1、Designation: C1863 18Standard Test Method forHoop Tensile Strength of Continuous Fiber-ReinforcedAdvanced Ceramic Composite Tubular Test Specimens atAmbient Temperature Using Direct Pressurization1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1863; the number immediately following the designa
2、tion indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the deter
3、mination of the hooptensile strength, including stress-strain response, of continuousfiber-reinforced advanced ceramic tubes subjected to directinternal pressurization that is applied monotonically at ambienttemperature. This type of test configuration is sometimesreferred to as “tube burst test.” T
4、his test method is specific totube geometries, because flaw populations, fiber architecture,material fabrication, and test specimen geometry factors areoften distinctly different in composite tubes, as compared toflat plates.1.2 In the test method, a composite tube/cylinder with adefined gage sectio
5、n and a known wall thickness is loaded viainternal pressurization from a pressurized fluid applied eitherdirectly to the material or through a secondary bladder insertedinto the tube. The monotonically applied uniform radial pres-sure on the inside of the tube results in hoop stress-strainresponse o
6、f the composite tube that is recorded until failure ofthe tube. The hoop tensile strength and the hoop fracturestrength are determined from the resulting maximum pressureand the pressure at fracture, respectively. The hoop tensilestrains, the hoop proportional limit stress, and the modulus ofelastic
7、ity in the hoop direction are determined from thestress-strain data. Note that hoop tensile strength as used in thistest method refers to the tensile strength in the hoop directionfrom the introduction of a monotonically applied internalpressure where monotonicrefers to a continuous nonstop testrate
8、 without reversals from test initiation to final fracture.1.3 This test method applies primarily to advanced ceramicmatrix composite tubes with continuous fiber reinforcement:unidirectional (1D, filament wound and tape lay-up), bidirec-tional (2D, fabric/tape lay-up and weave), and tridirectional(3D
9、, braid and weave). These types of ceramic matrix com-posites can be composed of a wide range of ceramic fibers(oxide, graphite, carbide, nitride, and other compositions) in awide range of crystalline and amorphous ceramic matrixcompositions (oxide, carbide, nitride, carbon, graphite, andother compo
10、sitions).1.4 This test method does not directly address discontinuousfiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforcedceramics, although the test methods detailed here may beequally applicable to these composites.1.5 The test method is applicable to a range of test specimentube geometr
11、ies based on the intended application that includescomposite material property and tube radius. Lengths of thecomposite tube, length of the pressurized section, and length oftube overhang are determined so as to provide a gage lengthwith uniform internal radial pressure. A wide range of combi-nation
12、s of material properties, tube radii, wall thicknesses, tubelengths, and lengths of pressurized section are possible.1.5.1 This test method is specific to ambient temperaturetesting. Elevated temperature testing requires high-temperaturefurnaces and heating devices with temperature control andmeasur
13、ement systems and temperature-capable pressurizationmethods which are not addressed in this test method.1.6 This test method addresses tubular test specimengeometries, test specimen preparation methods, testing rates(that is, induced pressure rate), and data collection and report-ing procedures in t
14、he following sections:Scope Section 1Referenced Documents Section 2Terminology Section 3Summary of Test Method Section 4Significance and Use Section 5Interferences Section 6Apparatus Section 7Hazards Section 8Test Specimens Section 9Test Procedure Section 10Calculation of Results Section 11Report Se
15、ction 12Precision and Bias Section 13Keywords Section 14AppendixReferences1.7 Values expressed in this test method are in accordancewith the International System of Units (SI) and IEEE/ASTM SI10.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 onAdvanced Ceramics and is the direct r
16、esponsibility of Subcommittee C28.07 onCeramic Matrix Composites.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 2018. DOI: 10.1520/C1863-18.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis inte
17、rnational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Co
18、mmittee.11.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations pri
19、or to use.Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations
20、 issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1145 Terminology of Advanced CeramicsC1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data andEstimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for AdvancedCeramicsD3878 Terminology
21、for Composite MaterialsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry
22、-Bulb Tem-peratures)E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive AxialForce ApplicationIEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for MetricPractice3. Terminology3.1 The definitions of terms relating to hoop tensile strengthtesting appearing
23、in Terminology E6 apply to the terms used inthis test method. The definitions of terms relating to advancedceramics appearing in Terminology C1145 apply to the termsused in this test method. The definitions of terms relating tofiber-reinforced composites appearing in Terminology D3878apply to the te
24、rms used in this test method. Pertinent definitionsas listed in Practice E1012 and Terminologies C1145, D3878,and E6 are shown in the following with the appropriate sourcegiven in parentheses. Additional terms used in conjunctionwith this test method are defined in the following:3.2 Definitions:3.2.
25、1 advanced ceramic, na highly engineered, high-performance, predominantly nonmetallic, inorganic, ceramicmaterial having specific functional attributes. C11453.2.2 breaking force (F), nthe force at which fractureoccurs. E63.2.3 ceramic matrix composite (CMC), na material con-sisting of two or more m
26、aterials (insoluble in one another) inwhich the major, continuous component (matrix component) isa ceramic, while the secondary component/s (reinforcingcomponent) may be ceramic, glass-ceramic, glass, metal, ororganic in nature. These components are combined on amacroscale to form a useful engineeri
27、ng material possessingcertain properties or behavior not possessed by the individualconstituents. C11453.2.4 continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite(CFCC), na ceramic matrix composite in which the reinforc-ing phase consists of a continuous fiber, continuous yarn, or awoven fabric. C114
28、53.2.5 gage length (L), nthe original length of that portionof the specimen over which strain or change of length isdetermined. E63.2.6 hoop fracture strength (FL2), nthe tensile compo-nent of hoop stress at the point when the structural integrity ofthe material is compromised and the tubular test s
29、pecimenruptures. Hoop fracture strength is calculated from the internalpressure induced at rupture of the tubular test specimen.3.2.7 hoop stress (FL2), nthe tensile stress in the circum-ferential direction of a tube or pipe due to internal hydrostaticpressure.3.2.8 hoop tensile strength (FL2), nthe
30、 maximum tensilecomponent of hoop stress which a material is capable ofsustaining. Hoop tensile strength is calculated from the maxi-mum internal pressure induced in a tubular test specimen.3.2.9 matrix cracking stress (FL2), nthe applied tensilestress at which the matrix cracks into a series of rou
31、ghlyparallel blocks normal to the tensile stress.3.2.9.1 DiscussionIn some cases, the matrix crackingstress may be indicated on the stress-strain curve by deviationfrom linearity (proportional limit) or incremental drops in thestress with increasing strain. In other cases, especially withmaterials w
32、hich do not possess a linear region of the stress-strain curve, the matrix cracking stress may be indicated as thefirst stress at which a permanent offset strain is detected in theduring unloading (elastic limit).3.2.10 modulus of elasticity (FL2), nthe ratio of stress tocorresponding strain below t
33、he proportional limit. E63.2.11 modulus of resilience (FLL3), nstrain energy perunit volume required to elastically stress the material from zeroto the proportional limit indicating the ability of the material toabsorb energy when deformed elastically and return it whenunloaded.3.2.12 modulus of tou
34、ghness (FLL3), nstrain energy perunit volume required to stress the material from zero to finalfracture indicating the ability of the material to absorb energybeyond the elastic range (that is, damage tolerance of thematerial).3.2.12.1 DiscussionThe modulus of toughness can also bereferred to as the
35、 “cumulative damage energy” and as such isregarded as an indication of the ability of the material to sustaindamage rather than as a material property. Fracture mechanicsmethods for the characterization of CMCs have not beendeveloped. The determination of the modulus of toughness asprovided in this
36、test method for the characterization of the2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.C1863 182cumulativ
37、e damage process in CMCs may become obsoletewhen fracture mechanics methods for CMCs become available.3.2.13 proportional limit stress (FL2), nthe greatest stressthat a material is capable of sustaining without any deviationfrom proportionality of stress to strain (Hookes law).3.2.13.1 DiscussionMan
38、y experiments have shown thatvalues observed for the proportional limit vary greatly with thesensitivity and accuracy of the testing equipment, eccentricityof loading, the scale to which the stress-strain diagram isplotted, and other factors. When determination of proportionallimit is required, the
39、procedure and sensitivity of the testequipment should be specified. E63.2.14 slow crack growth, nsubcritical crack growth (ex-tension) which may result from, but is not restricted to, suchmechanisms as environmentally assisted stress corrosion ordiffusive crack growth. C11454. Summary of Test Method
40、4.1 In this test method, a composite tube/cylinder with adefined gage section and a known wall thickness is loaded viainternal pressurization from a pressurized fluid applied eitherdirectly to the material or through a secondary bladder insertedinto the tube. The monotonically applied uniform radial
41、 pres-sure on the inside of the tube results in hoop stress-strainresponse of the composite tube that is recorded until failure ofthe tube. The hoop tensile strength and the hoop fracturestrength are determined from the resulting maximum pressureand the pressure at fracture, respectively. The hoop t
42、ensilestrains, the hoop proportional limit stress, and the modulus ofelasticity in the hoop direction are determined from thestress-strain data.4.2 Hoop tensile strength as used in this test method refersto the tensile strength in the hoop direction from the introduc-tion of a monotonically applied
43、internal pressure where mono-tonicrefers to a continuous nonstop test rate without reversalsfrom test initiation to final fracture.4.3 The test method is applicable to a range of test specimentube geometries based on a nondimensional parameter thatincludes composite material property and tube radius
44、. Lengthsof the composite tube and other test specimen parameters aredetermined so as to provide a gage length with uniform internalradial pressure that results in only a hoop stress in the gagesection. A wide range of combinations of material properties,tube radii, wall thicknesses, tube lengths, p
45、ressurized lengths,and overhang (that is, unpressurized) lengths are possible.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method (also known as “tube burst test”) maybe used for material development, material comparison, mate-rial screening, material down selection, and quality assurance.This test method c
46、an also be used for material characterization,design data generation, material model verification/validation,or combinations thereof.5.2 Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites(CFCCs) are composed of continuous ceramic-fiber directional(1D, 2D, and 3D) reinforcements in a fine grain-sized (50
47、 m)ceramic matrix with controlled porosity. Often these compos-ites have an engineered thin (0.1 to 10 m) interface coating onthe fibers to produce crack deflection and fiber pull-out.5.3 CFCC components have distinctive and synergisticcombinations of material properties, interface coatings, poros-i
48、ty control, composite architecture (1D, 2D, and 3D), andgeometric shapes that are generally inseparable. Prediction ofthe mechanical performance of CFCC tubes (particularly withbraid and 3D weave architectures) may not be possible byapplying measured properties from flat CFCC plates to thedesign of
49、tubes. This is because fabrication/processing meth-ods may be unique to tubes and not replicable to flat plates,thereby producing compositionally similar but structurally andmorphologically different CFCC materials. In particular, tubu-lar components comprised of CFCC material form a uniquesynergistic combination of material, geometric shape, andreinforcement architecture that are generally inseparable. Inother words, prediction of mechanical performance of CFCCtubes generally cannot be made by using properties measuredfrom flat plates. Strength tests o
