1、Designation: C187 11American Association StateHighway and Transportation Officials StandardAASHTO No.: T 129Standard Test Method forAmount of Water Required for Normal Consistency ofHydraulic Cement Paste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C187; the number immediately following the
2、designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers t
3、he determination of the normalconsistency of hydraulic cement.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
4、is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 1.4 for aspecific warning statement.1.4 WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures arecaustic and may cause chemical
5、burns to skin and tissue uponprolonged exposure. The use of gloves, protective clothing,and eye protection is recommended. Wash contact area withcopious amounts of water after contact. Wash eyes for aminimum of 15 min. Avoid exposure of the body to clothingsaturated with the liquid phase of the unha
6、rdened material.Remove contaminated clothing immediately after exposure.22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist
7、Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE177 Practice for Use of the
8、Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 Normal consistency is defined in Terminology standardC219.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine theamount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pasteswith normal consistency, as required f
9、or certain standard tests.5. Apparatus5.1 Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass,conforming to the requirements of Specification C1005. Thedevices for determining mass shall be evaluated for precisionand bias at a total load of 1000 g.5.2 Glass Graduates, 200 or 250-mLcapacity, and confor
10、m-ing to the requirements of Specification C1005.5.3 Vicat ApparatusThe Vicat apparatus shall consist of aframe A (Fig. 1) bearing a movable rod B, weighing 300 g, oneend C, the plunger end, being 10 mm in diameter for a distanceof at least 50 mm, and the other end having a removable needleD, 1 mm i
11、n diameter and 50 mm in length. The rod B isreversible, and can be held in any desired position by a setscrew E, and has an adjustable indicator F, which moves overa scale (graduated in millimetres) attached to the frame A. Thepaste is held in a rigid conical ring G, resting on a planenonabsorptive
12、square base plate H, about 100 mm on each side.The rod B shall be made of stainless steel having a hardness of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.22 on Workability.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Publ
13、ished May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C18710. DOI:10.1520/C0187-11.2Section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTMStandards, Vol 04.01.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servi
14、ce at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
15、-2959, United States.not less than 35 HRC (See Note 1), and shall be straight withthe plunger end which is perpendicular to the rod axis. The ringshall be made of a noncorroding, nonabsorbent material, andshall have an inside diameter of 70 mm at the base and 60 mmat the top, and a height of 40 mm.
16、In addition to the above, theVicat apparatus shall conform to the following requirements:Weight of movable rod 300 6 0.5 gDiameter of plunger end of rod 10 6 0.05 mmDiameter of needle 1 6 0.05 mmInside diameter of ring at bottom 70 6 3mmInside diameter of ring at top 60 6 3mmHeight of ring 40 6 1mmG
17、raduated scale The graduated scale, when comparedwith a standard scale accurate to within0.1 mm at all points, shall not show adeviation at any point greater than 0.25mm.NOTE 1The requirement that the rod be made of stainless steel shallapply only to new Vicat apparatus or replacement rods and not t
18、oequipment in use which meets the other requirements of this test method.5.4 Flat Trowel, having a sharpened straight-edged steelblade 100 to 150 mm in length.6. Temperature and Humidity6.1 The temperature of the air and mixing water shallconform to the requirements of Specification C511.6.2 The rel
19、ative humidity of the laboratory shall conform tothe requirements of Specification C511.7. Procedure7.1 Preparation of Cement PasteMix 650 g of cementwith a measured quantity of water following the procedureprescribed in the Procedure for Mixing Pastes of PracticeC305. The water shall conform to the
20、 numerical limits ofSpecification D1193 for Type III or Type IV grade of reagentwater.7.2 Molding Test SpecimenQuickly form the cementpaste, prepared as described in 7.1, into the approximate shapeof a ball with gloved hands. Then toss six times through a freepath of about 150 mm from one hand to an
21、other so as toproduce a nearly spherical mass that may be easily inserted intothe Vicat ring with a minimum amount of additional manipu-lation. Press the ball, resting in the palm of one hand, into thelarger end of the conical ring G, Fig. 1, held in the other hand,completely filling the ring with p
22、aste. Remove the excess at thelarger end by a single movement of the palm of the hand. Placethe ring on its larger end on the base plate H, and slice off theexcess paste at the smaller end at the top of the ring by a singleoblique stroke of a sharp-edged trowel held at a slight anglewith the top of
23、the ring, and smooth the top, if necessary, witha few light touches of the pointed end of the trowel. Duringthese operations of cutting and smoothing, take care not tocompress the paste.7.3 Consistency DeterminationCenter the paste confinedin the ring, resting on the plate, under the rod B, Fig. 1,
24、theplunger end C of which shall be brought in contact with thesurface of the paste, and tighten the set-screw E. Then set themovable indicator F to the upper zero mark of the scale, or takean initial reading, and release the rod immediately. Release therod at a time not exceeding 30 s after completi
25、on of mixing.The apparatus shall be free of all vibrations during the test. Thepaste shall be of normal consistency when the rod settles to apoint 10 6 1 mm below the original surface in 30 s after beingreleased. Make trial pastes with varying percentages of wateruntil the normal consistency is obta
26、ined. Make each trial withfresh cement.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the amount of water required for normalconsistency as the mass of water divided by the mass of drycement, expressed as a percentage. Calculate the 52 mass ratioto the nearest 0.1 % and report the mass ratio to the nearest0.5 %.9. Pre
27、cision and Bias9.1 The single operator-instrument precision has been foundto be 0.25 (1S), and the multilaboratory precision has beenfound to be 0.35 (1S) as defined in Practice E177; therefore, theresults of two properly conducted tests by the same operator ina laboratory should agree within 0.7 pe
28、rcentage point, and testresults between two laboratories should agree with 1.0 percent-age point 95 % of the time.10. Keywords10.1 consistency; normal consistency; Vicat needlesFIG. 1 Vicat ApparatusC187 112For additional useful information on details of cement test methods, reference may be made to
29、 the “Manual of Cement Testing,”which appears in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C18710)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 1, 2011.)(1) Revised t
30、itle.(2) Corrected reference for glass graduates in 5.2.(3) Added Section 3 on Terminology.(4) Revised Section 4.(5) Revised 7.3.(6) Revised 8.1.Committee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since the last issue,C18704, that may impact the use of this test method.
31、 (Approved May 1, 2010)(1) Revised Section 6 to refer to Specification C511 fortemperature and relative humidity requirements.(2) Revised the standard, including Fig. 1, to be solely in SIunits.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection w
32、ith any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible tec
33、hnical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considera
34、tion at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr H
35、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C187 113
