1、Designation: C1783 15Standard Guide forDevelopment of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1783; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This document is a guide to preparing material specifi-cations for fiber reinfor
3、ced carbon-carbon (C-C) compositestructures (flat plates, rectangular bars, round rods, and tubes)manufactured specifically for structural components in nuclearreactor core applications. The carbon-carbon composites con-sist of carbon/graphite fibers (from PAN, pitch, or rayonprecursors) in a carbon
4、/graphite matrix produced by liquidinfiltration/pyrolysis and/or by chemical vapor infiltration.1.2 This guide provides direction and guidance for thedevelopment of a material specification for a specific C-Ccomposite component or product for nuclear reactor applica-tions. The guide considers compos
5、ite constituents andstructure, physical and chemical properties, mechanicalproperties, thermal properties, performance durability, methodsof testing, materials and fabrication processing, and qualityassurance. The C-C composite materials considered herewould be suitable for nuclear reactor core appl
6、ications whereneutron irradiation-induced damage and dimensional changesare a significant design consideration. (1-4)21.3 The component specification is to be developed by thedesigner/purchaser/user. The designer/purchaser/user shall de-fine and specify in detail any and all application-specificrequ
7、irements for necessary design, manufacturing, and perfor-mance factors of the ceramic composite component. This guidefor material specifications does not directly addresscomponent/product-specific issues, such as geometrictolerances, permeability, bonding, sealing, attachment, andsystem integration.
8、1.4 This guide is specifically focused on C-C compositecomponents and structures with flat panel, solid rectangularbar, solid round rod, or tubular geometries.1.5 This specification may also be applicable to C-C com-posites used for other structural applications discounting thenuclear-specific chemi
9、cal purity and irradiation behavior fac-tors.1.6 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibil
10、ity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and RelatedProductsC559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Phy
11、sical Measure-ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite ArticlesC561 Test Method for Ash in a Graphite SampleC577 Test Method for Permeability of RefractoriesC611 Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of ManufacturedCarbon and Graphite Articles at Room TemperatureC625 Practice for Reporting Irradia
12、tion Results on GraphiteC709 Terminology Relating to Manufactured Carbon andGraphiteC714 Test Method for Thermal Diffusivity of Carbon andGraphite by Thermal Pulse MethodC769 Test Method for Sonic Velocity in ManufacturedCarbon and Graphite Materials for Use in ObtainingYoungs ModulusC816 Test Metho
13、d for Sulfur in Graphite by Combustion-Iodometric Titration MethodC838 Test Method for Bulk Density of As-ManufacturedCarbon and Graphite ShapesC1039 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Spe-cific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
14、ommittee C28 on AdvancedCeramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.07 on CeramicMatrix Composites.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. DOI:10.1520/C178315.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3F
15、or referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
16、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1179 Test Method for Oxidation Mass Loss of Manufac-tured Carbon and Graphite Materials in AirC1198 Test Method for Dynamic Youngs Modulus, ShearModulus, and Poissons Ratio for Advanced Ceramics bySonic ResonanceC1233 Practice for Determining Equiv
17、alent Boron Contentsof Nuclear MaterialsC1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data andEstimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for AdvancedCeramicsC1259 Test Method for Dynamic Youngs Modulus, ShearModulus, and Poissons Ratio for Advanced Ceramics byImpulse Excitation of VibrationC1274 Te
18、st Method for Advanced Ceramic Specific SurfaceArea by Physical AdsorptionC1275 Test Method for Monotonic Tensile Behavior ofContinuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics withSolid Rectangular Cross-Section Test Specimens at Am-bient TemperatureC1291 Test Method for Elevated Temperature Tensile Cree
19、pStrain, Creep Strain Rate, and Creep Time-to-Failure forAdvanced Monolithic CeramicsC1292 Test Method for Shear Strength of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Ambient TemperaturesC1337 Test Method for Creep and Creep Rupture of Con-tinuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics Under Ten-
20、sile Loading at Elevated TemperaturesC1341 Test Method for Flexural Properties of ContinuousFiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic CompositesC1358 Test Method for Monotonic Compressive StrengthTesting of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ce-ramics with Solid Rectangular Cross-Section Test Speci-mens a
21、t Ambient TemperaturesC1359 Test Method for Monotonic Tensile Strength Testingof Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics WithSolid Rectangular Cross-Section Test Specimens at El-evated TemperaturesC1360 Practice for Constant-Amplitude, Axial, Tension-Tension Cyclic Fatigue of Continuous Fiber-
22、ReinforcedAdvanced Ceramics at Ambient TemperaturesC1425 Test Method for Interlaminar Shear Strength of 1Dand 2D Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceram-ics at Elevated TemperaturesC1468 Test Method for Transthickness Tensile Strength ofContinuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Am-bient Te
23、mperatureC1470 Guide for Testing the Thermal Properties of Ad-vanced CeramicsC1525 Test Method for Determination of Thermal ShockResistance for Advanced Ceramics by Water QuenchingC1557 Test Method for Tensile Strength and Youngs Modu-lus of FibersC1683 Practice for Size Scaling of Tensile Strengths
24、 UsingWeibull Statistics for Advanced CeramicsD2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and SolidsD3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of CompositeMaterialsD3529/D3529M Test Method for Matrix Solids Content andMatrix Content of Composite PrepregD3800 Test Method for Density of High-Modulu
25、s FibersD3878 Terminology for Composite MaterialsD4018 Test Methods for Properties of Continuous FilamentCarbon and Graphite Fiber TowsD4284 Test Method for Determining Pore Volume Distribu-tion of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers by Mercury Intru-sion PorosimetryD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics
26、 and Fabric TestMethodsD5528 Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Tough-ness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer MatrixCompositesD5600 Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5766 Test Method for Open-Hole Ten
27、sile Strength ofPolymer Matrix Composite LaminatesD5961 Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Ma-trix Composite LaminatesD6484 Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength ofPolymer Matrix Composite LaminatesD6507 Practice for Fiber Reinforcement Orientation Codesfor Composite MaterialsD6671
28、 Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II InterlaminarFracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber ReinforcedPolymer Matrix CompositesD7136 Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistanceof a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to aDrop-Weight Impact EventD7137 Test Method for Compressive Residual S
29、trengthProperties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite PlatesD7219 Specification for Isotropic and Near-isotropicNuclear GraphitesD7542 Test Method for Air Oxidation of Carbon and Graph-ite in the Kinetic RegimeE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE111 Test Method for Youngs Modulu
30、s, Tangent Modulus,and Chord ModulusE132 Test Method for Poissons Ratio at Room TemperatureE143 Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room TemperatureE228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials With a Push-Rod DilatometerE261 Practice for Determining Neutron Fluence, FluenceRate, and
31、Spectra by Radioactivation TechniquesE289 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of RigidSolids with InterferometryE408 Test Methods for Total Normal Emittance of SurfacesUsing Inspection-Meter TechniquesE423 Test Method for Normal Spectral Emittance at El-evated Temperatures of Nonconducting Spec
32、imensE1269 Test Method for Determining Specific Heat CapacityC1783 152by Differential Scanning CalorimetryE1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-ReinforcedPolymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases (With-drawn 2015)4E1461 Test Method for Thermal Diffusivity by the FlashMethodE1922 Test Method
33、for Translaminar Fracture Toughness ofLaminated and Pultruded Polymer Matrix CompositeMaterialsE2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics2.2 Non-ASTM Standards:CMH-17 Composite Materials HandbookASME B46.1-2009 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness,Waviness, and Lay)53. Terminology3.1 De
34、finitions:3.1.1 GeneralMany of the terms in this guide are definedin the terminology standards for graphite articles (C709),composite materials (D3878), fabrics and test methods(D4850), and mechanical testing (E6).3.1.2 apparent porosity, nthe volume fraction of all pores,voids, and channels within
35、a solid mass that are interconnectedwith each other and communicate with the external surface,and thus are measurable by gas or liquid penetration. (Syn-onym open porosity) C2423.1.3 braided fabric, na woven structure produced byinterlacing three or more ends of yarns in a manner such thatthe paths
36、of the yarns are diagonal to the vertical axis of thefabric. D48503.1.3.1 DiscussionBraided structures can have 2D or 3Darchitectures.3.1.4 bulk density, nthe mass of a unit volume of materialincluding both permeable and impermeable voids. D72193.1.5 fabric, nin textiles, a planar structure consisti
37、ng ofyarns or fibers. D48503.1.6 fiber, na fibrous form of matter with an aspect ratio10 and an effective diameter 2200C regardless of any resultantcrystallinity. The use of the term graphitization without report-ing confirmation of long range three dimensional crystallo-graphic order determined by
38、diffraction studies should beavoided, as it can be misleading.3.1.14 hybrid, n(for composite materials) containing atleast two distinct types of matrix or reinforcement. Each matrixor reinforcement type can be distinct because of its a) physicalor mechanical properties, or both, b) material form, or
39、 c)chemical composition. D38783.1.15 injection molding, nin composite fabrication, theprocess of forcing liquid polymer under pressure into a closedmold that contains a fiber preform.3.1.16 knitted fabric, na fiber structure produced by inter-looping one or more ends of yarn or comparable material.D
40、48503.1.17 laminate, nany fiber- or fabric-reinforced compos-ite consisting of laminae (plies) with one or more orientationswith respect to some reference direction. D38783.1.18 lay-up, na process or fabrication involving theplacement of successive layers of materials in specified se-quence and orie
41、ntation. E1309, D65073.1.19 matrix, nthe continuous constituent of a compositematerial, which surrounds or engulfs the embedded reinforce-ment in the composite and acts as the load transfer mechanismbetween the discrete reinforcement elements.3.1.20 matrix content, nthe amount of matrix present in a
42、composite expressed either as a percent by weight or a percentby volume. D38783.1.21 ply, nin 2D laminar composites, the constituentsingle layer as used in fabricating, or occurring within, acomposite structure. D38783.1.22 prepreg, nthe admixture of fibrous reinforcementand polymeric matrix used to
43、 fabricate composite materials. Its4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.C1783 153form may be shee
44、t, tape, or tow. For thermosetting polymer, thepolymer has been partially cured to a controlled viscositycalled “B stage.” D38783.1.23 selvage, nthe woven edge portion of a fabricparallel to the warp. D38783.1.24 tow, nin fibrous composites, a continuous, orderedassembly of essentially parallel, col
45、limated continuousfilaments, normally without twist. (Synonym roving) D38783.1.25 unidirectional composite, nany fiber reinforcedcomposite with all fibers aligned in a single direction. D38783.1.26 warp, nthe yarn running lengthwise in a wovenfabric. D38783.1.27 woven fabric, na fabric structure pro
46、duced by theinterlacing, in a specific weave pattern, of tows or yarnsoriented in two or more directions.3.1.27.1 DiscussionThere are a large variety of 2D weavestyles, e.g., plain, satin, twill, basket, crowfoot, etc.3.1.28 yarn, nin fibrous composites, a continuous, orderedassembly of essentially
47、parallel, collimated filaments, normallywith twist, and of either discontinuous or continuous filaments.Single yarn an end in which each filament follows the sametwist. D38783.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 1D, 2D, and 3D reinforcement, na description of theorientation and di
48、stribution of the reinforcing fibers and yarnsin a composite.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn a 1D structure, all of the fibers areoriented in a single longitudinal (x) direction. In a 2D structure,all of the fibers lie in the x-y planes of the plate or bar or in thecircumferential shells (axial and circumferen
49、tial directions) ofthe rod or tube with no fibers aligned in the z or radialdirections. In a 3D structure, the structure has fiber reinforce-ment in the x-y planes and in the z-direction in the plate or barand in the axial, circumferential, and radial directions in a tubeor rod.3.2.2 axial tensile strength, nfor a composite tube or solidround rod, the tensile strength along the long axis of the rod ortube. For a composite flat plate or rectangular bar, the tensilestrength along the primary structural axis/direction.3.2.3 carbon-carbon co
