1、Designation: C1716/C1716M 18Standard Specification forCompression Testing Machine Requirements for ConcreteMasonry Units, Related Units, and Prisms1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1716/C1716M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification provides minimum design standardsfor testing machines u
3、sed to measure the compressive strengthof concrete masonry units, related units, and masonry prismscovered under Test Methods C140/C140M and C1314.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and f
4、igures) shall not be consideredas requirements of this standard.1.3 This specification shall be used to determine the maxi-mum allowable specimen size and the maximum allowableload limits on a specific specimen for any test machine. Theselimits are based on deflection of the bearing surfaces and the
5、machine load frame. These limits may not reflect the actualcapacity of the machine and do not supersede the machinemanufacturers recommended operational limits.The user mustdetermine if testing machine capacities, allowable specimensize and maximum allowable load are appropriate for thesample to be
6、tested.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conforman
7、cewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limi
8、tations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization
9、 TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Con-crete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies forMasonryC1314 Test Method for Compressive Strength of MasonryPrismsE
10、4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bearing, adjdirect contact with the specimen beingtested, as in bearing plate, bearing block, and bearing platen.3.1.2 block, nsteel piece 50 mm 2 in. thick or greaterthat provides additional load capacity in b
11、ending to platens.3.1.2.1 DiscussionBlocks may be used to accommodatetesting specimens of various heights in a testing machine.3.1.3 composite, adjmade up of two or more pieces ormaterials.3.1.4 load frame, nall components of the testing machinethat react against forces applied to the test specimen
12、duringtesting.3.1.5 plate, nsteel piece less than 50 mm 2 in. thick.3.1.5.1 DiscussionPlates are used to accommodate testspecimens of various heights in a testing machine but do notprovide additional load capacity in bending to platens orblocks. Plates can also be used as bearing surfaces.3.1.6 plat
13、en, nthe primary bearing surfaces of the testingmachine.3.1.6.1 DiscussionPlaten is a general term without spe-cific properties implied. In general, the lower platen is semi-permanently fixed to the testing machine and the upper platenis semi-permanently fixed to a hemispherical thrust bearing.1This
14、 specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.04 on Research.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C1716/C1716
15、M 16. DOI:10.1520/C1716_C1716M-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes secti
16、on appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on
17、Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.7 spacer, nplates, blocks, or equipment and fixturesspecific to a testing machine, used to adjust the position ofbearing surfac
18、es to accommodate test specimens.NOTE 1Plates, blocks or platens used in bearing must be hardened.Spacers do not have to be hardened. Blocks are structural while plates arenot.4. Testing Machine Requirements4.1 Machine Loading Requirements:4.1.1 The testing machine must be power operated andapply th
19、e load continuously, rather than intermittently, andwithout shock.4.1.2 The machine must be capable of maintaining specificloading rates required by the test. Variations in the loading rateover the elastic portion of the test shall not exceed 620 % ofthe set loading rate.4.1.3 The testing machine mu
20、st be capable of a minimum of50 mm 2 in. of continuous travel or displacement to accom-modate positioning and testing of a specimen.4.2 Gauges and DisplaysGauges and displays indicatingloads shall meet the requirements of Practices E4, except in nocase shall the verified force range include forces l
21、ess than 100times the resolution of the force indicator.4.3 AccuracyThe accuracy and calibration of the testingmachine shall meet the requirements of Practices E4. Prior totesting, calibration is required:4.3.1 At the frequency prescribed in Practice C1093,4.3.2 On original installation or after rel
22、ocation,4.3.3 Whenever there is reason to suspect the accuracy ofthe indicated loads, or4.3.4 After making repairs or adjustments that affect theoperation of the force applying system or the values displayedon the load indicating system, except for zero adjustments thatcompensate for the mass of bea
23、ring blocks or specimen, orboth.4.4 Load Frame:4.4.1 Load frames shall have a minimum lateral stiffness of18106N/m 10 104lb/in., and a longitudinal stiffness of18108N/m 10 106lb/in.4.4.2 Differential longitudinal strain of the load frame due toan eccentric loading shall be limited to 0.0001 mm/mm 0.
24、0001in./in. at the maximum capacity of the machine or the ratedcapacity of the specific test setup. Eccentricity of the load shallbe considered as 5 % of the maximum width of the specimen.See Appendix X1 for a discussion on allowable longitudinalstrain and machine capacity.NOTE 2In testing machines
25、with significant differences in lateralstiffness, the center of mass and center of effort shall lie on the axisperpendicular to the axis of maximum lateral stiffness (see Fig. X1.1). Testspecimen centroid of compressive strength may not coincide with itscentroid of mass. Test specimen section aspect
26、 ratio affects measuredcompressive strength but not mass.4.4.3 If the design of the load frame makes it an integral partof the support against deflection for platens, blocks, or testingheads, the specific parts of the load frame supporting platens,blocks, or testing heads shall meet the requirements
27、 of 4.9 forflatness, finish, and materials.4.4.4 Testing machines with fixed geometry frames andadjustable geometry frames are permitted.4.5 Plates, Blocks, and Platens:4.5.1 Plates, blocks, and platens shall meet requirements of4.9 for flatness and surface finish. Surface treatments or platingto re
28、duce corrosion is permitted.4.5.2 Spacer PlateA one piece steel plate, less than 50mm 2 in. in thickness and greater than 11.5 mm 0.45 in. inthickness. Spacer plates shall not be used in direct contact withthe test specimen. Spacer plates provide no additional loadcapacity in bending to platens or b
29、locks.4.5.3 Bearing PlateA one piece hardened steel plate, lessthan 50 mm 2 in. in thickness and greater than 11.5 mm 0.45in. in thickness. Bearing plates provide a bearing surface indirect contact with a test specimen. Bearing plates provide noadditional load capacity in bending to platens or block
30、s.4.5.4 Spacer BlockA one piece steel plate, 50 mm 2 in.in thickness or greater. Spacer blocks shall not be used in directcontact with the test specimen.4.5.5 Bearing BlockA one piece hardened steel plate, 50mm 2 in. in thickness or greater, that provides a bearingsurface in direct contact with a te
31、st specimen. Bearing blocksprovide additional load capacity in bending to platens orblocks.4.5.6 PlatenA one piece steel plate, at least 25 mm 1 in.thick when new and at least 22 mm 0.9 in. thick when inservice. Platens may be unhardened if they are not used forbearing.NOTE 3Platens 50 mm 2 in. thic
32、k or greater act as blocks andbearing capacities in bending are calculated accordingly.4.6 Spacers:4.6.1 Spacers and bearing plates are permitted. Plates,blocks, and spacers are used to adjust the position of bearingsurfaces to accommodate test specimens.NOTE 4Plates and blocks are usually placed be
33、tween the upper andlower platens to accommodate specimen size while spacers are usuallyplaced between testing heads and the frame of the testing machine.4.6.2 Spacers excluding those provided by the testing ma-chine manufacturer must be constructed of steel.4.6.3 Non-ferrous and composite spacers, p
34、rovided by thetesting machine manufacturer, used between the upper testinghead and the lower platen shall have their load capacity clearlyindicated on the spacer and shall be used with a block orbearing block between the spacer and the test specimen.NOTE 5The block may be integral to the design of a
35、 composite spacer.4.6.4 Spacers placed between the lower platen and lowerbearing block must be a minimum of 6 mm 0.25 in. wider and6 mm 0.25 in. longer than the effective bearing area of thelower platen required for the test, or the length and width of theplaten, whichever is smaller.4.6.5 Spacers u
36、sed between the upper and lower platen mustmeet all requirements of 4.9 for flatness and surface finish.4.7 Hemispherical Head Design:4.7.1 The upper platen or bearing surface of the testingmachine shall be supported with a hemispherical thrust bearingto allow small angular movement of the bearing s
37、urface.C1716/C1716M 182NOTE 6The preferred design includes a socket and ball hemisphericalsection semi-permanently or permanently attached to a single bearingblock or platen.4.7.2 The ball and the socket shall be designed so that thesteel in the contact area of the hemispherical bearing does notperm
38、anently deform when loaded to the capacity of the testingmachine or the rated load of the testing head.4.7.3 The curved surfaces of the hemispherical bearingsurface shall be kept clean and shall be lubricated withpetroleum-type oil such as conventional motor oil and not withgrease.NOTE 7After contac
39、ting the specimen and application of small initialload, further tilting of the spherically seated block is neither intended nordesirable. Spherical bearing blocks that rotate under load may reducemeasured strengths.4.7.4 The upper bearing surface and its attachment to thespherical seat shall be such
40、 that the bearing face can be rotatedfreely at least 2 in any direction perpendicular to the axis ofloading.4.7.5 Close contact of the hemispherical bearing surfaces ispreferred. Testing head designs with the surfaces not held inclose contact at all times shall have suitable alignment fixturesto ass
41、ure the hemispherical bearing surfaces contact withlateral motion less than 0.75 mm 0.03 in.4.7.6 The radius of the hemispherical bearing shall notextend beyond the bearing face of the upper platen or bearingblock.4.7.7 Hemispherical bearings utilizing non-integral con-struction shall be designed to
42、 withstand lateral loads up to 7 %of the maximum rated capacity of the testing head. Non-integral construction for hemispherical bearings are thosebearing heads with the convex hemispherical bearing sectionmechanically connected to the bearing block or upper platen,rather than those machined from a
43、single piece of steel.4.7.8 If any portion of the upper platen is less than 50 mm2 in. thick, that portion shall be considered a spacer forcalculations of deflection under load. In a hemispherical headutilizing non-integral construction, the hemispherical bearingportion shall be exempt from this req
44、uirement.4.7.9 The bearing surface shall be designed to meet therequirements of 4.10 for deflection under load.4.8 Lower Platen Design:4.8.1 If the lower platen is the primary bearing surface, thebearing surface shall be designed to meet the requirements of4.10 for deflection under load.4.8.2 If any
45、 portion of the lower platen is less than 50 mm2 in. thick, it shall be considered a spacer for calculations ofdeflection under load.4.9 Prescriptive Design Requirements for Blocks and Plat-ens:4.9.1 The working surfaces of blocks, plates and platensshall be finished to better than RMS (root mean sq
46、uare) 63.Bearing surfaces shall be finished to RMS 30 or better. Top andbottom surfaces must be parallel within 60.0005 mm/mm0.0005 in./in. on plates less than 50 mm 2 in. thick and60.0010 mm/mm 0.0010 in.in. on platens and blocks 50mm 2 in. or greater in thickness.4.9.2 The length and width of bear
47、ing blocks, plates, andplatens shall be a minimum of 6 mm 0.25 in. larger than thelength and width of the test specimen, respectively.4.9.3 Any surface within 1.2 mm 0.05 in. of an edge isexempt from finish and flatness requirements.4.9.4 Side surfaces not intended for loading are excludedfrom finis
48、h requirements.4.9.5 Surfaces shall be flat within 60.0125 mm in 150 mm0.0005 in. in 6 in. In addition, the entire surface excludingthe edges must be flat within 60.025 mm 0.001 in. If abearing surface is rated to a maximum specimen size, theflatness tolerance applies to the rated working area and t
49、herated size must be clearly indicated on the front of the plate,block, or platen. The rated working area shall meet therequirements of 4.9.2.NOTE 8Compliance with flatness tolerances can be determined usinga suitable straight edge and feeler gauge. A 0.025-mm 0.001-in. feelergage should be a no-go gage under a 150-mm 6-in. straight edge on anyportion of the working area. A 0.075-mm 0.003-in. feeler gauge shouldbe a no-go gauge under a straight edge spanning any portion of the ratedwo
