1、Designation: C1802 18aStandard Specification forDesign, Testing, Manufacture, Selection, and Installation ofFabricated Metal Horizontal Access Hatches for Utility,Water, and Wastewater Structures1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1802; the number immediately following the design
2、ation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the de
3、sign, testing,manufacture, selection, and installation of fabricated metalaccess hatches for utility, water, and wastewater structuresincluding utility vaults, drainage structures, valve vaults, metervaults, wet wells, pump enclosures, utility trenches, pipingtrenches, and drainage trenches.1.2 This
4、 specification is applicable to various configurationsof access hatches constructed of fabricated metal of variousmaterials and grades for various loading conditions, trafficspeeds, or both.1.3 Engineering design and testing criteria are provided foraccess hatches to be located in various areas subj
5、ected tovarious loading conditions, traffic speed, frequency, or combi-nations thereof.1.4 Proof loading criteria is provided to allow the accesshatches to be designed by engineering calculation and/or byultimate strength load testing.1.5 Production loading criteria is provided to allow theaccess ha
6、tches to be tested to verify the load capacity of themanufactured hatches.1.6 Hatch loading selection guidelines are included to allowselection of the proper hatch design loading for the conditionsof the actual area of placement.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard
7、. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this st
8、andard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision
9、 on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA53/A53M Specification for Pipe, St
10、eel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and SeamlessA123/A123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized)Coatings on Iron and Steel ProductsA176 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chro-mium Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (Withdrawn 2015)4A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and C
11、hromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for PressureVessels and for General ApplicationsA242/A242M Specification for High-Strength Low-AlloyStructural SteelA276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,120/105 ksi Mi
12、nimum Tensile Strength (Withdrawn2016)4A490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength (Withdrawn2016)41This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C27 on PrecastConcrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C
13、27.10 onUtility Structures.Current edition approved May 15, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C180218. DOI:10.1520/C1802-18A.2This specification is primarily a design, testing, manufacturing, selection,purchasing, and installation specif
14、ication. The successful performance of thisproduct depends upon the proper selection of the loading criteria based on theproducts actual use and the products proper installation. The purchaser of thefabricated metal access hatches specified herein is cautioned that proper correlationof the loading c
15、onditions, proper installation for the hatch specified, and provisionfor inspection of the installation at the construction site, are required.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vo
16、lume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international st
17、andard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1A50
18、0/A500M Specification for Cold-Formed Welded andSeamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds andShapesA514/A514M Specification for High-Yield-Strength,Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable forWeldingA529/A529M Specification for High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of Structural Qual
19、ityA572/A572M Specification for High-Strength Low-AlloyColumbium-Vanadium Structural SteelA588/A588M Specification for High-Strength Low-AlloyStructural Steel, up to 50 ksi 345 MPa Minimum YieldPoint, with Atmospheric Corrosion ResistanceA618/A618M Specification for Hot-Formed Welded andSeamless Hig
20、h-Strength Low-Alloy Structural TubingA656/A656M Specification for Hot-Rolled Structural Steel,High-Strength Low-Alloy Plate with Improved Formabil-ityA666 Specification forAnnealed or Cold-WorkedAusteniticStainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat BarA786/A786M Specification for Hot-Rolled Carbo
21、n, Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and Alloy Steel FloorPlatesA847/A847M Specification for Cold-Formed Welded andSeamless High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Tubingwith Improved Atmospheric Corrosion ResistanceA852/A852M Specification for Quenched and TemperedLow-Alloy Structural Steel Plate wit
22、h 70 ksi 485 MPaMinimum Yield Strength to 4 in. 100 mm Thick (With-drawn 2010)4A913/A913M Specification for High-Strength Low-AlloySteel Shapes of Structural Quality, Produced by Quench-ing and Self-Tempering Process (QST)A992/A992M Specification for Structural Steel ShapesB209 Specification for Alu
23、minum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and PlateB210 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyDrawn Seamless TubesB211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloyRolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and WireB221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Ex-truded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and TubesB
24、241/B241M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded TubeB247 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy DieForgings, Hand Forgings, and Rolled Ring ForgingsB308/B308M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy 6061-T6Standard Structural ProfilesB316/B316M Specificati
25、on for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading Wire and RodsB429/B429M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy ExtrudedStructural Pipe and TubeB632/B632M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy RolledTread PlateB928/B928M Specification for High MagnesiumAluminum-Alloy Products for Marine Service and Si
26、milarEnvironmentsC478 Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced ConcreteManhole SectionsC857 Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading forUnderground Precast Concrete Utility StructuresC890 Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading forMonolithic or Sectional Precast Concrete Water andW
27、astewater StructuresE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE2309/E2309M Practices for Verification of DisplacementMeasuring Systems and Devices Used in Material TestingMachinesF467 Specification for Nonferrous Nuts for General UseF468 Specification for Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Cap Screw
28、s,Socket Head Cap Screws, and Studs for General Use2.2 AASHTO Standards and Specifications:5AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges(current edition)AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification (current edi-tion)2.3 The American Institute of Steel Construction Specifica-tions:6ANSI/AISC 360 Spe
29、cification for Structural Steel Buildings(current edition)2.4 ASCE Specifications:7SEI/ASCE 8 Specification for the Design of Cold-FormedStainless Steel Structural Members (current edition)2.5 The Aluminum Association:8Aluminum Design Manual (current edition)2.6 The American Welding Society Codes:9D
30、1.1 Structural Welding CodeSteel (current edition)D1.2 Structural Welding CodeAluminum (current edition)D1.6 Structural Welding CodeStainless Steel (current edi-tion)2.7 The U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Avia-tion Administration Advisory Circulars:10Advisory Circular No. 150/5320-6E3. Te
31、rminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 AA, nAluminum Association.3.1.2 access hatch, nan assembly of a hatch door andoptional frame providing a horizontal structural covering of anopening that provides access to the structure below.3.1.3 access hatch door, nthe access hatch horizontalcover that is either re
32、movable or hinged to provide access tothe structure below.5Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.6Available fromAmerican Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), 1
33、 East WackerDrive, Suite 3100, Chicago, Illinois 60601, http:/www.aisc.org.7Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Drive, Reston, Virginia, 20191, http:/www.asce.org.8Available from TheAluminumAssociation (AA), 1525 Wilson Blvd Suite 600,Arlington Virginia, 222
34、09, http:/www.aluminum.org.9Available from The American Welding Society (AWS), 8669 NW 36 Street no.130, Doral, Florida, 33166, http:/www.aws.org.10Available from The U.S. Department of Transportation Federal AviationAdministration, http:/www.faa.gov.C1802 18a23.1.4 access hatch frame, nthe perimete
35、r fabricationaround an access hatch door that provides attachment to theopening in the structure below.3.1.5 AISC, nAmerican Institute of Steel Construction.3.1.6 ASCE, nAmerican Society of Civil Engineers.3.1.7 ASTM, nASTM International.3.1.8 ASD, nallowable stress design.3.1.9 AWS, nAmerican Weldi
36、ng Society.3.1.10 fabricated metal, nan assembly of cut, bent, ormachined metal parts that are welded or bolted together tobecome the final assembly.3.1.11 finite element modeling, nto numerically threedimensionally model an assembly by subdividing the assemblyinto smaller elements and applying a lo
37、ad to determine thestresses in each of the elements.3.1.12 load level, na number between one and ten thatcorresponds to the description of the loads and applicable usein this specification.3.1.13 LRFD, nload and resistance factor design.3.1.14 production loading, vtest loading to a force levelless t
38、han yield strength to verify the load capacity of themanufactured hatch.3.1.15 proof loading, vtest loading to a force level of theload times a safety factor to prove the design of an accesshatch.3.1.16 protective coatings, ngalvanizing, painting, orpowder coating metal surfaces to provide corrosion
39、 and envi-ronmental protection.3.1.17 purchaser, nthe person or entity buying an accesshatch from the manufacturer.3.1.18 structural stiffeners, nstructural metallic shapes orbent metallic shapes attached to the bottom of the top platesurface of an access door to strengthen its structural properties
40、.3.1.19 top plate, nthe metallic top surface of an accessdoor that receives the pedestrian or vehicular load directly.3.1.20 ultimate strength, nthe stress of a metallic materialwhen failure occurs.3.1.21 ultimate strength load, nthe “safety” factored loadobtained by applying a load factor to the lo
41、ad.3.1.22 weld filler, nthe material deposited by a weldingoperation.3.1.23 working stress load, nload applied without loadfactors, but with capacity reduction factors applied to thematerials being utilized.3.1.24 yield strength, nthe stress of a metallic materialwhen permanent deflection first occu
42、rs and as tested at 0.2 %offset.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification is intended to standardize the mini-mum load level criteria for structural design of fabricated metalaccess hatches.4.2 The users are cautioned that they must properly identifythe anticipated current and future anticipated
43、 field loadingconditions and requirements with the design loads. It is notprohibited for field conditions to dictate loads greater than theminimum load levels presented here.5. Designation5.1 The fabricated metal hatches manufactured in accor-dance with this specification shall be legibly marked wit
44、h themanufacturers name or trademark, the specificationdesignation, the load level, the nominal opening dimensionsunless included in the part number, and the month and year ofmanufacture or a serial number on the inside of the accesshatch cover or frame as described in Section 21.6. Basis of Accepta
45、nce6.1 Acceptability of the access hatches shall be determinedbased on the design in accordance with Section 9, the physicalrequirements described in Sections 1318, the materialrequirements described in Section 7, and physical inspection ofthe access hatches.6.2 Access hatches shall be considered re
46、ady for acceptancewhen they conform to all requirements of this specification.7. Materials7.1 The material of each component of the access hatchassembly shall be suitable for its specific application within theassembly, to be determined by the expected function, therequired strength, and the environ
47、mental exposure.7.2 Steel Access Hatches:7.2.1 The minimum yield strength of all steel componentsof the access hatch shall be 36 000 psi (248.22 MPa) and theyield strengths utilized shall be stated on the calculations andfabrication drawings.7.2.2 Material specifications and grades shall be selected
48、based on required design yield strength, formability, and weldability.7.2.3 The following materials are considered to be appro-priate materials for this application:(1) Specification A36/A36M carbon steel plates, bars,structural shapes, and threaded rods,(2) Specification A53/A53M Grade B carbon ste
49、el pipes,(3) Specification A242/A242M corrosion resistant highstrength low alloy steel plates, bars, and structural shapes,(4) Specification A325 steel bolts,(5) Specification A490 steel bolts,(6) Specification A500/A500M Grade B carbon steel HSSrectangles and rounds,(7) Specification A514/A514M quenched and temperedalloy steel plates,(8) Specification A529/A529M carbon steel plates, bars,and structural shapes,(9) Specification A572/A572M high strength low alloysteel plates, bars, and structural shapes,(10) Specification A588/A588M corrosion
