1、Designation: C1728 12Standard Specification forFlexible Aerogel Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1728; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the classification and perfor-mance of flexible aerogel thermal insulation. This will coverthe range of continuous exposure opera
3、ting temperatures from-321F (-196C) up to 1200 F (649C).1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protec-tive vapor retarders or barriers shall be used on below ambienttemperature applications to reduce movement of moisturethrough or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failureto
4、use a vapor retarder or barrier could lead to insulation andsystem non-performance.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.
5、4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods described in this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health
6、 practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Propertiesof Thermal InsulationsC167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket orBatt Thermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Rela
7、ting to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Tra
8、nsfer Proper-ties of Pipe InsulationC356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of PreformedHigh-Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soak-ing HeatC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC4
9、47 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Tempera-ture of Thermal InsulationsC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal In-sulation for Light Frame Construction and ManufacturedHousin
10、gC795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-tact with Austenitic Stainless SteelC1045 Practice for CalculatingThermalTransmission Prop-erties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluatingand Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal InsulationC1101
11、/C1101M Test Methods for Classifying the Flexibil-ity or Rigidity of Mineral Fiber Blanket and BoardInsulationC1104/C1104M Test Method for Determining the WaterVapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber InsulationC1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Thin-Hea
12、ter ApparatusC1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance ofInsulation Materials and FacingsC1511 Test Method for Determining the Water Retention(Repellency) Characteristics of Fibrous Glass Insulation(Aircraft Type)E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE2231
13、Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofPipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess SurfaceBurning Characteristics2.2 Other Standards:3CAN/ULC-S102 Standard Method of Test for Surface1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct
14、responsibility of Subcommittee C16.23 onBlanket and Loose Fill Insulation.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2012. Published January 2012. DOI: 10.1520/C1728-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
15、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,WA 98607-8542, http:/.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit
16、ed States.Burning Characteristics of Building Materials andAssem-blies3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions used in this specification,see Terminology A0.3.2 flexible aerogel insulation, na flexible insulation con-taining a composite of aerogel, fibrous carrying media, orreinforcements, or
17、a combination thereof.3.2.1 DiscussionOpacifiers are sometimes added as eitherfibers or powders.4. Classification4.1 Flexible12 aerogel insulation shall be classified intothree Types based on the maximum use temperature:4.1.1 Type I 257F (125C)4.1.2 Type II 390F (200C)4.1.3 Type III 1200 F (649C)4.2
18、 Types I and II are subdivided as Grade 1 (tested in flatconfiguration) and Categories A or B by thermal conductivity.4.3 Type III is subdivided into two Grades 1 and 2 wherebyGrade 1 is tested in a flat configuration using Test MethodC177 and Grade 2 is tested only in a pipe configuration usingTest
19、 Method C335.5. Ordering Information5.1 The Type, Grade, Category, dimensions, and thicknessshall be specified by the purchaser. A product certification (ifrequired) shall be specified in the purchase order.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 CompositionFlexible aerogel insulation is a compos-ite of an
20、amorphous silica-based aerogel, a fibrous carryingmedia, or reinforcements, or a combination thereof, that allowthe construct to be flexible.6.1.1 A fibrous carrying media or reinforcement, or both,consists of the following: fibers, batts, strips, sheets, or somecombination thereof.6.1.1.1 This fibr
21、ous carrying media or reinforcement mate-rial, or both, is either organic, such as polyester, or inorganic,such as glass fibers. Additionally, some flexible aerogel insu-lation contains additives such as a water resistant treatment oropacifiers, or both.7. Physical, Mechanical and Chemical PropertyR
22、equirementsNOTE 1Performance requirements for flexible aerogel insulation(Type I Grade 1 Category A, Type I Grade 1 Category B, Type II Grade1 CategoryA, Type II Grade 1 Category B, and Type III Grade 1 CategoryA and Type III Grade 2 Category A) are given in Table 1.7.1 Maximum Use TemperatureWhen t
23、ested in accor-dance withTest Method C411 in a flat configuration and the hotsurface performance of Practice C447 in a flat configuration atthe insulations maximum use temperature at a thickness of 80mm or manufacturers maximum recommended thickness, theflexible aerogel insulation shall not warp, fl
24、ame, or glow duringhot surface exposure. No evidence of melting or fiber degra-dation shall be evident upon post-test inspection.7.2 Thickness and DensityThe thickness and density shallbe determined and reported in accordance with Test MethodsC167 or C303.7.3 Apparent Thermal Conductivity:7.3.1 Dete
25、rmine the thermal conductivity as a function oftemperature for the representative specimens with data ob-tained from a series of thermal tests utilizing Test MethodsC177, C518, C1114,orC335 as appropriate for the materialunder study. Specimen shall be tested unfaced and, forType III,Grade 2 (pipe co
26、nfiguration per Test Method C335), test at aminimum of 4 layers. Each layer shall have a minimumthickness of 0.2 in (5 mm). The test report shall state thebarometric pressure at the time of the tests. See Note 2 below.7.3.2 As specified in Practice C1045, the range of testconditions must include at
27、least one test where the hot surfacetemperature is greater than, or equal to, the hot limit of thetemperature range of desired data and at least one test wherethe cold temperature is less than, or equal to, the cold limit ofthe temperature range desired. At least two additional testsshall be perform
28、ed and distributed evenly over the rest of thetemperature range.7.3.3 Final analysis of the thermal data shall be conducted inaccordance with Practice C1045 to generate a thermal conduc-tivity versus temperature relationship for the specimen.7.3.4 The final step of Practice C1045 analysis is to calc
29、u-late the thermal conductivity using the equations generated ata set of mean temperatures for comparison to the specification.7.3.5 Practice C1058 shall be used to obtain recommendedtest temperature combinations for testing purposes.7.4 FlexibilityWhen tested at the installed thickness inaccordance
30、 with the Test Methods C1101/C1101M, the sheetmust qualify as flexible.7.5 Corrosiveness to Steel When tested and evaluated inaccordance with the corrosiveness test of Specification C665,the corrosion resulting from insulation in contact with steelplates shall be judged to be no greater than for com
31、parativeplates in contact with sterile cotton. Test the compositeinsulation material (with facing and adhesive) when a facing isfactory adhered by the manufacturer or the fabricator.7.6 Water Vapor SorptionWhen tested in accordance theTest Method C1104/C1104M, the water vapor sorption of theflexible
32、 insulation shall be not more than5%byweight.7.7 Fungi ResistanceWhen tested in accordance in accor-dance with the fungi resistance Test Method C1338, the testspecimens shall have no growth.7.8 Surface Burning CharacteristicsTest in accordancewith Test Method E84 using the specimen preparation andmo
33、unting techniques of Practice E2231. For Canada, test inaccordance with Test Method CAN/ULC-S102.NOTE 2The thermal transmission properties of flexible aerogel insu-lation, both flat and in a pipe configuration, may vary with temperature,temperature gradient, moisture content, thickness, and shape. N
34、ote that theapparent thermal conductivity requirements in Table 1 are based onsamples tested under the conditions specified in the test procedure givenin 7.3.1 above. These are comparative values for establishing specificationcompliances. In some cases they do not represent the installed perfor-manc
35、e of the insulation under use conditions since those may differsubstantially from the test conditions.C1728 1227.9 Maximum Exothermic Temperature RiseFor Type IIImaterial only (that is, those used at service temperaturesgreater than 390F (199C), when tested in accordance withTest Method C411 and Pra
36、ctice C447 at the maximum thick-ness specified by the manufacturer, no internal temperature atany time shall exceed the hot surface temperature by more than200F (93C) with thermocouples installed between eachmaterial layer. This criterion applies during heat-up, as well as,steady state conditions.7.
37、10 Water retentionFor Types I and II materials, test inaccordance with Test Method C1511. The water retention aftersubmersion shall be less than the value given in Table 1. ForTABLE 1 Performance Requirements for Types I, II, and III Flexible Aerogel InsulationType I I II II III IIIGrade 1111 1 2Ctg
38、oy ABAB A AMaximum use temperature,F (C)257(125)257(125)390(199)390(199)1200(649)1200(649)Minimum use temperature,F (C)-321(-196)-321(-196)-321(-196)-321(-196)75(24)75(24)Minimum / Maximum Composite Density,lbs/ft3(kg/m3)1.9to6.3(30 to 100)5.0to11.2(80 to 180)4.7to9.4(75 to 150)5.0to11.2(80 to 180)1
39、0.0 to 15.0(160 to 240)10.0 to 15.0(160 to 240)Apparent thermal conductivity,max, Btuin/hft2F (W/mK) Mean Temperature, F (C)-200 (-129) 0.098(0.014)0.096(0.014)0.073(0.011)0.093(0.013)N/A N/A-100 (-73.3) 0.12(0.017)0.10(0.015)0.091(0.013)0.10(0.015)N/A N/A0 (-17.8) 0.14(0.021)0.11(0.016)0.11(0.016)0
40、.11(0.016)N/A N/A75 (23.9) 0.17(0.024)0.12(0.017)0.13(0.019)0.12(0.017)0.14(0.021)0.16(0.023)100 (37.8) 0.17(0.025)0.12(0.017)0.14(0.020)0.12(0.018)0.15(0.022)0.17(0.024)200 (93.3) 0.21(0.030)0.13(0.019)0.18(0.025)0.14(0.021)0.16(0.023)0.18(0.024)300 (149) NA NA 0.22(0.032)0.19(0.027)0.18(0.025)0.21
41、(0.028)400 (204) NA NA NA NA 0.20(0.029)0.24(0.033)500 (260) NA NA NA NA 0.22(0.032)0.28(0.035)600 (316) NA NA NA NA 0.25(0.036)0.33(0.040)700 (371) NA NA NA NA 0.30(0.043)0.39(0.048)Compressive resistance, min, 10% deformation, psi (kPa) 0.75(5.2)5(34.5)5(34.5)5(34.5)3(20.7)3(20.7)Surface burning c
42、haracteristics: Flame spread index, max Smokedeveloped, maxNot Rated 2550Not Rated Not Rated 510510Exothermic temperature rise, maximum, with no facings or jacketingof any type, run at maximum recommended thicknessNA NA NA NA 200 F(93.3 C)200 F(93.3 C)Water retention, maximum % by weight 150% 5% 5%
43、5% 5% 5%C1728 123Type III materials, test in accordance with Test Method C1511,after preheating the sample for 24 hours at 600 F. The waterretention after submersion shall be less than 5% by weight.7.11 Stress Corrosion Performance for Use on AusteniticStainless Steel Compliance with Specification C
44、795 is nec-essary only when requested to assess corrosivity when theinsulation is applied to austenitic stainless steel surfaces.7.12 Compressive ResistanceTest in accordance with TestMethod C165 with preloading.7.13 Linear Shrinkage after exposure to maximum usetemperatureWhen tested in accordance
45、with Test MethodC356, linear shrinkage shall be less than 2% in length andwidth directions.7.14 Sag ResistanceTest material in a pipe configurationin accordance with Test Method C411. The percent thicknesschange shall be less than or equal to 5%.8. Qualification Requirements8.1 Qualification Require
46、mentsThe following require-ments shall be employed for the purpose of initial productqualification:8.1.1 Maximum use temperature,8.1.2 Linear shrinkage after exposure to maximum usetemperature,8.1.3 Compressive resistance, at 10% deformation,8.1.4 Apparent thermal conductivity,8.1.5 Density, for des
47、ign purposes only,8.1.6 Flexibility,8.1.7 Corrosiveness to steel,8.1.8 Water vapor sorption,8.1.9 Fungi resistance,8.1.10 Surface burning characteristics,8.1.11 Maximum exothermic temperature rise8.1.12 Water retention after submersion,8.1.13 Compliance with Specification C795 is necessarywhen reque
48、sted to assess corrosivity only when the insulationis applied to austenitic stainless steel pipe, and8.1.14 Sag resistance.9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations9.1 The sizes and tolerances of flexible aerogel insulationshall either be agreed upon between the purchaser and thesupplier or as given
49、in Table 2 below.10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance10.1 The insulation shall have good workmanship and shallnot have defects, which adversely affect its installation andservice qualities.11. Sampling11.1 Sampling of the insulation shall be in accordance withcriteria in Practice C390. Specific provisions for sampling shallbe agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.12. Inspection12.1 The following requirements are employed for purposesof acceptance sampling of lots or shipments of qualifiedinsulation:
