1、Designation: C 219 07Standard Terminology Relating toHydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind
2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This terminology defines terms relating to hydrauliccements, their components, characteristics, properties, and thetesting thereof. Some terms may have wider
3、application thanjust to hydraulic cement.1.2 See individual standards for terms applicable primarilytherein, including meanings that may be more restrictive thanthose given here, and for explanations and descriptions ofterms as they apply to those standards.1.3 This standard does not purport to addr
4、ess all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C11 Terminolog
5、y Relating to Gypsum and Related Build-ing Materials and SystemsC51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as usedby the Industry)C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC 1328 Specification for Plastic
6、(Stucco) CementC 1329 Specification for Mortar Cement2.2 ACI Standard:ACI 116R Cement and Concrete Terminology33. Significance and Use3.1 In definitions of cements, ingredients are cited onlywhen they are inherent to the definition, for example portland-pozzolan cement. For ingredients and their qua
7、ntity limits, ifany, that are permitted or prohibited by a specification for aparticular cement, see the applicable specification for thatcement.3.2 In definitions of materials including cements, themethod of production is included only if it is inherent to thedefinition.3.3 Related terms may be fou
8、nd in other terminologydocuments such as Terminology C11, Terminology C51,Terminology C 125, and ACI 116R.4. Terminologyaddition, na material that is interground or blended inlimited amounts into a hydraulic cement during manufac-ture.DISCUSSIONTwo classes of additions are recognized as definedbelow
9、.functional addition,nan addition introduced tomodify one or more properties of a hydraulic cement.air-entraining addition,na functional addition thatwill entrain air in mortar or concrete.processing addition,nan addition introduced to aidin the manufacture or handling, or both, of a hydrauliccement
10、.air-entraining addition, nsee addition; functional addi-tion; air-entraining additionair content, nof freshly mixed mortar the volume of air (andother gases) in mortar, expressed as a percentage of totalvolume of mortar.air-entraining hydraulic cement, na hydraulic cementcontaining an air-entrainin
11、g addition in such amount as tocause air to be entrained in mortar within specified limitswhen measured by the prescribed method.alkali equivalent, ndeprecated term; see equivalent alkalies.aluminous cement, ndeprecated term.anhydrite, nsee calcium sulfate.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic produc
12、t, consistingessentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium andother bases, that is developed in a molten condition simul-taneously with iron in a blast furnace.blended hydraulic cement, na hydraulic cement consistingof two or more inorganic constituents (at least one of which1This termino
13、logy is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.91 on Terminology.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 219-03e1.2For referenced ASTM st
14、andards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, M
15、I 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.is not portland cement or portland cement clinker) whichseparately or in combinatio
16、n contribute to the strength-gaining properties of the cement, (made with or withoutother constituents, processing additions and functional addi-tions, by intergrinding or other blending).portland blast-furnace slag cement, na hydraulic cementconsisting of an intimately interground mixture of portla
17、ndcement clinker and granulated blast-furnace slag or anintimate and uniform blend of portland cement and finegranulated blast-furnace slag in which the amount of the slagconstituent is within specified limits.portland-pozzolan cement, na hydraulic cement consistingof an intimate and uniform blend o
18、f portland cement orportland blast-furnace slag cement and fine pozzolan pro-duced by intergrinding portland cement clinker and poz-zolan, by blending portland cement or portland blast-furnaceslag cement and finely divided pozzolan, or a combination ofintergrinding and blending, in which the amount
19、of thepozzolan constituent is within specified limits.blending, nin hydraulic cement manufacture, a process inwhich two or more ingredients are combined into an intimateand uniform product of finely divided dry material, as byintergrinding or mixing, or both.calcium sulfate, nin cement manufacture,
20、a material com-posed essentially of calcium sulfate in one or more of itshydration states: anhydrite (CaSO4), gypsum(CaSO42H2O), or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO412H2O).cementitious material, (hydraulic), nan inorganic materialor a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and developsstrength by
21、 chemical reaction with water by formation ofhydrates and that is capable of doing so underwater.cement paste, nan unhardened or hardened mixture of finelydivided hydraulic cementious material and water.early stiffening, nrapid loss of plasticity or rapid develop-ment of rigidity in freshly mixed hy
22、draulic cement paste,mortar, or concrete.false set, nwith little evolution of heat, which can bedispelled by further mixing without the addition of water.flash set, nwith evolution of considerable heat, whichcannot be dispelled by further mixing without the addition ofwater.equivalent alkalies, Na2O
23、eq, nin hydraulic cement, the totalof sodium and potassium oxides as calculated from thechemical analysis, and using the formula:Na2Oeq=%Na2O + 0.658 3 %K2O.DISCUSSIONUsed to indicate the levels of alkalies in a materialwhen only Na2O and K2O are considered. The value, 0.658, is themolecular ratio o
24、f Na2OtoK2O. Alkali equivalent, soda equivalent,and sodium equivalent are deprecated terms.expansive hydraulic cement, na hydraulic cement thatforms a paste when mixed with water, and increases involume a controlled amount during the early hardeningperiod occurring after setting.DISCUSSIONExpansive
25、hydraulic cements are used to compensatefor volume decrease due to shrinkage or to induce tensile stress inconcrete reinforcement.false setsee early stiffeningflash setsee early stiffeningfog room, na moist room in which the humidity is controlledby atomization of water.gage length, nin cement testi
26、ng, the nominal length betweenthe innermost ends of metal studs that are molded into a testspecimen with the axis of the stud in each end of the testspecimen coincident with the longitudinal axis of the testspecimen and with each other.granulated blast-furnace slag, nthe glassy, granular mate-rial f
27、ormed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled,as by immersion in water.gypsum, nsee calcium sulfate.hydration, nthe chemical reaction between hydraulic ce-ment and water forming new compounds most of which havestrength-producing properties.hydraulic cement, na cement that sets and hardens
28、bychemical reaction with water and is capable of doing sounder water.hydraulic mortar, ndeprecated term; see mortar.length change, nin cement testing, an increase or decrease inlinear dimension due to causes other than applied load,usually measured along the longitudinal axis of a testspecimen and e
29、xpressed as a percentage of a gage length.lime-saturated water, nin cement testing, water containingcalcium hydroxide at a saturated level and in contact withsolid calcium hydroxide so that saturation is maintained.lot, na quantity of a single material that is considered as aunit, such as that manuf
30、actured during a single productionrun, offered at one time for sale, or offered at one time forinspection, or the contents of one or more transport contain-ers drawn from one or more bins of material from a singleproduction run, sequentially packaged from one or morebins, or a group of samples secur
31、ed from one of the above.masonry cement, na hydraulic cement manufactured for usein mortars for masonry construction or in plasters, or both,which contains a plasticizing material and, possibly, otherperformance-enhancing addition(s).moist room, nan enclosed room for storage and curing ofpaste, mort
32、ar, and concrete specimens in which temperatureand high relative humidity can be controlled within specifiedlimits.mortar, na mixture of finely divided hydraulic cementitiousmaterial, fine aggregate, and water in either the unhardenedor hardened state; hydraulic mortar.mortar cement, na hydraulic ce
33、ment manufactured for usein masonry mortar designed for specific bond and air contentcriteria.DISCUSSIONMortar cement is similar to masonry cement but mustmeet bond strength and air content criteria. See Specification C 1329for limitations.C219072natural cement, na hydraulic cement produced by calci
34、ninga naturally occurring argillaceous limestone at a temperaturebelow the sintering point and then grinding to a fine powder.DISCUSSIONArgillaceous limestone is described in Standard C 294.normal consistency, na degree of plasticity of a hydraulic-cement paste that is appropriate for testing as mea
35、sured by astipulated method.DISCUSSIONThe result of tests for normal consistency is reported asthe mass of water required to achieve this plasticity divided by the massof hydraulic cement, expressed as a percentage.plaster, nhydraulic cement, a mixture of hydraulic cement,fine aggregate and water th
36、at hardens; used for coatingsurfaces, such as ceilings, walls and partitions.plastic cement, na hydraulic cement used in plaster orstucco.DISCUSSIONSee Specification C 1328 for limitations on materials orproperties pertaining to cement under that specification.portland cement, na hydraulic cement pr
37、oduced by pulver-izing clinker, consisting essentially of crystalline hydrauliccalcium silicates, and usually containing one or more of thefollowing: water, calcium sulfate, up to 5 % limestone, andprocessing additions.portland-cement clinker, na clinker, partially fused bypyroprocessing, consisting
38、 predominantly of crystalline hy-draulic calcium silicates.pozzolan, na siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material,which in itself possesses little or no cementitious value butwill, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture,chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary tem-pera
39、tures to form cementitious hydrates.saturated-lime water, nsee lime-saturated water.slag cement, na hydraulic cement consisting predominantlyof ground, granulated blast-furnace slag.stucco, na hydraulic cement plaster containing fine aggre-gate, used for coating exterior surfaces.5. Keywords5.1 ceme
40、nt terminology; definitions; hydraulic cement ter-minology; terminology; termsSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this terminology since the last issue,C21903e1, that may impact the use of this terminology. (Approved February 1, 2007)(1) Revised the ter
41、m equivalent alkalies.(2) Revised the term portland cement.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard o
42、r for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views k
43、nown to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C219073
