ASTM C20-2000(2010) Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity Water Absorption Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water《用.pdf
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1、Designation: C20 00 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Methods forApparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent SpecificGravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick andShapes by Boiling Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C20; the number immediately following the designatio
2、n indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agenc
3、ies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thefollowing properties of burned refractory brick:1.1.1 Apparent porosity,1.1.2 Water absorption,1.1.3 Apparent specific gravity, and1.1.4 Bulk density.1.2 These test methods are not applicable to refractorie
4、sattacked by water.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of thi
5、s standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements,and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and InsulatingFirebrickC830 Te
6、st Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorp-tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density ofRefractory Shapes by Vacuum PressureE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Significance and Use3.1 Apparent porosity, water absorption, appa
7、rent specificgravity, and bulk density are primary properties of burnedrefractory brick and shapes. These properties are widely usedin the evaluation and comparison of product quality and as partof the criteria for selection and use of refractory products in avariety of industrial applications. Thes
8、e test methods are usedfor determining any or all of these properties.3.2 These test methods are primary standard methods whichare suitable for use in quality control, research and develop-ment, establishing criteria for and evaluating compliance withspecifications, and providing data for design pur
9、poses.3.3 Fundamental assumptions inherent in these test methodsare that the test specimens are not attacked by water, the testspecimens conform to the requirements for size, configuration,and original faces, the open pores of the test specimens arefully impregnated with water during the boiling tre
10、atment, andthe blotting of the saturated test specimens is performed asspecified in a consistent and uniform manner to avoid with-drawing water from the pores. Deviation from any of theseassumptions adversely affects the test results.3.4 In laboratory studies involving castable specimen, a biaswas n
11、oted between formed 2 by 2 by 2in. (50 by 50 by50mm) and specimens that were quartered from larger 9 by4.5 by 2.5 (228 by 114 by 64 mm) cast specimens. Addition-ally, an error in the apparent porosity determination oncastables was found whenever the specimens were heated to1500F (816C) and then expo
12、sed to water as a saturationmedia (Test Method C830). The error was attributed toreactivity of cement with water and subsequent re-hydration ofcement phases. The higher the cement level of the castable, thegreater the error noted. It was concluded that an error inporosity values could occur for refr
13、actory materials having apotential to form hydrated species with water.31These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on PhysicalProperties.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Origi
14、nallyapproved in 1918. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C20 00 (2005). DOI:10.1520/C0020-00R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard
15、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C08-1014.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.5 Certain p
16、recautions must be exercised in interpretingand using results from these test methods. All four propertyvalues are interrelated by at least two of the three base datavalues generated during testing. Thus, an error in any base datavalue will cause an error in at least three of the property valuesfor
17、a given test specimen. Certain of the properties, that is,apparent specific gravity and bulk density, are functions ofother factors such as product composition, compositionalvariability within the same product, impervious porosity, andtotal porosity. Generalizations on or comparisons of propertyvalu
18、es should only be judiciously made between like productstested by these test methods or with full recognition ofpotentially inherent differences between the products beingcompared or the test method used.4. Test Specimens4.1 When testing 9-in. (228-mm) straight brick, use aquarter-brick specimen by
19、halving the brick along a planeparallel to the 9 by 2-12 or 3-in. (228 by 64 or 76-mm) face andalong a plane parallel to the 4-12 by 2-12 or 3-in. (114 by 64 or76-mm) face. Four of the surfaces of the resultant quarter-brickspecimen include part of the original molded faces.4.2 When testing other re
20、fractory shapes, cut, drill, or breakfrom each shape a specimen having volume of approximately25 to 30 in.3(410 to 490 cm3). The specimen shall includeinterior and exterior portions of the shape.4.3 Remove all loosely adhering particles from each speci-men.5. Procedure5.1 Dry Weight, D:5.1.1 Dry the
21、 test specimens to constant weight by heatingto 220 to 230F (105 to 110C) and determine the dry weight,D, in grams to the nearest 0.1 g.5.1.2 The drying procedure may be omitted only when thetest specimens are known to be dry, as may be the case withsamples taken directly from kilns.5.1.3 The drying
22、 of the specimens to constant weight andthe determination of their dry weight may be done either beforeor after the saturation operation (Section 6). Usually, the dryweight is determined before saturation. However, if the speci-mens are friable or evidence indicates that particles havebroken loose d
23、uring the saturating operation, dry and weigh thespecimens after the suspended weight, S, and the saturatedweight, W, have been determined, as described in Sections 5.3and 5.4. Use this second dry weight in all appropriate calcu-lations.5.2 Saturation:5.2.1 Place the test specimens in water and boil
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