1、Designation: C1713 11Standard Specification forMortars for the Repair of Historic Masonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1713; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers mortar for the repair of ma-sonry that was constructed with methods and materials thatpre-date the origination of
3、current standards of constructionthat are compatible with it. The mortar may be used fornon-structural purposes such as repointing of the masonry, orfor structural purposes such as, but not restricted to, re-construction or repair of mortar joints that contribute to thestructural integrity of the ma
4、sonry.1.2 Masonry includes the following units laid in mortar: (1)cast stone, (2) clay masonry unitsbrick and clay tile, (3)concrete masonry units, (4) natural stone, and (5) terra cotta.1.3 This specification may be used to pre-qualify mortar fora project.1.4 Mortars tested using this specification
5、 are laboratory-prepared mortars and do not represent in-place, site mortars.1.5 Use of this specification should be based on a thoroughunderstanding of the function, maintenance, and repair require-ments for the preservation and continued performance of themasonry in the context of the building str
6、ucture and long-termperformance. The user of this specification is responsible forexamining all criteria and selecting the appropriate mortarformulation and properties required.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalco
7、nversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pract
8、ices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C5 Specification for Quicklime for Structural PurposesC10 Specification for Natural CementC61 Specification for Gypsum Keenes CementC91 Specification for Masonry CementC109/C109M T
9、est Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,Hydrated Lime, and LimestoneC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC141 Specification for Hydraulic Hydrated Lime for Struc-
10、tural PurposesC144 Specification for Aggregate for Masonry MortarC150 Specification for Portland CementC207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-posesC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit MasonryC305 Practice
11、 for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC780 Test Method for Precon
12、struction and ConstructionEvaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced UnitMasonryC948 Test Method for Dry and Wet Bulk Density, WaterAbsorption, and Apparent Porosity of Thin Sections ofGlass-Fiber Reinforced Concrete1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C12 onMortars an
13、d Grouts for Unit Masonry and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee C12.03 on Specifications for Mortars.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1713 10. DOI:10.1520/C171311.2For referenced ASTM st
14、andards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken
15、, PA 19428-2959, United States.C979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally ColoredConcreteC1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies forMasonryC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC1329 Specification for Mortar CementC
16、1357 Test Methods for Evaluating Masonry BondStrengthC1384 Specification for Admixtures for Masonry MortarsC1400 Guide for Reduction of Efflorescence Potential inNew Masonry WallsC1403 Test Method for Rate of Water Absorption of Ma-sonry MortarsC1489 Specification for Lime Putty for Structural Purpo
17、sesC1506 Test Method for Water Retention of HydraulicCement-Based Mortars and PlastersE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE2260 Guide for Repointing (Tuckpointing) Historic Ma-sonry3. Terminology3.1 The terms used in this specification are identified inTerminology C1180.3.2
18、 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aggregate, nmaterial as defined in TerminologyC1180, but limited to the material groups listed under Section4 of this specification.3.2.2 binder, nmaterial as defined in Terminology C1180,but limited to the cementitious material groups listed und
19、erSection 4 of this specification to be mixed with potable water.3.2.3 curing, nprocess by which a mortar gains its long-term, final-state properties.3.2.4 curing time (CT), nnumber of days in which ahardened state sample is cured before testing.3.2.5 historic masonry, nmasonry that may have beencon
20、structed with methods and materials that pre-date theorigination of current standards.3.3 Properties, as determined by Section 8 of this specifi-cation:3.3.1 absorption rate (AR), na measure of the hardenedmortars ability to absorb water from a dry condition, measuredas the initial flow of water int
21、o the mortar, as defined under TestMethod C1403 and evaluated at the specified curing time (CT).3.3.2 air content, ncumulative volume of air in a mortar,as a percentage of the total volume of mortar in its plastic state.3.3.3 flexural bond strength (FBS), nmaximum flexuraltensile stress that causes
22、failure of the bond between the mortarand masonry unit in a tested assembly at the specified curingtime (CT).3.3.4 maximum compressive strength (Fcmx), nupper al-lowable limit on the ultimate strength of a hardened mortarsample subjected to compression measured as force per unitarea at the specified
23、 curing time (CT).3.3.5 minimum compressive strength (Fc), nlower allow-able limit on the ultimate strength of a hardened mortar samplesubjected to compression measured as force per unit area at thespecified curing time (CT).3.3.6 total porosity, nvolume percentage of all pores orvoid space in the m
24、ortar at the specified curing time (CT).3.3.7 water retention, nas defined in Terminology C1180.Test shall be conducted on a sample in its plastic state.3.3.8 water vapor permeability (WVP), nability of amortar to pass water through it in vapor form at the specifiedcuring time (CT).4. Constituent Ma
25、terials4.1 Binder Materials shall be classified into the followinggroups:4.1.1 Group LLime (non-hydraulic) shall conform to thefollowing specifications:4.1.1.1 Hydrated Lime shall conform to Specification C207,Types S or SA. Types N and NA hydrated limes are permittedif soaked or shown by test or pe
26、rformance record to be notdetrimental to the mortar.4.1.1.2 Lime putty shall conform to Specification C1489.NOTE 1Specification C5, Appendix 1, may be used, and the resultingputty should meet the requirements of Specification C1489.4.1.2 Group HLHydraulic Lime shall conform to thefollowing specifica
27、tion:4.1.2.1 Hydraulic Hydrated Limeshall conform to Speci-fication C141.4.1.3 Group HCHydraulic Cements shall conform to thefollowing specifications:4.1.3.1 Blended Hydraulic Cementshall conform toSpecification C595.NOTE 2Blended hydraulic cement may not be appropriate for struc-tures built before
28、the second half of the 20th century.4.1.3.2 Performance Hydraulic Cementshall conform toSpecification C1157.NOTE 3Performance hydraulic cement may not be appropriate forstructures built before the second half of the 20th century.4.1.3.3 Masonry Cementshall conform to SpecificationC91.4.1.3.4 Mortar
29、Cementshall conform to SpecificationC1329.4.1.3.5 Natural Cementshall conform to SpecificationC10.4.1.3.6 Portland Cementshall conform to SpecificationC150.NOTE 4For interior gypsum mortar based systems requiring gypsumcement refer to Specification C61 and consult with the product manufac-turer rega
30、rding exposure suitability.4.2 AggregatesAggregate shall conform to SpecificationC144. Aggregates that conform to all aspects of SpecificationC144 except for the gradation limits are permitted if demon-strated by their history of performance under equivalentconditions and mortar formulation to be no
31、n-detrimental to themortar. To determine aggregate gradation, use Test MethodC136.NOTE 5The need to aesthetically match the color and texture of anexisting mortar may be justification for deviating from the gradation limitsof Specification C144.C1713 1124.3 WaterWater shall be clean and free of oils
32、, acids,alkalies, salts, organic materials, or other substances that aredeleterious to mortar or any metal used in the masonry.4.4 Admixtures:4.4.1 Admixturesshall meet the requirements of Specifi-cation C1384. Calcium chloride is not permitted. Other admix-tures that are outside the scope of Specif
33、ication C1384 arepermitted if they contain no more than 0.3 % water-solublealkali and if demonstrated by their history of performanceunder equivalent conditions and mortar formulation to benon-detrimental to the mortar and items in contact.4.4.2 PigmentsPigments shall meet the requirements ofSpecifi
34、cation C979. Pigments which are not described bySpecification C979 are permitted if demonstrated by theirhistory of performance under equivalent conditions and mortarformulation to be non-detrimental to the mortar. Pigmentaddition shall not exceed 10 % by weight of the bindermaterials except for car
35、bon black which is limited to 2 %unless otherwise demonstrated by history of performanceunder equivalent conditions and mortar formulation to benon-detrimental to the mortar.5. Mortar Proportioning5.1 Binder/Aggregate Ratio:5.1.1 Combine the mortars in volume ratios of 1 part totalbinder materials t
36、o 2 to 312 parts aggregate.5.1.2 Mortars specified outside volume ratios of 1 part totalbinder materials to 2 to 312 parts aggregate shall be permittedif shown by history of use or by mortar testing per thisspecification to be not detrimental to the mortar.NOTE 6Most common mortars have total binder
37、 to aggregate ratios of1 part total cementitious materials to 212 to 3 part aggregate, whereassome earlier mortars may have ratios as high as 1 to 1.5.2 Air Entraining BindersAir entraining binders shallnot be used in combination with other air entraining binders orwith a separate air entrainment ad
38、mixture.6. Requirements6.1 Establishing Mortar Proportions:6.1.1 Specify mortars by (1) proportion specification, con-stituent materials and their respective volume proportions, or(2) property specification, constituent materials (or proprietaryproducts names) and required properties, in accordance
39、withTable 1.6.1.1.1 Specifiers using the proportion specification shallselect binder and aggregate proportions based upon an estab-lished history of performance or testing that documents satis-factory performance of the combinations and proportionsspecified, and in conformance with Section 5 of this
40、 specifi-cation.NOTE 7WVP of the mortar should be greater than that of the masonryunits, and equal to or greater than that of the substrate mortar wherepresent.NOTE 8Vapor permeability will generally decrease with increasinghydraulic constituents; however, aggregate gradation and admixtures cangreat
41、ly influence the value.7. Test Samples and Preparation7.1 Material ProportioningLaboratory mixed mortarspecified by volume proportions shall contain the mortarmaterials as indicated in the mortar specification. Volumeproportions shall be converted to weights using the batch factorcalculated as follo
42、ws:7.1.1 Material Proportioning for Test Batches of Mortar:7.1.1.1 Batch factor = 1440/ 1280 kg/m3(bulk density ofaggregate) times total aggregate volume proportion.NOTE 9A batch size using 1440 g of aggregate will typically result inenough mortar for water retention testing and one set of three 2-i
43、n. cubesfor compressive strength testing. Several batches with the same water tobinder ratio may be necessary to complete all tests.7.1.1.2 Oven dry and cool to room temperature all aggregateused for test mortars. Mortars preblended with aggregaterequire no proportioning.7.1.2 Constituent materials
44、shall have the bulk densities asnoted in Table 2.7.2 Masonry Units for Use in Water Vapor Permeability andBond StrengthMasonry units shall be the actual masonryunits to be used in the field, or if unavailable, a brick meetingSpecification C216, Grade SW with absorption propertiessimilar to the in-si
45、tu masonry units, if known.7.3 Mortar MixingMix the mortar in accordance withPractice C305 with the exception that for Group L and GroupHL mortars and those combined mortars at or greater than45 % lime by binder volume the initial mixing time is extendedto 1 min and the resting time is extended to 1
46、.5 min.NOTE 10These time extensions allow for the full wetting of themortar constituents.7.4 Test Sample Molding:7.4.1 For total porosity, absorption rate and compressivestrength testing, mold the 2-in. (50 mm) cubes in accordancewith Test Method C109/C109M, subsections on SpecimenMolds and Molding
47、Test Specimens. For mortars to be used asunit bedding, add enough water to obtain flow of 110 6 5%.For mortars to be used as repointing mortars, add enough waterto obtain a Vicat Cone Penetrometer value (Test Method C780,Annex A1, Consistency by Cone Penetration Test Method) of15 mm 6 5%.7.4.2 For v
48、apor transmission and bond strength testing moldthe samples according to Test Method C1357, with the excep-tion that for the vapor transmission the specimen is two brick,and cheese cloth is to be used as a bond break, and mortar is tohave flow values of 120 6 5%. If the binder material toaggregate v
49、olume ratio has not been specified, use a value of1:3 binder to aggregate ratio measured by volume with sandmeeting Specification C144.7.5 Sample DemoldingTable 3 summarizes the demoldingtime required for different binder combinations.7.6 Specimen Storage and CuringThe storage and curingconditions in Table 3 shall be maintained both before and afterdemolding, for the duration of the specified Curing Time (CT).7.6.1 Test specimens stored at 70 6 5 % RH shall be placedin a cabinet or environmental chamber where the relativehumidity
