1、Designation: C1738/C1738M 13C1738/C1738M 14Standard Practice forHigh-Shear Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1738/C1738M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the high-shear mixing of hydraulic cement pastes.1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-po
3、und units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance wit
4、h the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2.
5、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydr
6、aulicCements and ConcretesC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing ofHydraulic Cements2.2 Non-ASTM Standard:3ANSI/API Recommended Practice 10B-2 (formerly 10B)Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements3. Terminology3.1 De
7、finitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology C219.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 mixing, high-shear, vof pastes, the process of blending dry and liquid materials in a container using blades rotatingaxially at speeds at or above 420 rad/
8、s 4000 rpm.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The practice describes the mixing of hydraulic cement paste in a high-shear mixer with a cooling jacket or other methodto control the temperature of the paste. This procedure is derived from the ANSI/API standard and the following reports:(1) R. Helmuth, L.M. Hil
9、ls, D.A. Whiting, S. Bhattacharja, Abnormal Concrete Performance in the Presence of Admixtures,RP333, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois, USA, 1995, 92 pages and(2) C. F. Ferraris, Measurement of the rheological properties of cement paste: a New Approach, Int. RILEM Conf. The roleof Admix
10、tures in High Performance Concrete, ed. by J.G. Cabrera and R. Rivera-Villareal, Monterrey (Mexico), March 1999. pp.333-342, or(3) C. Ferraris, K. Obla, R. Hill, The influence of mineral admixtures on the rheology of cement paste and concrete, Cementand Concrete Research Vol. 31/2, pp. 245-255 (2001
11、).1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.22 on Workability.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013April 1, 2014. Published October 2013May 2014. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 201120
12、13 asC1738C1738/C1738M - 11a. DOI:10.1520/C1738-13.13. DOI:10.1520/C1738_C1738M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag
13、e on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to th
14、e previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright A
15、STM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is useful in laboratory research on rheology of hydraulic cement systems as it has been shown to provide apaste with rheological properties similar to those
16、 obtained in a concrete from which the aggregate had been removed.4 Mixing ofpaste using C305 is not satisfactory as the paste is not thoroughly mixed, due to the absence of sand. In this practice the shearimparted to the cement paste is significantly higher than in C305 and therefore it is known as
17、 high-shear mixing.6. Apparatus6.1 MixerComposed of an electrical motor, a mixing container and a tachometer with the motor speed controlledautomatically (rheostat adjustment of speed will not be acceptable). The blades are attached to the bottom of the container androtate axially. The power of the
18、motor shall be sufficient to ensure that the speeds of the mixer loaded with 500.0 g 1.1 lb ofcement and water shall maintain a preset rotational speed at 420 rad/s 4000 rpm and 12601047 rad/s 1210 000 rpm. The speedshall be maintained within 5 % of the preset speeds.NOTE 1A variable speed mixer cap
19、able of controlling the speed by a feedback loop within a range of 0 rad/s 0 rpm to 1360 rad/s 13 000 rpmis recommended, however, a recommended. A mixer with a minimum of preset two speeds 420(420 rad/s 4000 rpm and 12601047 rad/s 12 000 rpmloaded 10 000 rpm loaded) preset either by the operator or
20、by the manufacturer is acceptable.6.2 Cooling UnitA water bath with an outside circulating option, capable of controlling the temperature to 61C 61F forthe specified temperature range of 5-50C 40-120F over the duration of the test.6.3 Mixing Container with the Blade Assembly5A 1-L 1 qt container, li
21、d and blade specifically designed for use with themixer motor. The blade assembly shall be constructed in such a manner that the blade can be removed for weighing and changing.The blade shall be weighed initially and then periodically, replaced with a new blade when a 10 % mass loss has occurred. Re
22、placethe blade if obvious blade deformation has occurred. If the mix temperature is to be controlled by a separate cooling unit, thecontainer shall also be equipped with a cooling system (see Note 2) that can be connected to the cooling unit.NOTE 2The cooling system could be either an integral part
23、of the base of the container or a coil wrapped around the container.6.4 ThermometersA partial immersion thermometer readable 0.5C 1F and accurate to 60.5C 6 1F when tested at23C 73F with a the range of 5-50C 40-120F.6.5 Cementitious Feeding SystemA feeding system, capable of adding the total quantit
24、y of cementitious material into themixing container, within 60 s (see Note 3).NOTE 3A vibratory feeder or a lid mounted funnel is suitable for this purpose.6.6 Timing DeviceStop watch or other suitable timing device accurate to 61 s when tested over a one-minute interval.6.7 Top-Pan BalanceComplying
25、 with Specification C1005 having a capacity of at least of 1 kg 2 lb and readability andaccuracy of 0.01 g 210-5 lb.6.8 ScraperThe scraper shall consist of a semi rigid rubber blade attached to a handle about 150 mm 6 in. long. The bladeshall be about 75 mm 3 in. long, 50 mm 2 in. wide, and tapered
26、to a thin edge about 2 mm 0.08 in. thick.7. Temperature and Humidity7.1 The temperature and humidity of the mixing room shall conform to the requirements of Specification C511.7.2 The cooling unit flow rate and temperature shall be adjusted so that the temperature of the cement paste, after mixing,
27、iswithin the specified range (see Note 4).NOTE 4Typically water temperatures of 15 6 2C 59 6 4F are required for a cement paste temperature of 21 6 2 C 70 6 4F. Higher or lowertemperature water could be used to simulate hot or cold weather concrete. The references4,6 provide a more detailed explanat
28、ion on how to select thecooling temperature.8. Materials and Proportioning8.1 The materials and their proportions and quantities shall conform to the requirements contained in the particular method forwhich the paste is being prepared.4 R. Helmuth, L.M. Hills, D.A. Whiting, S. Bhattacharja, Abnormal
29、 Concrete Performance in the Presence of Admixtures, RP333, Portland Cement Association, Skokie,Illinois, USA, 1995, 92 pages.5 The sole source of supply of the container and blades known to the committee at this time is (Specialty Containers manufactured by Waring Products, Torrington CT(http:/ If
30、you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. The SS510C One Liter Cool Base Container with the blade assemblyis co
31、nsidered to conform to these requirements6 Taylor P.C., Johansen V.C., Graf L. A., Kozikowski R. L., Zemajtis J. Z., Ferraris C. F., “Identifying Incompatible Combinations of Concrete Materials; Volume I high-shear mixing; hydraulic cement; rheologyASTM International takes no position respecting the
32、 validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is
33、 subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Head
34、quarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This sta
35、ndard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C1738/C1738M 143
