1、Designation: C1731 13Standard Specification forConcrete Floor Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indica
2、tes the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this specification is to establish the product specifications and minimumperformance requirements of concrete floor tile.1. Scope1.1 This specificat
3、ion covers concrete floor tile (CFT) forapplication as interior and exterior flooring. The units de-scribed by this specification are manufactured from cementi-tious materials, mineral aggregates (normal weight,lightweight, or both), water, and additives that are cast intovarious textures and shapes
4、, often simulating natural stone,brick, terracotta, saltillo, and others.1.2 This specification is limited to requirements for thephysical attributes for the CFT units.1.3 The use of results from testing installed CFT units thathave been removed from use for determining conformance ornonconformance
5、to the requirements of this specification isbeyond the scope of this specification.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.
6、5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Doc
7、uments2.1 ASTM Standards:C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related Un
8、itsC150 Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-creteC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con
9、creteMasonry UnitsC482 Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile toPortland Cement PasteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979 Spec
10、ification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Con-creteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete andMortarsC1028 Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient ofFriction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by theHorizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter MethodC1093 Practice for Accredi
11、tation of Testing Agencies forMasonryC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for HydraulicCementC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1353 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of DimensionStone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary Platform,Double-Head
12、 AbraserC1600/C1600M Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydrau-lic CementC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement Concrete1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of S
13、ubcommitteeC15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published January 2013. DOI: 10.1520/C173113.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1645 Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De
14、-icing SaltDurability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving UnitsNOTE 1An installation guide for concrete floor tile (CFT) is beingdeveloped concurrently in Subcommittee C15.05 Masonry Assemblies.3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall applyfor this section.3.2 Definitions o
15、f Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 concrete floor tile (CFT), nmanufactured masonryunit that is a blend of cementitious material, aggregates,pigments, chemical admixtures, and water that is designed tobe applied via masonry mortar to a horizontal substrate.3.2.2 back pattern, ngrooves or other
16、textures included onthe back of the CFT unit.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Cementitious Materials shall conform to the followingapplicable specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150.4.1.2 Blended CementSpecification C595.4.1.3 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157/C1157M.4.1.4 Rapid Hard
17、ening Hydraulic CementsSpecificationC1600/C1600M.4.1.5 Pozzolans and Fly AshSpecification C618.4.1.6 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace SlagSpecification C989.4.2 Aggregates shall conform to the following applicablespecifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal
18、 WeightSpecification C33.4.2.2 LightweightSpecification C331.4.3 Chemical Admixtures shall conform to the followingapplicable specifications:4.3.1 Air-Entraining AdmixturesSpecification C260.4.3.2 Water-Reducing, Retarding, and AcceleratingAdmixturesSpecification C494/C494M.4.3.3 Pigments for Integr
19、ally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979.4.4 Reinforcing FibersSpecification C1116/C1116M.4.5 WaterSpecification C1602/C1602M.4.6 Other ConstituentsIntegral water repellents and othermaterials shall be previously established as suitable for use inconcrete floor tile or shall be shown by test or exper
20、ience notto be detrimental to concrete floor tile or any material custom-arily used in concrete floor tile construction.5. Physical Properties5.1 Dimensions:5.1.1 CFT units shall have a minimum thickness of14 in.(6.4 mm) and a maximum thickness of 1.2 in. (30 mm).5.1.2 CFT units shall not exceed 36
21、in. (914 mm) in anyface dimension.5.1.3 Dimensional Tolerances:5.1.3.1 Standard UnitsFor standard units, no overall di-mension (width, height, and length) shall differ by more than618 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified dimensions.5.1.3.2 Irregular UnitsFor irregular units that featuredeliberate dimensi
22、onal variations more than 618 in. (3.2 mm),the CFT manufacturer shall be consulted as to specific dimen-sional tolerances.NOTE 2Dimensional tolerances for irregular units may vary due to thewide variety of CFT shapes and styles including tumbled, flagstone, andother rustic appearances.5.2 Compressiv
23、e Strength:5.2.1 The average compressive strength shall equal orexceed 4000 psi (27.6 MPa) with no individual specimen lessthan 3600 psi (24.8 MPa).5.2.2 For wet-cast products sample concrete from regularproduction in accordance with Practice C172/C172M andprepare three cylinders in accordance with
24、Practice C31/C31M. Test compressive strength of the concrete mix inaccordance with Test Method C39/C39M.5.2.3 For dry-cast products sample a minimum of threespecimens from regular production in accordance with TestMethod C140. Test compressive strength in accordance withAnnex A4.3 of Test Method C14
25、0.5.3 Shear Bond Strength:5.3.1 Five CFT units shall be tested in accordance with TestMethod C482 and shall have minimum shear bond strength of50 psi (0.34 MPa).5.3.2 CFT units shall be cut to 4 by 4 in. (101.6 by 101.6mm). If the CFT nominal unit length or width is smaller than4 in. (101.6 mm), the
26、 CFT unit mix shall be cast into a largermold that allows the 4- by 4-in. (101.6- by 101.6-mm) sampleunit to be cut.5.3.3 Shear bond testing shall be conducted using the actualbonding surface of the CFT unit as manufactured. If the CFTunit used for testing has a directional back pattern, this backpa
27、ttern shall be oriented parallel to the direction of loading.5.4 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing:5.4.1 If units are exposed to freezing and deicing materialsduring service, the manufacturer shall satisfy the purchasereither by proven field performance or a laboratory freezing-and-thawing test tha
28、t the units have adequate resistance tofreezing and thawing.5.4.2 If a laboratory test is used sample and test five CFTunits in accordance with Test Method C1645. Specimenssampled from units that will not be exposed to deicing salts inservice shall be tested in tap water. Specimens sampled fromunits
29、 that will be exposed to deicing materials in service shallbe tested in a 3 % saline solution. If the CFT is too large to testfull-size due to specimen configuration or lack of suitablespecimen containers, obtain a specimen by saw-cutting afull-height coupon with a surface area of at least 29.5 in.2
30、(190cm2).5.4.3 The average mass loss of all the specimens tested shallnot be greater than: (a) 225 g/m2when subject to 28 freeze-thaw cycles, or: (b) 500 g/m2when subject to 49 freeze-thawcycles.5.5 Water Absorption:C1731 1325.5.1 Sample and test three CFT units in accordance withTest Method C140.5.
31、5.2 Perform tests on full-size CFT units. If the CFT is toolarge for the testing apparatus, the unit shall be cut to 8 by 8 in.(203.2 by 203.2 mm) or as necessary to fit the testingapparatus.5.5.3 The average CFT water absorption shall not exceed12 % with no individual specimen exceeding 14 %.5.6 Fl
32、exural Load:5.6.1 Sample and test three CFT units in accordance withAnnex A6.5 of Test Method C140.5.6.2 The average CFT flexural load shall be greater than orequal to 300 lbs (1334 N) with no individual specimen lessthan 250 lbs (1112 N).5.7 Length Change:5.7.1 The concrete mix shall be tested for
33、length change inaccordance with Test Method C157/C157M except as modifiedbelow:5.7.1.1 Sample concrete from regular production in accor-dance with Practice C172/C172M and mold three prismspecimens for testing following the requirements in Proceduresfor Molding Specimens, Concrete Speciments of Test
34、MethodC157/C157M.5.7.2 The length change of each specimen shall not exceed60.10 % when tested at seven days after manufacture.5.8 Abrasion Resistance:5.8.1 Sample and test three full-size CFT units in accor-dance with Test Method C1353.5.8.2 For each unit, CFT wear index shall be 20 or greater.5.9 S
35、tatic Coeffcient of Friction:5.9.1 Sample and test three CFT units in accordance withTest Method C1028.5.9.2 For each unit, static coefficient of friction values forboth wet and dry surfaces shall be 0.6 or greater.NOTE 3Sealing CFT units may affect coefficient of friction values.6. Sampling6.1 Samp
36、ling Concrete MixesFrom each manufacturinglocation, obtain representative samples from standard produc-tion of each concrete mix used for CFT, as appropriate for thephysical property in Section 5.6.2 Sampling Concrete Floor TileFrom each manufactur-ing location, obtain samples of CFT units that are
37、representa-tive of the production from which they are selected.6.3 Test samples biannually or when materials, proportions,or production methods have changed, whichever is morefrequent.6.3.1 Testing laboratories shall be accredited in accordancewith Practice C1093 or an equivalent standard if testing
38、performed by laboratories not specializing in masonry materi-als.6.3.2 All samples shall be tested at least 28 days aftermanufacture unless otherwise indicated.6.4 Color and TextureIf concrete floor tile having aparticular color, color range, or texture are desired, thesefeatures shall be specified
39、separately by the purchaser. Thetexture of the finished surfaces that will be exposed when inplace shall conform to an approved sample consisting of notless than four concrete floor tiles, each representing the texturedesired. The color range shall be indicated by the approvedsamples.7. Packaging an
40、d Package Marking7.1 Each package shall identify the manufacturers name,product name and identification, date and location ofmanufacture, and statement of product conformity to thisspecification.8. Certification8.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order amanufacturers report shall be
41、 furnished at the time of ship-ment stating results of tests made on samples from regularproduction and certifying that the CFT units conform toapplicable requirements of this specification.NOTE 4Guidance on preparing the manufacturers report is providedin Appendix X1.9. Keywords9.1 adhered; cementi
42、tious; CFT; concrete; concrete floortile; flooring; manufactured; masonry; tileC1731 133APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. MANUFACTURERS REPORTX1.1 A complete report shall include the following:X1.1.1 Dimensions of each CFT unit specified;X1.1.2 The weight per area of CFT units;X1.1.3 The maximum
43、 compressive load imposed on eachsample along with the compressive strength in pounds persquare inch as determined in 5.2;X1.1.4 The maximum load and shear bond strength asdetermined in 5.3;X1.1.4.1 The location of failure of each specimen shall benoted, that is, in the CFT unit itself between the c
44、oncrete tileunit and the bond coat, between the bond coat and the mortarsetting bed, and in the setting bed itself;X1.1.5 Weight loss as a percentage of the original weight ofthe dry CFT units as determined in 5.4;X1.1.5.1 The number of cycles at the time of CFT disinte-gration;X1.1.5.2 The type of
45、breakage or disintegration in detail;X1.1.6 Water absorption as determined in 5.5;X1.1.7 Maximum flexural load as determined in 5.6;X1.1.8 Length change as determined in 5.7;X1.1.9 Abrasion resistance as determined in 5.8; andX1.1.10 Static coefficient of friction as determined in 5.9.ASTM Internati
46、onal takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely thei
47、r own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should b
48、e addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standard
49、s, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C1731 134
