1、Designation: C1790 14aStandard Specification forFly Ash Facing Brick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indi
2、cates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers fly ash brick intended for usein masonry, which are made from fly ash, water, and suitablemineral aggregates with or without the inclu
3、sion of othermaterials, and without the use of portland cement. Thisspecification covers units intended for use in masonry, in bothstructural and facing applications.1.2 Units covered under this specification include a fly ashbinder that undergoes hydraulic, pozzolanic, alkali-activated,or geopolyme
4、r reactions, or any combination thereof. Thesechemical reactions, in conjunction with the other materials inthe units, provide the strength and durability necessary to meetthe requirements of this specification.NOTE 1This specification addresses properties of units formed usingfly ash, aggregates, a
5、nd other allowed binders. Although not required bythis standard, users may request tests that establish assembly performancesuch as unit-mortar bond and fire resistance. As an alternative to tests,evidence of successful use in similar applications could be provided toestablish assembly performance.1
6、.3 This specification references notes and footnotes, whichprovide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered asrequirements of the standard.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values g
7、iven in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulat
8、ory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for ConcreteMasonry UnitsC426 Test Method for Linear Drying
9、Shrinkage of ConcreteMasonry UnitsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Con-creteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete andMortarsC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1240 Specificatio
10、n for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1645 Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing SaltDurability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units3. Terminology3.1 Terms defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply for thisspecification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fly a
11、sh brick, na masonry unit made from fly ash,water, and suitable aggregates with or without the inclusion ofother materials and specifically without the inclusion of port-land cement.4. Materials4.1 Cementitious MaterialsNo portland cement shall beused. Materials shall conform to the following applic
12、ablespecifications:4.1.1 PozzolansSpecification C618.4.1.2 Slag CementSpecification C989.4.1.3 Silica FumeSpecification C1240.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the followingspecifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification
13、 C33.4.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecification C331.4.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979.4.4 Other ConstituentsOther constituent materials shall bepreviously established as suitable for use in fly ash units andshall conform to applicable ASTM standards or shall be shown1Thi
14、s test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2014. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 2014. Last previous edit
15、ion approved in 2014 as C1790 14. DOI:10.1520/C1790-14A.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1by test or experience not to be detrimental to the durability oft
16、he fly ash units or any material customarily used in masonryconstruction.5. Physical Properties5.1 Physical RequirementsAt the time of delivery to thepurchaser, units shall conform to the physical requirementsprescribed in Table 1. All units shall be sound and free ofcracks or other defects that int
17、erfere with the proper placementof the units or significantly impair the strength or permanenceof the construction. Minor cracks incidental to the usualmethod of manufacture or minor chipping resulting fromcustomary methods of handling in shipment and delivery arenot grounds for rejection.5.2 Streng
18、thWhen bricks are required having strengthsgreater than prescribed by this specification, the purchaser shallspecify the desired minimum compressive strength.5.3 DurabilityFreeze-thaw durability shall be demon-strated by test. The units shall be tested in accordance with 8.5.The average mass loss of
19、 all the specimens tested shall not begreater than: (a) 0.046 lb/ft2(225 g/m2) when subject to 28freeze-thaw cycles, or (b) 0.102 lb/ft2(500 g/m2) when subjectto 49 freeze-thaw cycles.5.4 ShrinkageAt the time of delivery to the purchaser, thetotal linear drying shrinkage of units shall not exceed 0.
20、065 %when tested in accordance with Test Method C426.NOTE 2The purchaser is the public body or authority, association,corporation, partnership, or individual entering into a contract or agree-ment to purchase or install, or both, fly ash facing brick. The time ofdelivery to the purchaser is FOB plan
21、t when the purchaser or thepurchasers agent transports the fly ash facing brick, or at the timeunloaded at the worksite if the manufacturer or the manufacturers agenttransports the fly ash facing brick.6. Permissible Variation in Dimensions6.1 Measured width, height, and length of test specimensshal
22、l not differ by more than 618 in. (63.2 mm) from specifieddimensions.NOTE 3Specified dimensions of fly ash facing brick are the manu-facturers designated dimensions.6.2 For those units with faces altered for aesthetic purposes,overall dimensional tolerances apply only to those dimensionsnot affected
23、 by the altering.NOTE 4For such units, dimensions will vary. Consult with suppliers todetermine achievable dimensional tolerances.6.3 For cored fly ash facing brick, the net cross-sectionalarea in any plane parallel to the surface containing the coresshall be at least 75 % of the gross cross-section
24、al areameasured in the same plane. No part of any hole shall be lessthan34 in. (19.1 mm) from any edge of the unit.7. Finish and Appearance7.1 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, no more than5 % of the units in the shipment shall have finished face(s) thatexhibit one or more of the characteris
25、tics described in 7.1.1through 7.1.3.7.1.1 Units containing chips larger than12 in. (12.5 mm) inany dimension.7.1.2 Units containing cracks wider than 0.02 in. (0.5 mm)and longer than 25 % of the nominal height of the unit.7.1.3 Broken units.NOTE 5Units specified to have particular features or finis
26、hes, such assplit face and tumbled units, should not be rejected based on theconformance of such features to the requirements of 7.1.1.7.2 The finished face(s) of units shall not show imperfec-tions except as permitted in 7.1.1 though 7.1.2 when viewedfrom a distance of 20 ft under diffused lighting
27、.7.3 The color and texture shall be specified by the purchaser.The exposed faces shall conform to an approved sampleconsisting of not fewer than four units, representing the rangeof color and range of texture permitted.NOTE 6Fly ash brick are produced using a wide variety of naturalaggregates and ot
28、her materials. As such, slight variations inherent innatural materials should be expected. Since specifying units and approv-ing samples can take place several months prior to production of actualunits for a project, slight variations in appearance from the approvedsample are to be expected.8. Sampl
29、ing and Testing8.1 For purposes of testing, the term lot refers to anynumber of fly ash units of any configuration or dimensionmanufactured by the producer using the same materials, mixdesign, manufacturing process, and curing method.8.2 Compressive strength and absorption shall be based ontests of
30、fly ash facing brick from the same lot. Sample and testcompressive strength and absorption in accordance with TestMethods C140, Annex A2, within 12 months of production ofthe units.8.3 Dimensional tolerance shall be based on tests of fly ashfacing brick of each configuration. Sample and test dimen-s
31、ional tolerance in accordance with Test Methods C140, within12 months of production of the units.8.4 Total linear drying shrinkage shall be based on tests offly ash facing brick from the same lot, conducted in accordancewith Test Method C426, within 24 months of production of theunits.TABLE 1 Streng
32、th, Absorption, and Density Classification RequirementsADensityClassificationOven-Dry Density, lb/ft3(kg/m3)Maximum Water Absorption, lb/ft3(kg/m3) Minimum Net Area Compressive Strength, lb/in.2(MPa)Average of Three Units Average of Three Units Individual Units Average of Three Units Individual Unit
33、sLightweight Less than 105 (1680) 15 (240) 17 (272) 3500 (24.1) 3000 (20.7)Medium Weight 105 to less than 125(16802000)13 (208) 15 (240) 3500 (24.1) 3000 (20.7)Normal Weight 125 (2000) or more 10 (160) 12 (192) 3500 (24.1) 3000 (20.7)AAverage oven-dry density, based on a set of three units, shall fa
34、ll within ranges defined in the table to be classified as lightweight, medium weight, or normal weight.C1790 14a28.5 Freeze-thaw durability shall be based on tests of fly ashfacing brick made from the same lot, conducted in accordancewith Test Method C1645, within 24 months of production ofthe units
35、. Specimens sampled shall be tested in tap water.9. Compliance9.1 If a sample fails to conform to the specified physicalrequirements, the manufacturer shall be permitted to removeunits from the shipment. A new sample, with a similarconfiguration and dimension, shall be selected by the purchaserfrom
36、remaining units in the shipment and tested. If the secondsample meets the specified physical requirements, the remain-ing portion of the shipment represented by the sample meetsthe specified physical requirements. If the second sample failsto meet the specified physical requirements, the remainingpo
37、rtion of the shipment represented by the sample fails to meetthe specified physical requirements.10. Keywords10.1 absorption; brick; compressive strength; durability; flyash; fly ash brick; fly ash facing brick; fly ash masonry units;freeze thaw; linear drying shrinkageSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C1
38、5 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C1790 14) that may impact the use of this standard. (December 15, 2014)(1) Increased permissible variation in dimensions (6.1).ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights as
39、serted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time
40、by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will rec
41、eive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Int
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