1、Designation: C1870 18Standard Test Method forDetermination of Impact Diameter from Falling Ball onCeramic Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring im-pact properties of ceramic tile, bonded to a standardizedconcrete s
3、ubstrate, from a falling 2-in. steel ball.1.2 This test method is intended solely for evaluatingstandardized laboratory test specimens and does not purport tosimulate actual installed performance.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parent
4、heses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
5、 safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopmen
6、t of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ISO Standards:ISO 13007-2 Ceramic tiles - Grouts and adhesives - Part 2:Test methods for adhesives3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A2-in.
7、 steel ball is dropped from a specified height ontoa bonded tile assembly, and the diameter of the impact area ismeasured and reported.4. Significance and Use4.1 Impact diameter may be used to interpret impact resis-tance.4.2 Maximum impact diameter may be a specified require-ment for tile.5. Appara
8、tus5.1 Steel BallA grade 25 chrome steel ball bearing whichis 2 6 0.1 in. (50.8 mm) in diameter with a mass of 1.2 60.1 lb (540g).5.2 Ball Drop DeviceA suitable means of holding andreleasing the steel ball from a predetermined height. A sectionof pipe, with an inside diameter at least132 in. (0.8 mm
9、) largerthan that of the steel ball, and with holes drilled at 1 in.(25.4 mm) increments has been known to work. The devicemay be fixed to a table or cabinet and a pin may be placedthrough the previously drilled holes to act as a release for thesteel ball. (See Fig. 1.)6. Sample Preparation6.1 Concr
10、ete SubstratePrepare six 6 6 0.3 in. by 6 60.3 in. (152.4 by 152.4 mm) substrate blocks. The test substrateshall be 1.6 6 0.2 in. (40.6 mm) thick, have a moisture contentof less than 3 % by mass and have a water absorption at thesurface after four hours of testing in range of 0.03 0.09 in.3(0.5 1.5
11、cm3). The cohesive strength shall be at least 218 psi(1.5 N/mm2). A method for manufacturing a suitable concretesubstrate may be found in informative Annex A of ISO 13007Ceramic Tiles: Products for Installation Part 2Adhesives TestMethods.6.2 Test SpecimensPrepare three test assemblies for the36-in.
12、 (914.4-mm) drop and three test assemblies for the 48-in.(1219.2-mm) drop. Each test assembly shall be comprised of a6 6 0.3 in. by 6 6 0.3 in. (152.4 by 152.4 mm) piece of tile(which may be cut at random from a larger tile) and a concretesubstrate block. The tile shall be bonded to a clean, dryconc
13、rete test substrate block using a bonding adhesive recom-mended by the manufacturer or supplier of the product(s) beingtested. Cure all test assemblies in accordance with the recom-mendation by the manufacturer or supplier of the product(s)being tested.7. Procedure7.1 36-in. DropPosition the test as
14、sembly under the balldrop device so that the steel ball will impact the center of the1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018
15、. Published February 2018. Originallyapproved in 2018 as C1870 18. DOI: 10.1520/C1870-18Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles
16、on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1test assembly. Place the steel ball in the ball drop device 36 60.5 in. (914.4 mm
17、) above the face of the test assembly andrelease it. Catch the ball after the first impact so that thedamage to the test assembly is a result of a single impact.Measure the diameter of the circular impact area (Note 1)created by the steel ball to the nearest 0.02 in (0.5 mm). (SeeFig. 2.)7.2 48-in.
18、DropPosition the test assembly under the balldrop device so that the steel ball will impact the center of thetest assembly. Place the steel ball in the ball drop device 48 60.5 in. (1219.2 mm) above the face of the test assembly andrelease it. Catch the ball after the first impact so that thedamage
19、to the test assembly is a result of a single impact.Measure the diameter of the circular impact area (Note 1)created by the steel ball to the nearest 0.02 in (0.5 mm). (SeeFig. 2.)NOTE 1To assist in viewing the circular impact area, a suitable stainsuch as waterproof black India ink or a 1 % aqueous
20、 solution of methyleneblue and/or a magnification device may be used.8. Report8.1 Report the individual and average diameters for the36-in. drop test8.2 Report the individual and average diameters for the48-in. drop tests.9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionThe precision of this method has not yetbeen
21、 determined.9.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe impact diameter of ceramic tile because no material havingan accepted reference value is available.10. Keywords10.1 bonded; impact diameter; impact resistance; thin tile;tileFIG. 1 Ball Drop DeviceC1870 182ASTM International takes
22、 no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own resp
23、onsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addresse
24、d to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the
25、address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 2 Impact AreaC1870 183
