifted immediatelyand the second and third rings are lifted at 20 min and 30 min respectivelyfrom the starting time. This procedure is not recommended as the primarymethod of measuring flow retention but may be used to provide additionalinformation about the behavior of the material
46、 in a completely undisturbedcondition. The precision of this method is included in section 10.1.2.1 (2).8.4.3 Viscosity by Flow Cup Time:8.4.3.1 Verify the cup is standardized using the procedureoutlined in Test Method D5125. Standardization shall beperformed at least every 2 years and more frequent
47、ly if wear ofthe cup is evident or if errant results are present.8.4.3.2 Position the flow cup in a stand and level the standand cup. Position a receiving container under the cup.8.4.3.3 Within 30 s from the completion of mixing, close theorifice with finger and slightly overfill the flow cup withse
48、lf-leveling mortar by pouring slowly over 10-15 seconds.8.4.3.4 Remove any meniscus formed by drawing straightedge across the top of the cup.8.4.3.5 Remove the finger to start the flow and simultane-ously start a stopwatch.8.4.3.6 Watch for consistent flow. If sand or other contami-nant interrupts f
49、low discard test and repeat with new material.8.4.3.7 Looking into the top of the cup, stop the stopwatchwhen the orifice first becomes visible.NOTE 7 The cup need not be completely empty; some material mayremain on the sides. It is not necessary to see daylight through the orifice.8.4.3.8 Report the cup used and the time that the holebecame visible as the flow time.NOTE 8This value can be used to determine the viscosity by lookingup the correct value on the chart provided with the flow cup.NOTE
