1、Designation: C 179 04Standard Test Method forDrying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic andRamming Mix Specimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 179; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dryingshrinkage and of the combined drying and linear ch
3、ange oframming and plastic refractories.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsib
4、ility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory BrickC 134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional
5、Measurements,and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and InsulatingFirebrickC 181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay andHigh-Alumina Plastic RefractoriesC 1054 Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plasticand Ramming Mix Specimens3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is useful in
6、 quantitatively rating orranking both ramming and plastic refractories by their linearstability after heating.3.2 This test method is also useful for determining whethera ramming or plastic refractory can be used in a specifiedapplication based on linear change criteria.3.3 This test method excludes
7、 basic and carbon bearingmaterials.3.4 This test method can produce data for the engineeringand design of refractory installations. The linear change datacan be used to determine the number of joints necessary tomaintain integrity of ramming or plastic refractory in a largeinstallation.4. Apparatus4
8、.1 Kiln, electric or gas type, of such design that the flame,as coming directly from the burner, cannot impinge upon thetest specimens.4.2 Measuring Device3, a 12-in. (305-mm), graduated in0.02-in. (0.5-mm) increments. A hooked rule is convenient touse, and a suitable type is described in Test Metho
9、ds C 134.5. Test Specimens5.1 Number of SpecimensA minimum of six specimensmolded from the sample (see Note 1) of plastic refractory willbe required. Half of the specimens shall be used for the test andthe other half used as supporting pieces during the kiln heattreatment.NOTE 1For pressing and dryi
10、ng the specimens see Practice C 1054.5.2 Measurement of SpecimensUsing the measuring de-vice, measure the bar for all dimensions to the nearest 0.02-in.(0.5-mm). Label and make reference marks to indicate theexact length measurement points. Caution should be taken asdeformation of the specimens may
11、be caused by handling.5.3 Drying of SpecimensDry specimens should be driedas stated in Practice C 1054, 6.6.5.4 Measuring Dried SpecimensMeasure specimens asstated in 5.2.6. Procedure6.1 Placing Specimens in KilnPlace the dried specimensin the kiln in accordance with Test Method C 113, with theexcep
12、tion that the supporting brick shall consist of the threeplastic refractory brick prepared for that purpose.6.2 Temperature MeasurementsConduct temperaturemeasurements in accordance with Test Method C 113.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the dir
13、ect responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on MonolithicRefractories.Current edition approved September 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 179 85 (1999)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcont
14、act ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The Lufkin Rule No. 2603R, available from Lufkin Rule Co., P.O. Box 728,Apex, NC 27502, or equivalent is satisfactory.1Copyright ASTM In
15、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Test AtmosphereAt all temperatures above 1470F(800C), operate the kiln so that the atmosphere shall containa minimum of 0.5 % oxygen with 0 % combustibles.6.4 Test Temperature ScheduleOperate the kil
16、n so as toconform to the appropriate heating schedule for the class ofrefractory being tested, as specified in Table 1 of Test MethodC 113.6.5 Measuring Fired SpecimensAfter completion of theheating schedule, cool the specimens in the closed kiln to under800F (425C) before removing to the air. After
17、 cooling toroom temperature, remeasure them in accordance with 5.2.Record the fired length of each of the three test specimens.7. Calculation and Report7.1 Drying ShrinkageCalculate the drying shrinkage as apercentage based on the original length of the specimen asmeasured in 5.2. Report the average
18、 value for the threespecimens.7.2 Combined Linear Change Due to Drying and FiringCalculate the combined drying and firing shrinkage (or expan-sion) as a percentage based on the original length of thespecimen as measured in 5.2. Report the average value for thethree specimens.7.3 The report shall inc
19、lude the workability of the plasticdetermined in accordance with Test Method C 181.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Precision and bias statements for linear change due todrying and firing are being developed.9. Keywords9.1 linear change; plastic; ramming mix; refractory;shrinkageASTM International takes no
20、position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsi
21、bility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to
22、 ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the addr
23、ess shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C179042
