1、Designation: C220 91 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forFlat Asbestos-Cement Sheets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C220; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers asbestos-cement sheets in flatform designed for industrial, commercial, and general buildingpurposes, of the foll
3、owing types:1.1.1 Flat Sheets, Type F (Flexible)An asbestos-cementflat sheet suitable for exterior and interior use, where a boardhaving higher strength and density, smoother surface, greaterflexibility, and lower moisture absorption is desired.1.1.2 Flat Sheets, Type U (Utility)An asbestos-cement f
4、latsheet suitable for exterior and interior use, having sufficientstrength for general utility and construction purposes, andwhere a board having maximum flexibility, highest density,smoother surface, and lower moisture absorption is not essen-tial.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
5、 regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for tho
6、se with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use ofChrysotile: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”21.4 This standard
7、does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM S
8、tandards:3C458 Test Method for Organic Fiber Content of Asbestos-Cement ProductsC459 Test Methods for Asbestos-Cement Flat Products2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)42.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage43. Materials and Manufact
9、ure3.1 Flat asbestos-cement sheets shall be composed of acombination of asbestos fiber and portland cement or portlandblast-furnace slag cement, with or without the addition ofcuring agents, water-repellent substances, mineral fillers,coatings, pigments, or mineral granules, formed under pressureand
10、 cured to meet the physical requirements of this specifica-tion. Sheets shall not contain more than 1 mass % organic fiber,as determined in accordance with Test Method C458. Table 1and Table 2.4. Dimensions4.1 Flat asbestos-cement sheets are normally supplied in thecommercial dimensions given in Tab
11、le 3.5. Permissible Variations in Dimensions5.1 ThicknessThe average thickness of all flat sheetssupplied under this specification shall be as prescribed in Table4. The average thickness of any one sheet shall not differ fromthe average of all sheets by more than 10 %.5.2 Width and LengthThe permiss
12、ible variation from thenominal width shall be 6116 in. (61.6 mm), and, from the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edi
13、tion approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C220 91(2009). DOI:10.1520/C0220-91R15.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servic
14、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.Copyright ASTM International,
15、100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1nominal length, 618 in. (63.2 mm), as measured after 48 h at73F (25C) and 50 % relative humidity.5.3 SquarenessThe length of the diagonals shall not varyby more than164 in./ft (1.3 mm/m) of length of the sheet.Opposi
16、te sides of the sheet shall not vary in length by morethan164 in./ft.5.4 Edge StraightnessThe sheet edges shall be straightwithin164 in./ft (1.3 mm/m) of length or width. Straightnessshall be determined by stretching a string or wire along theedge to be measured from one corner to the adjacent corne
17、r andmeasuring the greatest distance between the string or wire andthe sheet edge.6. Physical Requirements6.1 Flexural StrengthThe average breaking load in new-tons (or pounds-force) of dried specimens loaded as simplebeams on a span of 10 in. (254 mm) with the load appliedequally and simultaneously
18、 at both one-third points of the span.6.1.1 Flexural strength shall not be less than that shown inTable 1.6.2 Water AbsorptionThe average water absorption shallnot exceed the following mass percentages:Type Water Absorption,max, %FU25306.3 All measurements and tests necessary for determiningthe conf
19、ormity of the asbestos-cement sheets with this speci-fication shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C459.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 WorkmanshipSheets shall have a commerciallysmooth surface on one side and be free of major defects thatwill impair appearance, erection, use, or
20、serviceability.7.2 FinishThe surface of the sheet to be exposed shall besmooth, granular, or otherwise textured.7.3 ColorThe surface of the sheet shall be the naturalcolor of the asbestos-cement product or may be colored by theaddition of mineral pigments, chemical impregnation, pig-mented coatings,
21、 veneers, or embedded mineral granules.7.4 EfflorescenceEfflorescence that sometimes may ap-pear on flat asbestos-cement sheets is not a defect and shouldnot result in a permanent change in color.8. Rejection and Retesting8.1 If the sample fails to conform to any one of therequirements of this speci
22、fication, a second sample from thesame lot shall be prepared and tested. The results of the retestshall be averaged with the results of the original test todetermine compliance with this specification.8.2 Failure to conform to any one of the requirements of thisspecification, upon retest as prescrib
23、ed above, shall constitutegrounds for rejection. In case of rejection, the seller shall havethe right to reinspect the rejected shipment and resubmit the lotafter removal of the portion of the shipment not conforming tothe specified requirements, provided this is done within 20days after receipt of
24、notice of the specific cause for rejection.9. Inspection9.1 Inspection of material shall be made at the point ofshipment. The inspector representing the purchaser shall havefree access to the carriers being loaded for shipment to thepurchaser. He shall be afforded all reasonable and availablefacilit
25、ies at the point of shipment for sampling and inspectionof the material, which shall be so conducted as not to interfereunnecessarily with the loading of the carriers.TABLE 1 Flexural Strength Requirements for Dried Specimens Loaded Simultaneously at Both One-Third Points of the SpanType Average Fle
26、xural Strength, nominal thickness, mm, (in.)3(18 ) 4.5 (316 )6(14 )10(38 )12(12 )16(58 )FUN (lbf)N (lbf)140 (30). (.)330 (75)210 (50)589 (130)370 (80)1310 (300)820 (180)2330 (520)1470 (330)3620 (810)2590 (580)TABLE 2 Deflection Requirements for Dried Specimens Loaded Simultaneously at Both One-Third
27、 Points of the SpanNominalThicknessAverage Deflection Under Maximum LoadType F Type UParallel to length Parallel to width Parallel to length Parallel to widthmm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.)3(18 ) 15.5 (0.06) 13 (0.5) . . . .4.5 (316 ) 10 (0.4) 7 (0.25) 7 (0.25) 6 (0.24)6(14 ) 7 (0.3) 5
28、(0.2) 5 (0.2) 3 (0.12)9(38 ) 4.5 (0.18) 2.5 (0.1) 2.5 (0.1) 2.5 (0.1)12 (12 ) 0.1 (0.004) . . 0.1 (0.004) 0.1 (0.004)16 (58 ) . . . . . . . .TABLE 3 Nominal DimensionsTypeNominal Thickness, in.(mm)Nominal Width,in.(mm)Nominal Length, in.(mm)F18 ,316,14,38 ,12,58,(3.2, 4.8, 6.4, 9.5, 12.7,15.9)48 (12
29、19) 48, 96, 120, 144 (1219,2438, 3048, 3658)U316 ,14,38,12 ,58 (4.8,6.4, 9.5, 12.7, 15.9)48 (1219) 48, 96, 120, 144 (1219,2438, 3048, 3658)C220 91 (2015)210. Packaging and Shipping10.1 Commercial QuantitiesThe commercial unit for mar-keting flat sheets is the square foot. Table 3 lists sizes general
30、lyavailable commercially.10.2 Commercial PackagingFlat sheets shall be soshipped as to ensure acceptance by common carrier. There is nostandard package. The material is usually shipped in bulk, butmay be crated when so specified by the purchaser.10.3 StorageFlat sheets should be piled on sufficient
31、firmsupports that will keep the sheets level and flat. The sheets shallbe piled with the edges square and flush, and covered toprovide protection from the weather until used.11. Keywords11.1 asbestos; abestos-cement flat sheet; sheetingSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requiremen
32、ts shall apply when material is supplied under thisspecification for U. S. Government Procurement.S1. PackagingS1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract, the materialshall be packaged in accordance with the suppliers standardpractice which will be acceptable to the carrier at lowest rates.Cont
33、ainers and packing shall comply with Uniform FreightClassification Rules5or National Motor Freight ClassificationRules.6Marking for shipment of such material shall be inaccordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies andMIL-STD-129 for military agencies.S2. Responsibility for InspectionS2.1 Unl
34、ess otherwise specified in the contract or pur-chaseorder, the manufacturer is responsible for the performance ofall inspection and test requirements specified herein. Except asotherwise specified in the contract or order, the manufacturermay use his own or any other suitable facilities for theperfo
35、rmance of the inspection and test requirements specifiedherein, unless disapproved by the purchaser. The purchasershall have the right to perform any of the inspections and testsset forth in this specification where such inspections aredeemed necessary to assure that material conforms to pre-scribed
36、 requirements.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of su
37、ch rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for addi
38、tional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to th
39、e ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the
40、 aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/
41、 from The Uniform Classification Commission, Room 1106, 222 S.Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606.6Available from National Motor Freight Inc., 1616 P. St., N. W., Washington, DC20036.TABLE 4 Thickness RequirementsNominal Thickness, in. (mm)18 (3.2)316 (4.8)14 (6.4)38 (9.5)12 (12.7)58 (15.9)Average Thickness:min, in. (mm) 0.100 (2.54) 0.162 (4.11) 0.225 (5.72) 0.345 (8.76) 0.470 (11.94) 0.595 (15.11)max, in. (mm) 0.150 (3.81) 0.212 (5.38) 0.275 (6.99) 0.405 (10.29) 0.530 (13.46) 0.655 (16.64)C220 91 (2015)3
