1、Designation: C1860 18Standard Test Methods forMeasurement of Tensile Strength or Bond Strength ofPortland Cement-Based Plaster by Direct Tension1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determiningthe tensile strength of a section
3、of portland cement-basedplaster, the bond strength between portland cement-basedplaster and a solid plaster base, or the fastener pull-out or lathpull-over strength for portland cement-based plaster bases overframing in either an exterior (stucco) or interior application.The test procedures are dest
4、ructive in nature within thelocalized test areas and, after testing is concluded, requireappropriate repair of the finish system as well as any underly-ing materials damaged during testing.1.2 The test methods are suitable for use on portlandcement-based plaster finish systems on both new and existi
5、ngconstruction. Test method shall be conducted a minimum of28 days after application of the portland cement-based plaster.Test MethodAshall be used to determine the tensile strength orbond strength of direct-applied portland cement-based plasterand may be useful in evaluating the efficacy of differe
6、nt surfacepreparation characteristics, bonding agents, or both. TestMethod B shall be used to determine the tensile strength ofportland cement-based plaster installed over mechanicallyattached lath.1.3 The test methods are suitable for use in both laboratoryand field samples. No correlation shall be
7、 made betweenlaboratory and field testing.1.4 The test methods are not intended to evaluate theperformance of the underlying construction or framing mem-bers. Test results on a particular building may be variabledepending on the specimen location, condition, andinstallation, and are subject to inter
8、pretation by the testspecifier.1.5 The test methods are not intended to evaluate theperformance of coatings applied to the surface of the portlandcement-based plaster.1.6 The test methods are not intended to be a pre-construction qualifier to determine if the surfaces are appro-priate for applicatio
9、n of portland cement plaster. The testmethods are intended to be used as a tool to quantitativelyevaluate existing portland cement plaster cladding that issuspected of questionable bond or uncertain fastening to thesubstrate.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard
10、. SI values in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.8 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations, or equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestabli
11、sh appropriate safety, health, and environmental prac-tices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for
12、theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related BuildingMaterials and SystemsC219 Terminology Relating to
13、Hydraulic CementC926 Specification for Application of Portland Cement-Based PlasterC1063 Specification for Installation of Lathing and Furringto Receive Interior and Exterior Portland Cement-BasedPlasterC1583/C1583M Test Method for Tensile Strength of Con-crete Surfaces and the Bond Strength or Tens
14、ile Strengthof Concrete Repair and Overlay Materials by DirectTension (Pull-off Method)D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-terials1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C11 on Gypsumand Related Building Materials and Systems and is the direct responsibility of
15、Subcommittee C11.02 on Specifications and Test Methods for Accessories andRelated Products.Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published March 2018. DOI: 10.1520/C1860-18.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis interna
16、tional standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Commi
17、ttee.1E2359/E2359M Test Method for Field Pull Testing of anIn-Place Exterior Insulation and Finish System Clad WallAssembly2.2 American Society of Civil Engineers:SEI/ASC 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and OtherStructures2.3 U.S. Department of Commerce:Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-09 Struct
18、ural Plywood3. Terminology3.1 Terms shall be as defined in Terminologies C11 andC219, except as modified herein.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 adhesive, nhigh strength adhesive of appropriatetype to adhere test module to plaster. Expanding foam adhe-sives shall be prohibited.3.2.2 bond strength, nthe maximum
19、 stress as measured inforce per unit area that a plaster specimen can withstand indirect tension before failure either (a) between any two stuccocoats, or (b) between the base coat(s) and the substrate.3.2.3 fastener pull-out, nfailure mode by which the fas-tener released from the substrate in withd
20、rawal.3.2.4 lath pull-over, nfailure mode by which the lath(metal or non-metallic) pulls over the head of the fastener,leaving the fastener intact.3.2.5 proof, nthe maximum safe test load as set in thisstandard.3.2.6 substrate, nthe surface to which the plaster isattached, either directly or with la
21、th (metal or non-metallic).3.2.7 tensile strength, nthe stress as measured in force perunit area that a plaster specimen can withstand in direct tensionbefore failure within any individual stucco coat.3.2.8 tensile load, nthe load as measured in force that aplaster specimen can withstand in direct t
22、ension at failure.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of the test methods in this standard is tomeasure the tensile strength or bond strength of portlandcement-based plaster to its substrate. The values obtained usingthe test methods are not purported to be representative of theactual wind load c
23、apacity or other structural properties of aspecific portland cement-based plaster installation but may behelpful in assessing such load capacities.4.2 Because the test methods described in this standard areused for evaluation of portland cement-based plaster cured atleast 28 days, load results obtai
24、ned by either test method mustbe interpreted based on sound engineering practice, applicablebuilding regulations, and codes having jurisdiction. The deci-sion of whether to use the load results directly or to use the loadresults as modified by an appropriate safety factor to obtainacceptable working
25、 loads is left to the discretion of the testspecifier. Determination of an appropriate safety factor shall beleft to the discretion of the test specifier. Methods to calculatea safety factor and a maximum permitted working load areprovided in the Appendix.4.3 When the test methods contained in this
26、standard areused on test specimens installed on existing structures, the testresults shall not be generalized to a larger wall area withoutsufficient test sampling. Such efforts should be based onengineering experience and judgment of the test specifier.5. Apparatus5.1 Pull test frame fabricated fro
27、m metal or wood, asrequired, with capability of applying a concentric pull force tothe test module and distributing reaction forces on adjacentwall components. It is intended that the pull test frame beeasily transportable and relocated so that it can readily be usedon saw-horses, scaffolding, lifts
28、, and swing-stages. The pulltest frame as specified in Test Method E2359/E2359M shall bepermitted in this test method.5.2 A coupling device to connect the pull test module to theload cell and test frame. The coupling device shall be designedto withstand the tensile capacity of the device without yie
29、lding,and to transmit the tensile force parallel to and in line withcenterline of the test specimen without imparting torsion orbending stress to the specimen. The coupling device shall befitted with a metal rod fixed at the load cell and threaded at theopposite end to permit the application of tens
30、ile loads to thetest module in a controlled manner with incrementally increas-ing load intensities.5.3 Aload cell with force gauge having a capacity of at leastthe proof values specified in 7.3, and an accuracy of 62%.Load cells shall be calibrated annually.5.4 Electric angle grinder with masonry cu
31、tting blade ofsufficient diameter to fully penetrate plaster thickness andgrinding blade to level surface of plaster.5.5 Miscellaneous hand tools, bolts, and connection hard-ware.5.6 Test Method A:5.6.1 Pull test module consisting of a minimum 6 by 6 in.(153 by 153 mm) and maximum 48 by 48 in. (1220
32、 by1220 mm) U.S. DOC Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-09plywood minimum of34 in. (19 mm) nominal thickness bond-ing panel (one for each specimen intended for testing) and oneminimum14 in. (6 mm) thick steel plate sized to match lengthand width of the wooden bonding panel which is moved fromspecimen t
33、o specimen.2The steel plate module shall include anintegral steel nut located at the plan center of the plate of sizeto receive the threaded rod that connects the load cell to themodule and provisions for78 in. (22 mm) length, #14 woodscrews to fasten the steel plate to the plywood bonding panel.Adh
34、ere one nominal34 in. (19 mm) thick wooden bondingpanel to the surface of the stucco at each specimen location.For testing purposes, temporarily fasten the steel boltingtemplate at each adhered bonding panel in succession. Fasten-ers between the steel plate module and plywood bonding panelshall be s
35、paced at a minimum 2 in. on center and maximum2Module shall be sized as large as possible to capture as large of a stucco areaas possible. In consideration of geometrical constraints and safety hazards associ-ated with the weight and size of steel plates sized to match the wood templates, aminimum 6
36、 by 6 in. (153 by 153 mm) shall be permitted.C1860 1822 in. edge distance. (See Figs. 1 and 2 for an example of a 12by 12 in. (305 by 305 mm) test module).5.7 Test Method B:5.7.1 Pull test module consisting of a 26 by 26 in. (660 by660 mm) U.S. DOC Voluntary Product Standard PS-1 ratedplywood minimu
37、m of34 in. (19 mm) nominal thickness bond-ing panel (one for each specimen intended for testing) and one26 by 26 by14 in. (19 by 19 by 6 mm) thick steel plate whichis moved from specimen to specimen. The steel plate moduleshall include an integral steel nut located at the plan center ofthe plate of
38、size to receive the threaded rod that connects theload cell to the module and provisions for78 in. (22 mm)length, #14 wood screws to fasten the steel plate to theplywood bonding panel. (See Figs. 3 and 4). Adhere one34 in.(19 mm) thick wooden bonding panel to the surface of thestucco at each specime
39、n location. For testing purposes, tem-porarily fasten the steel bolting template at each adheredbonding panel in succession. Fasteners between the steel platemodule and plywood bonding panel shall be spaced at aminimum 2 in. on center and maximum 2 in. edge distance.(See Figs. 3 and 4 for an example
40、 of a 26 by 26 in. (660 by660 mm) test module).5.8 As an alternate to the14 in. (6 mm) steel panel specifiedin 5.6.1 and 5.7.1, the test specifier shall be permitted toFIG. 1 Example of 12 by 12 in (305 by 305 mm) Bonding PanelC1860 183substitute a minimum34 in. (19 mm) U.S. DOC VoluntaryProduct Sta
41、ndard PS-1 rated plywood panel of equivalentdimensions.5.9 An exploded view of the test assembly components (pulltest frame, coupling device, load cell, and pull test module asdescribed in 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.6, and 5.7, respectively) is shownin Fig. 5.6. Test Specimen6.1 Sampling:6.1.1 Sampling locati
42、ons and number of specimens shall bedetermined by test specifier.6.1.2 Where random sampling is specified, sampling loca-tions and number of specimens shall be determined in accor-dance with Practice D3665. Where sampling is targeted inareas with suspect deficiencies, such sampling shall be identi-f
43、ied and the means by which the targeted areas were identified(for example, acoustical sounding) shall be described in thereport.6.2 Surface Preparation:FIG. 2 Sample Layout of 12 in. (305 mm) Square Steel Bolting TemplateC1860 1846.2.1 Remove all surface contaminants, loose debris, anddust that may
44、interfere with bond.6.2.2 If surface texture profile of plaster is such that goodbond cannot be achieved, grind the surface texture to a levelsurface that permits good bond.6.3 Test Method A:6.3.1 Where testing is to be performed at a targeted area ofsuspected unbonded or debonded stucco (determined
45、 throughsounding or another applicable method), the area to be testedshall be a square equal to the suspected area of unbonded ordebonded stucco multiplied by a factor of 2, up to a maximumarea of 48 by 48 in. (1220 by 1220 mm). Where testing israndomized, the area to be tested shall be sized to mat
46、ch thewood bonding panel as described in 5.6.1.6.3.2 Mark an outline over the area to be tested as describedin 6.3.1. Cut along the outline through the full depth of thestucco and plaster base, taking care to avoid damaging thesubstrate.6.3.3 Attach the plywood bonding panel to the surface of thetes
47、t specimen using the adhesive. Ensure that the plywood iscentered on the test specimen and the edges of the plywoodalign with the edges of the score cut. Apply and cure theadhesive in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.Prevent adhesive that drips down the side of the specimen andFIG. 3 E
48、xample of 26 in. (660 mm) Square Plywood Bonding PanelC1860 185into the annular cut from setting by wiping clean; if settingoccurs, cutting along the outline of the specimen shall berepeated. Temporarily brace the panel to the specimen asnecessary to prevent slippage while adhesive cures. Providetem
49、porary protection as required by the adhesive manufactur-ers installation instructions.6.4 Test Method B:6.4.1 Determine the location of framing members within thesampling location via non-destructive testing methods, such asinfrared thermography.6.4.2 Mark a 26 by 26 in. (660 by 660 mm) outline centeredover a single framing member. Cut along the outline throughthe full depth of the stucco and plaster base, only scoring thesheathing and taking care to avoid damaging the framingmembers.6.4.3 Attach the plywood bonding panel to the surface of thetest specimen usi
