1、Designation: C1738/C1738M 14C1738/C1738M 18Standard Practice forHigh-Shear Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1738/C1738M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice covers the high-shear mixing of hydraulic cement pastes.1.2 The values stated in SI units or
3、inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconforma
4、nce with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of re
5、gulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Org
6、anization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Ro
7、oms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of HydraulicCements and ConcretesC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing ofHydraulic Cements2.2 Non-ASTM Standard:3ANSI/API Recommended Practice 10B-2 (formerly 10B) (formerl
8、y 10B)Recommended Recommended Practice for TestingWell Cements3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology C219.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 mixing, high-shear, vof pastes, the process of blending dry and liquid ma
9、terials in a container using blades rotatingaxially at speeds at or above 420 rad/s 4000 rpm.4000 rpm.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The practice describes the mixing of hydraulic cement paste in a high-shear mixer with a cooling jacket or other methodto control the temperature of the paste. This procedu
10、re is derived from the ANSI/API standard and the following reports:(1) R. Helmuth, L.M. Hills, D.A. Whiting, S. Bhattacharja, Abnormal Concrete Performance in the Presence of Admixtures,RP333, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois, USA, 1995, 92 pages and1 This practice is under the jurisdic
11、tion of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.22 on Workability.Current edition approved April 1, 2014May 1, 2018. Published May 2014May 2018. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 asC1738/C1738MC1738/C1738M 14. - 13. DOI:
12、10.1520/C1738_C1738M-14.DOI:10.1520/C1738_C1738M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Availab
13、le from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit m
14、ay not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at t
15、he end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1(2) C. F. Ferraris, Measurement of the rheological properties of cement paste: a New Approach, Int. RILEM Conf. The roleof Admixtures in High Performance Concrete,
16、 ed. by J.G. Cabrera and R. Rivera-Villareal, Monterrey (Mexico), March 1999. pp.333-342, or(3) C. Ferraris, K. Obla, R. Hill, The influence of mineral admixtures on the rheology of cement paste and concrete, Cementand Concrete Research Vol. 31/2, pp. 245-255 (2001).5. Significance and Use5.1 This p
17、ractice is useful in laboratory research on rheology of hydraulic cement systems as it has been shown to provide apaste with rheological properties similar to those obtained in a concrete from which the aggregate had been removed.4 Mixing ofpaste using C305 is not satisfactory as the paste is not th
18、oroughly mixed, due to the absence of sand. In this practice the shearimparted to the cement paste is significantly higher than in C305 and therefore it is known as high-shear mixing.6. Apparatus6.1 MixerComposed of an electrical motor, a mixing container and a tachometer with the motor speed contro
19、lledautomatically (rheostat adjustment of speed will not be acceptable). The blades are attached to the bottom of the container androtate axially. The power of the motor shall be sufficient to ensure that the speeds of the mixer loaded with 500.0 g 1.1 lb ofcement and water shall maintain a preset r
20、otational speed at 420 rad/s 4000 rpm and 1047 rad/s 10 000 rpm. The speed shallbe maintained within 5 % of the preset speeds.NOTE 1A variable speed mixer capable of controlling the speed by a feedback loop within a range of 0 rad/s 0 rpm to 1360 rad/s 13 000 rpmis recommended. A mixer with a minimu
21、m of two speeds (420 rad/s 4000 rpm 4000 rpm and 1047 rad/s 10 000 rpm loaded) preset either by theoperator or by the manufacturer is acceptable.6.2 Cooling UnitA water bath with an outside circulating option, capable of controlling the temperature to 61C 61F forthe specified temperature range of 5-
22、50C 40-120F over the duration of the test.6.3 Mixing Container with the Blade Assembly5A 1-L 1 qt 1 qt container, lid and blade specifically designed for use withthe mixer motor. The blade assembly shall be constructed in such a manner that the blade can be removed for weighing andchanging. The blad
23、e shall be weighed initially and then periodically, replaced with a new blade when a 10 % mass loss hasoccurred. Replace the blade if obvious blade deformation has occurred. If the mix temperature is to be controlled by a separatecooling unit, the container shall also be equipped with a cooling syst
24、em (see Note 2) that can be connected to the cooling unit.NOTE 2The cooling system could be either an integral part of the base of the container or a coil wrapped around the container.6.4 ThermometersApartial immersion thermometer readable 0.5C 1F and accurate to60.5C 61F 61F when testedat 23C 73F w
25、ith a the range of 5-50C 40-120F.5 to 50C 40 to 120F.6.5 Cementitious Feeding SystemA feeding system, capable of adding the total quantity of cementitious material into themixing container, within 60 s (see Note 3).NOTE 3A vibratory feeder or a lid mounted funnel is suitable for this purpose.6.6 Tim
26、ing DeviceStop watch or other suitable timing device accurate to 61 s when tested over a one-minute interval.6.7 Top-Pan BalanceComplying with Specification C1005 having a capacity of at least of 1 kg 2 lb and readability andaccuracy of 0.01 g 210-5 lb.6.8 ScraperThe scraper shall consist of a semi
27、rigid rubber blade attached to a handle about 150 mm 6 in. long. The bladeshall be about 75 mm 3 in. long, 50 mm 2 in. wide, and tapered to a thin edge about 2 mm 0.08 in. thick.7. Temperature and Humidity7.1 The temperature and humidity of the mixing room shall conform to the requirements of Specif
28、ication C511.7.2 The cooling unit flow rate and temperature shall be adjusted so that the temperature of the cement paste, after mixing, iswithin the specified range (see Note 4).NOTE 4Typically water temperatures of 15 6 2C 59 6 4F are required for a cement paste temperature of 21 6 2 C 70 6 4F. Hi
29、gher or lowertemperature water could be used to simulate hot or cold weather concrete. The references4,6 provide a more detailed explanation on how to select thecooling temperature.4 R. Helmuth, L.M. Hills, D.A. Whiting, S. Bhattacharja, Abnormal Concrete Performance in the Presence of Admixtures, R
30、P333, Portland Cement Association, Skokie,Illinois, USA, 1995, 92 pages.5 The sole source of supply of the container and blades known to the committee at this time is (Specialty Containers manufactured by Waring Products, Torrington CT(http:/ If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
31、 this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. The SS510C One Liter Cool Base Container with the blade assemblyis considered to conform to these requirements6 Taylor P.C.
32、, Johansen V.C., Graf L. A., Kozikowski R. L., Zemajtis J. Z., Ferraris C. F., “Identifying Incompatible Combinations of Concrete Materials; Volume I high-shear mixing; hydraulic cement; rheologyC1738/C1738M 183SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this s
33、tandard since the last issue(C1738/C1738M 14) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2018.)(1) Revised 9.4.4.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard ar
34、e expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not
35、revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you
36、 may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United
37、States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 184
