1、Designation: C219 14Standard Terminology Relating toHydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indic
2、ates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This terminology defines terms relating to hydrauliccements, their components, characteristics, properties, and thetesting thereof. Some terms may have wider app
3、lication thanjust to hydraulic cement.1.2 See individual standards for terms applicable primarilytherein, including meanings that may be more restrictive thanthose given here, and for explanations and descriptions ofterms as they apply to those standards.1.3 This standard does not purport to address
4、 all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C11 Terminology R
5、elating to Gypsum and Related BuildingMaterials and SystemsC51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as usedby the Industry)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC595/C595M Specification for Blended H
6、ydraulic CementsC1328 Specification for Plastic (Stucco) CementC1329 Specification for Mortar Cement2.2 ACI Standard:ACI 116R Cement and Concrete Terminology33. Significance and Use3.1 In definitions of cements, ingredients are cited onlywhen they are inherent to the definition, for example portland
7、-pozzolan cement. For ingredients and their quantity limits, ifany, that are permitted or prohibited by a specification for aparticular cement, see the applicable specification for thatcement.3.2 In definitions of materials including cements, themethod of production is included only if it is inheren
8、t to thedefinition.3.3 Related terms may be found in other terminologydocuments such as Terminology C11, Terminology C51, Ter-minology C125, and ACI 116R.4. Terminologyaddition, na material that is interground or blended inlimited amounts into a hydraulic cement during manufac-ture.DISCUSSIONTwo cla
9、sses of additions are recognized as definedbelow.functional addition,nan addition introduced tomodify one or more properties of a hydraulic cement.air-entraining addition,na functional addition thatwill entrain air in mortar or concrete.processing addition,nan addition introduced to aidin the manufa
10、cture or handling, or both, of a hydrauliccement.air-entraining addition, nsee addition; functional addi-tion; air-entraining addition.air content, nof freshly mixed mortar the volume of air (andother gases) in mortar, expressed as a percentage of totalvolume of mortar.air-entraining hydraulic cemen
11、t, na hydraulic cementcontaining an air-entraining addition in such amount as tocause air to be entrained in mortar within specified limitswhen measured by the prescribed method.alkali equivalent, ndeprecated term; see equivalent alkalies.aluminous cement, ndeprecated term.anhydrite, nsee calcium su
12、lfate.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic product, consistingessentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.91 on Terminology.Current edition approved July 1,
13、2014. Published July 2014. Originally approvedin 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C219 13a. DOI: 10.1520/C0219-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informati
14、on, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
15、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1other bases, that is developed in a molten condition simul-taneously with iron in a blast furnace.blended hydraulic cement, na hydraulic cement consistingof two or more inorganic constituents (at least one of whichis not portland ceme
16、nt or portland cement clinker) whichseparately or in combination contribute to the strength-gaining properties of the cement, (made with or withoutother constituents, processing additions and functionaladditions, by intergrinding or other blending).portland blast-furnace slag cement, na hydraulic ce
17、mentconsisting of an intimate and uniform blend of portland cementand granulated blast-furnace slag or slag cement produced byintergrinding portland cement clinker and granulated blast-furnace slag or slag cement; by blending portland cement andslag cement; or by a combination of intergrinding andbl
18、ending, in which the amount of the granulated blast-furnaceslag or slag cement constituent is within specified limits.portland-limestone cement, na hydraulic cement consist-ing of an intimate and uniform blend of portland cement andlimestone produced by intergrinding portland cement clinkerand limes
19、tone; by blending portland cement and finely dividedlimestone; or by a combination of intergrinding and blending,in which the amount of the limestone constituent is withinspecified limits.portland-pozzolan cement, na hydraulic cement consistingof an intimate and uniform blend of portland cement orpo
20、rtland blast-furnace slag cement and fine pozzolan producedby intergrinding portland cement clinker and pozzolan; byblending portland cement or portland blast-furnace slag cementand finely divided pozzolan; or by a combination of intergrind-ing and blending, in which the amount of the pozzolanconsti
21、tuent is within specified limits.DISCUSSIONPortland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestonecement, and portland-pozzolan cement are all blended hydrauliccements. See Specification C595/C595M for constituent limits.blending, nin hydraulic cement manufacture, a process inwhich two or more ingred
22、ients are combined into an intimateand uniform product of finely divided dry material, as byintergrinding or mixing, or both.calcium sulfate, nin cement manufacture, a material com-posed essentially of calcium sulfate in one or more of itshydration states: anhydrite (CaSO4), gypsum(CaSO42H2O), or ca
23、lcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO412H2O).cementitious material, (hydraulic), nan inorganic materialor a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and developsstrength by chemical reaction with water by formation ofhydrates and that is capable of doing so underwater.cement paste, nan unhardened or harde
24、ned mixture of finelydivided hydraulic cementious material and water.early stiffening, nrapid loss of plasticity or rapid develop-ment of rigidity in freshly mixed hydraulic cement paste,mortar, or concrete.false set, nwith little evolution of heat, which can bedispelled by further mixing without th
25、e addition of water.flash set, nwith evolution of considerable heat, whichcannot be dispelled by further mixing without the addition ofwater.equivalent alkalies, Na2Oeq, nin hydraulic cement, the totalof sodium and potassium oxides as calculated from thechemical analysis, and using the formula:Na2Oe
26、q=%Na2O + 0.658%K2O.DISCUSSIONUsed to indicate the levels of alkalies in a materialwhen only Na2O and K2O are considered. The value, 0.658, is themolecular ratio of Na2OtoK2O. Alkali equivalent, soda equivalent,and sodium equivalent are deprecated terms.expansive hydraulic cement, na hydraulic cemen
27、t thatforms a paste when mixed with water, and increases involume a controlled amount during the early hardeningperiod occurring after setting.DISCUSSIONExpansive hydraulic cements are used to compensatefor volume decrease due to shrinkage or to induce tensile stress inconcrete reinforcement.false s
28、etsee early stiffeningflash setsee early stiffeningfog room, na moist room in which the humidity is controlledby atomization of water.gage length, nin cement testing, the nominal length betweenthe innermost ends of metal studs that are molded into a testspecimen with the axis of the stud in each end
29、 of the testspecimen coincident with the longitudinal axis of the testspecimen and with each other.granulated blast-furnace slag, nthe glassy, granular mate-rial formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled,as by immersion in water.gypsum, nsee calcium sulfate.hydration, nthe chemical re
30、action between hydraulic ce-ment and water forming new compounds most of which havestrength-producing properties.hydraulic cement, na cement that sets and hardens bychemical reaction with water and is capable of doing sounder water.hydraulic mortar, ndeprecated term; see mortar.length change, nin ce
31、ment testing, an increase or decrease inlinear dimension due to causes other than applied load,usually measured along the longitudinal axis of a testspecimen and expressed as a percentage of a gage length.lime-saturated water, nfor curing test specimens, watercontaining calcium hydroxide at saturati
32、on and in contactwith solid calcium hydroxide so that saturation is main-tained.lot, na quantity of a single material that is considered as aunit, such as that manufactured during a single productionrun, offered at one time for sale, or offered at one time forinspection, or the contents of one or mo
33、re transport contain-ers drawn from one or more bins of material from a singleC219 142production run, sequentially packaged from one or morebins, or a group of samples secured from one of the above.masonry cement, na hydraulic cement manufactured for usein mortars for masonry construction or in plas
34、ters, or both,which contains a plasticizing material and, possibly, otherperformance-enhancing addition(s).moist room, nan enclosed room for storage and curing ofpaste, mortar, and concrete specimens in which temperatureand high relative humidity can be controlled within specifiedlimits.mortar, na m
35、ixture of finely divided hydraulic cementitiousmaterial, fine aggregate, and water in either the unhardenedor hardened state; hydraulic mortar.mortar cement, na hydraulic cement manufactured for usein masonry mortar designed for specific bond and air contentcriteria.DISCUSSIONMortar cement is simila
36、r to masonry cement but mustmeet bond strength and air content criteria. See Specification C1329 forlimitations.natural cement, na hydraulic cement produced by calcininga naturally occurring argillaceous limestone at a temperaturebelow the sintering point and then grinding to a fine powder.DISCUSSIO
37、NArgillaceous limestone is described in Standard C294.normal consistency, na degree of plasticity of a hydraulic-cement paste that is appropriate for testing as measured by astipulated method.DISCUSSIONThe result of tests for normal consistency is reported asthe mass of water required to achieve thi
38、s plasticity divided by the massof hydraulic cement, expressed as a percentage.plaster, nhydraulic cement, a mixture of hydraulic cement,fine aggregate and water that hardens; used for coatingsurfaces, such as ceilings, walls and partitions.plastic cement, na hydraulic cement used in plaster orstucc
39、o.DISCUSSIONSee Specification C1328 for limitations on materials orproperties pertaining to cement under that specification.portland cement, na hydraulic cement produced by pulver-izing clinker, consisting essentially of crystalline hydrauliccalcium silicates, and usually containing one or more of t
40、hefollowing: water, calcium sulfate, up to 5 % limestone, andprocessing additions.portland-cement clinker, na clinker, partially fused bypyroprocessing, consisting predominantly of crystalline hy-draulic calcium silicates.pozzolan, na siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material,which in itself pos
41、sesses little or no cementitious value butwill, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture,chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary tem-peratures to form cementitious hydrates.saturated-lime water, nsee lime-saturated water.slag cement, ngranulated blast-furnace slag that has
42、beenground to cement fineness, with or without additions, andthat is a hydraulic cement.stucco, na hydraulic cement plaster containing fineaggregate, used for coating exterior surfaces.5. Keywords5.1 cement terminology; definitions; hydraulic cement ter-minology; terminology; termsSUMMARY OF CHANGES
43、Committee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C219 13a)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2014.)(1) Added subterm definition for portland-limestone cementunder blended hydraulic cement.(2) Added discussion to subterm def
44、intion of portland-pozzolan cement.C219 143This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional
45、 standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM
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