1、Designation: C1821/C1821M 16Standard Practice forInstallation of Underground Circular Precast ConcreteManhole Structures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1821/C1821M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures to be followed in theplanning, site preparation, installation, tes
3、ting and backfillingof underground vertical reinforced circular precast concretemanholes and components manufactured in accordance withSpecification C478 (C478M) and used in sewer, drainage, andwater works.1.2 Concrete pipe and box culverts are not covered underthis practice.Also, precast concrete u
4、tility structures covered inSpecification C858 are excluded from this practice.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently
5、of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and healt
6、h practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe andManholes, Using Rubber GasketsC443M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe andManholes, Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric)C
7、478 Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced ConcreteManhole SectionsC478M Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced Con-crete Manhole Sections (Metric)C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC858 Specification for Underground Precast Concrete Util-ity StructuresC881/C
8、881M Specification for Epoxy-Resin-Base BondingSystems for ConcreteC923 Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Rein-forced Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes, and LateralsC923M Specification for Resilient Connectors Between Re-inforced Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes, and Laterals(Metric)
9、C928/C928M Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete RepairsC969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration AcceptanceTesting of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer LinesC969M Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration AcceptanceTesting of Installed Preca
10、st Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines(Metric)C990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes,and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible JointSealantsC990M Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe,Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using PreformedFlexible Joint Sealants (Metric)C1107/C1107M
11、 Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout (Nonshrink)C1244 Test Method for Concrete Sewer Manholes by theNegative Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test Prior to BackfillC1244M Test Method for Concrete Sewer Manholes by theNegative Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test Prior to Backfill(Metric)C1478 Specific
12、ation for Storm Drain Resilient ConnectorsBetween Reinforced Concrete Storm Sewer Structures,Pipes, and LateralsC1478M Specification for Storm Drain Resilient ConnectorsBetween Reinforced Concrete Storm Sewer Structures,Pipes, and Laterals (Metric)D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engin
13、eeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedure)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.06 on Manholesand Specials.Curr
14、ent edition approved Feb. 15, 2016. Published March 2016. DOI: 10.1520/C1821_C1821M162For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
15、page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F2510/F2510M Specification for Resilient Connectors Be-tween Reinforced Concrete Manhole Structures and Cor-rugated High Density Polyethylene Drainage Pipes2.2 AA
16、SHTO Standard:AASHTO M145 Classification of Soils and Soil-AggregateMixtures for Highway Construction Purposes32.3 Federal Standard:29 CFR Part 1926 Safety and Health Regulations for Con-struction43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concretemanholes, see Terminology C82
17、2. For terminology related tosoil classifications, see Practices D2487 and D2488.3.2 engineer, nowners representative, either designer ofrecord or inspector, with responsible charge of the ownersinterest during the installation phase of construction.3.3 installer, nprime contractor, subcontractor, o
18、r workcrew assigned the responsibility to excavate, place, and backfillthe furnished manhole structure.3.4 non-shrink grout, na cementitious in accordance withSpecification C1107/C1107M, or Specification C928/C928M,or polymer modified in accordance with Specification C881/C881M.4. Significance and U
19、se4.1 This practice is useful as a reference by an owner and/orthe engineer in preparing project specifications.4.2 The practice is useful as a reference by an owner,engineer, or installing contractor to properly install precastconcrete circular manholes.5. Site Inspection5.1 The construction area s
20、hall be carefully inspected by theinstaller using the project drawings and a checklist to identifythe work to be done and to determine that the plans are correct.5.1.1 The location of the circular manhole structure shouldbe where it will cause minimal interference with traffic andshall be clearly de
21、fined on project documents.5.1.2 All underground facilities and structures that are inpossible conflict with the installation shall be located andidentified. Location markings shall be placed by the affectedutilities before the construction.5.2 The jobsite inspection shall identify any obstacles tha
22、twill interfere with manhole excavation, unloading or settingoperations, product storage, work progress, or create a safetyhazard. Precautionary arrangements shall be made beforeexcavation begins.5.3 The jobsite inspection shall give consideration to thesoil structure and ground water table so that
23、proper shoring orsloping or both may be planned in advance of the excavationwork that will affect the installation of the manhole structure.6. Planning6.1 Permits required to do work in accordance with thedetail plans and project construction schedule shall be securedbefore commencement of the manho
24、le installation.6.2 All utilities and owners of surface and subsurfacefacilities and structures in the area shall be given advancenotification of proposed excavation directly by the installer orat a designated pre-construction meeting.6.3 Planning shall include the coordination of all respon-sible p
25、arties, including the designated precast concrete man-hole manufacturer to arrange for the delivery, distribution, andstorage of required material. If such material cannot be storedon the site, other storage areas or delivery arrangements shallbe provided.6.4 Prior to ordering of the manhole compone
26、nts the in-staller shall review all proposed manhole installation locationson the project with the design engineer and identify anypotential conflicts or reasons for movement of the manhole toa more appropriate location. If a conflict is identified onsiteprior to excavation or while performing layou
27、t, the engineershall be notified immediately to propose alternative locationand to provide the precast manhole producer opportunity toalter production of the manhole structure.6.5 The installer shall notify the precast concrete manufac-turer if any delays in permits, utility location, or otherunfore
28、seen conditions will alter the original agreed deliveryschedule or revise a precast manhole structure configuration asshown in the project plans or approved fabrication drawings.6.6 As required by the owner, engineer, installer or manholemanufacturer shop drawings shall be prepared for approvalprior
29、 to fabrication. The shop drawings shall include, but notlimited to detailed information describing each structure com-ponent to be fabricated and the associated assembly of themanhole structures by the installing contractor.6.6.1 Shop drawings shall also include steel layout details ofany specialty
30、 items including flattop slabs, flattop reducingslabs, base sections, special barrel section openings, reducercones.6.6.2 The shop drawings shall include certification of com-pliance to the project plans and specifications or clearly noteany specific exceptions to the same.7. Delivery7.1 Manufacture
31、r shall verify manhole components are incompliance to approved shop drawings prior to shipment to theproject site.7.2 The installer shall inspect the manhole components fordamage during shipping and unloading, and any non-compliance to approved shop drawings.7.2.1 If any damage or non-compliance is
32、identified, theinstaller shall take corrective action by notifying the manufac-turer. Upon inspection if the damage may affect the perfor-mance of the manhole structure, the area shall be repaired in3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Ca
33、pitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.C1821/C1821M 162accordance with Specification C478. If the damaged manh
34、olecomponent cannot be repaired in accordance with SpecificationC478, that component shall not be installed.7.2.2 The installer shall measure the received manholecomponents upon delivery to verify the products furnished arein compliance to the approved shop drawings. This includesbut not limited to:
35、 pipe hole placement to confirm pipe entranceand exit angles are correct, the distance from the exteriorbottom of the manhole base to the hole placement andcorresponding pipe invert elevation to calculate and verifyrequired excavation elevations to maintain pipe grade toproject requirements. Verify
36、the manhole components suppliedcan be constructed to the correct finished grade elevation withcomponents furnished prior to installation. Any identifiedissues with any of these items shall be reported immediately tothe precast manhole manufacturer.7.2.3 Installer shall verify the delivered frames an
37、d covers/grates comply with the project requirements.7.2.4 If manhole product(s) need to be stored onsite, it is theinstallers responsibility to ensure the product is placed onlevel ground and free from unnecessary mud or debris toprevent damage to the manhole components. Special jointmaterials: gas
38、kets, lubricant, mastic if furnished shall be storedsecurely and in accordance with manufacturers recommenda-tions.7.2.5 The installing contractor should consult the manufac-turer when storing manhole products for periods longer than 30days.8. Safety Requirements8.1 Safety requirements for construct
39、ion shall be in accor-dance with all national, regional, and local regulations.8.2 Manhole components shall only be handled with appro-priately rated handling equipment from the safe lift pointsdesignated by the manufacturer of the precast manhole sec-tions. Manhole ladders, steps or appurtenances a
40、re not to beused as lifting points.8.2.1 The manhole-lifting apparatus shall meet or exceedsafe working load capacity with respect to the lifting points andthe unit weight to be handled including all required safetyfactors as required by code and law within the jurisdiction ofthe manhole installatio
41、n. All lifting points shall be used, andthe product shall be handled with equal “picking” force on alllifting points.8.2.2 When lifting manhole bases and risers, make sure thechain or cable lengths are long enough to prevent contact withthe manhole joint area and are kept at appropriate liftingangle
42、s. Where safe lifting angles cannot be achieved, useappropriately rated spreader bars.8.2.3 The weight of each section to be handled shall beclearly indicated by marking of the section or on the deliverydocuments provided to the installer by the precast manholemanufacturer.8.2.4 Manhole components s
43、hall be lifted with equipmentappropriate to the application and with sufficient capacity tosafely handle the weight of the product.8.2.5 When transporting manhole components on site it isthe installers responsibility to ensure the speed and mode oftransporting the manhole components prevents any pos
44、sibledamage to the product.NOTE 1Excessive travel bouncing of the product can introduceunanticipated loadings, cause damage or disassembly of the lifting deviceto the lifting points.9. Excavation and Shoring9.1 The excavation size shall allow for the overall as-sembled height of the manhole structur
45、e including any fabri-cated sump, plus the height of any grade ring sections, amanhole frame and cover, and any bedding material required.The excavation shall have sufficient width and length, inaccordance with local, state, and federal regulations, to ensuresafe installation and when compaction of
46、the backfill isrequired.9.2 When material unsuitable for installing the manholecomponents is encountered during excavation it shall beremoved to the requirements on the project drawings or asspecified by the engineer. Over-excavated areas shall bebackfilled with engineer approved materials specified
47、 for theleveling course.9.3 The contractor shall make such provisions as required toensure adequate drainage of the trench to protect the levelingcourse during the construction operations. Where surface wateror groundwater conditions exist, the site and trench shall bedewatered to a level that will
48、provide satisfactory installation.9.4 Shoring if utilized for construction shall be in accor-dance with all national, regional and local regulations.9.5 If shoring is to be removed it shall be done in accor-dance with the shoring manufacturers recommendations orapproved safe construction practices.
49、The installer shall use theappropriate lifting equipment to safely remove the shoring andto prevent any disturbance or damage to the manhole.9.6 Voids in the sidefill that are created by movement of theshoring shall be filled and compacted in accordance with 12.7.10. Foundation10.1 The foundation shall be moderately firm to hard in situmaterial, stabilized soil, or compacted fill material with ad-equate bearing capacity to support the manhole structure asspecified by the engineer or project requirements.10.2 When unsuitable or unstable material is encountered,the founda
