1、Designation: C233/C233M 14Standard Test Method forAir-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C233/C233M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the testing of materials pro-posed for use as air-entraining admixtures in the field.1.2 The text of this test
3、method references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the standard.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The
4、values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard. Some values have only SI units because theinch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.NOT
5、E 1Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is forinformation only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wi
6、th its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for
7、Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150 Specification for Portl
8、and CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetric MethodC185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC192/C19
9、2M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the LaboratoryC231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC232 Test Methods for Bleeding of ConcreteC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setti
10、ng of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE
11、11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass Electrode2.2 ACI Standards:ACI 211.1 Recommended Practice for Selecting Proportionsfor Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete33. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is used t
12、o develop data for comparisonwith the requirements of Specification C260. These tests arebased on arbitrary stipulations permitting highly standardizedtesting in the laboratory, and are not intended to simulate actualjob conditions.4. Materials4.1 CementThe cement used in any series of tests shall b
13、eeither the cement proposed for specific work in accordance1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014.
14、 Originallyapproved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C233/C233M11.DOI: 10.1520/C0233_C0233M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
15、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3American Concrete Institute Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 1, pp. 211-1 to211-38 (1993).*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
16、28-2959. United States1with 4.4, a Type I or Type II cement conforming to Specifica-tion C150, or a blend of two or more cements, in equal parts.Each cement of the blend shall conform to the requirements ofeither Type I or Type II, Specification C150. If a blend ofcements is used, it shall be a comb
17、ination which produces anair content of less than 10 % when tested in accordance withTest Method C185 (Note 5).4.2 AggregatesExcept when tests are made in accordancewith 4.4, using the aggregates proposed for specific work, thefine and coarse aggregates used in any series of tests shall comefrom sin
18、gle lots of well-graded, sound materials that conformto the requirements of Specification C33, except that thegrading of the aggregates shall conform to the followingrequirements:4.2.1 Fine Aggregate GradingThe fine aggregate shallmeet the requirements for the fine aggregate in SpecificationC33.4.2.
19、2 Coarse Aggregate GradingThe coarse aggregategrading shall meet the Size 57 grading requirements ofSpecification C33.NOTE 2Take care in loading and delivery to avoid segregation.4.2.3 The coarse aggregate used for the reference concreteand test concretes shall be essentially the same. Providesuffic
20、ient coarse aggregate for the reference concrete, the testconcrete, and for the grading analysis. Concrete consists of onereference concrete and as many test admixture-containingconcretes as are intended to be compared.4.2.3.1 Prepare required quantities of coarse aggregate asfollows: Fill tared con
21、tainers, one for sieve analysis, one for abatch of reference concrete, and one for a batch of testconcrete, to the required mass from the aggregate stockpile(See Note 3). Accomplish this by placing equal quantities intoeach container, successively, and repeat the procedure until allthe containers ha
22、ve their required mass (See Note 3).NOTE 3See theAppendix of Practice D75, Sampling from Stockpiles,and the section on Sampling Aggregates in the Manual of Aggregate andConcrete Testing4for guidance on procedures for sampling from stock-piles.4.2.4 Perform sieve analysis on the coarse aggregate samp
23、leprepared in 4.2.3.1 by Test Method C136. Discard any set forwhich the sample does not comply with Size 57. Average testresults for samples that comply with Size 57 for each sievesize. Discard any set for which the sample deviates from thisaverage by more than the amount shown in column 3. Continue
24、the process of preparation, testing and averaging until sufficientsets of aggregate within tolerance are obtained.SieveSpecification C33,No. 57PercentPassingMaximumvariationfromaverage/passing37.5mm(112 in.) 100 0025.0 mm (1.00 in.) 95 to 100 1.012.5mm(12 in.) 25 to 60 4.04.75 mm (No. 4) 0 to 10 4.0
25、2.36 mm (No. 8) 0 to 5 1.0NOTE 4All of the results required for demonstrating complianceunder this specification are dependent on the uniformity of the aggregatesamples prepared and used. Careful, skilled and well-supervised work isessential.4.3 Reference AdmixtureFor this test method, unless oth-er
26、wise requested by the purchaser, the reference admixtureused in the concrete mixture specified in Section 4 shall be“neutralized Vinsol resin.”54.4 Materials for Tests for Specific UsesWhen it is desiredto test an air-entraining admixture for use in specific work, thecement and aggregates used shall
27、 be representative of thoseproposed for use in the work, and the concrete mixtures shallbe designed to have the cement content specified for use in thework (Note 5). If the maximum size of coarse aggregate isgreater than 25.0 mm 1 in., the freshly mixed concrete shallbe screened over a 25.0-mm (1-in
28、.) sieve prior to fabricatingthe test specimens in accordance with the wet sieving proce-dure described in Practice C172.4.5 Preparation and WeighingAll materials shall be pre-pared and all weighings shall be made as prescribed in PracticeC192/C192M.NOTE 5It is recommended that whenever practicable,
29、 tests be made inaccordance with 4.4 using the cement and pozzolanic or chemicaladmixtures, if any, proposed for specific work.5. Concrete Mixtures5.1 ProportionsUsing ACI 211.1, all concrete shall beproportioned to conform to the following requirements:5.1.1 The cement content shall be 307 6 3 kg/m
30、3517 6 5lb/yd3 except when tests are being made for specific uses (see4.4).5.1.2 The first trial mixture shall contain the amount ofcoarse aggregate shown in Table 6.3.6 of ACI 211.1 for themaximum size of aggregate and for the fineness modulus of thesand being used.NOTE 6The volumes of coarse aggre
31、gate recommended in ACI 211.1are intended to ensure workable mixtures with the least favorablecombinations of aggregate likely to be used. It is suggested, therefore, thatfor a closer approximation of the proportions required for this test, therecommended values in ACI 211.1 be multiplied by 1.07 fo
32、r the first trialmixture.5.1.3 The air content used in the computation of proportionsfor all concrete shall be 5.5 % except where the admixtureunder test is for use in specific work (see 4.4). In this case theair content used in selecting proportions shall be the median ofthe range to be permitted i
33、n the work. If lightweight aggregatesare to be used in specific work, the unit weight of concrete usedin selecting proportions shall be the median of the rangepermitted in the work.5.1.4 The water content and sand content shall be adjustedto obtain a slump of 90 6 15 mm 312 612 in. The4Manual of Agg
34、regate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTMStandards , Vol 04.02.5The sole source of supply of Vinsol resin known to the committee at this timeis Hercules Inc., Wilmington, DE. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com
35、ments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend. Neutralization may be accomplished by treating 100 parts ofthe Vinsol resin with 9 to 15 parts of NaOH by weight. In an aqueous solution, theratio of reagent water (See Specification D1
36、193) to the resinate shall not exceed 12:1by weight.C233/C233M 142workability of the concrete mixture shall be suitable forconsolidation by hand rodding and the concrete mixture shallhave the minimum water content possible. These conditionsshall be achieved by final adjustments in the proportion of
37、fineaggregate to total aggregate, in the amount of total aggregate,or both, while maintaining the yield and slump in the requiredranges.5.2 ConditionsConcrete mixtures shall be prepared bothwith the air-entraining admixture under test and with thereference admixture. For the reference mixture, the r
38、eferenceadmixture shall be added in amounts necessary to produce anaverage air content of 5.5 6 0.5 %, or within the rangepermitted for the specific work in accordance with 5.1.3. Forthe test mixture, the test admixture shall be added in amountsnecessary to produce an average air content within 0.5
39、% of theaverage air content of the reference mixture.NOTE 7As an example, if three batches of the reference mixture haveair contents of 5.2, 5.3, and 5.2 %, and three batches of the test mixturehave air contents of 5.6, 5.9, and 5.7 %, the reference and test mixtureswould be in compliance with Secti
40、on 5.2 because the average air contentof the reference mixture, 5.2 %, falls between 5.5 6 0.5 %, and theaverage air content of the test mixture, 5.7 %, is within 0.5 % of theaverage air content of the reference mixture.6. Mixing6.1 Machine mix the concrete as prescribed in PracticeC192/C192M.7. Tes
41、ts and Properties of Freshly Mixed Concrete7.1 Test samples of freshly mixed concrete from at leastthree separate batches for each condition of concrete inaccordance with the following methods and the minimumnumber of tests shall be as prescribed in Table 1.7.1.1 SlumpTest Method C143/C143M.7.1.2 Ai
42、r ContentTest Method C231. When lightweightaggregates, air-cooled blast furnace slag, or aggregates of highporosity, for which the aggregate correction factor defined inTest Method C231 exceeds 0.5 %, are used under the provi-sions of 4.4, use Test Method C173/C173M.7.1.3 BleedingTest Methods C232.7
43、.1.4 Time of SettingTest Method C403/C403M, exceptthat the temperature of each of the ingredients of the concretemixtures, just prior to mixing, and the temperature at which thetime of setting specimens are stored during the test period shallbe 23.06 2 C 73.5 6 3.5 F.8. Preparation of Test Specimens
44、8.1 Specimens for test of hardened concrete, representingeach test and age of test and each condition of concrete beingcompared, shall be made from at least three separate batches,and the minimum number of specimens shall be as prescribedin Table 1. On a given day at least one specimen shall be made
45、for each test and age of test from each condition of concreteexcept that at least two specimens for the freezing and thawingtest shall be made from each condition of concrete. Thepreparation of all specimens shall be completed in three days ofmixing.8.2 Manifestly Faulty SpecimensEach group of speci
46、mensrepresenting a given test or a given age of test, including testsof freshly mixed concrete, shall be examined visually before orduring the test, or both, whichever is appropriate. Discard anyspecimen found to be manifestly faulty by such examinationwithout testing. Visually examine all specimens
47、 representing agiven test at a given age after testing, and should any specimenbe found to be manifestly faulty, the test results thereof shall bedisregarded. Should more than one specimen representing agiven test at a given age be found manifestly faulty, eitherbefore or after testing, the entire t
48、est shall be disregarded andrepeated. The test result reported shall be the average of theindividual test results of the specimens tested or, in the eventthat one specimen or one result has been discarded, it shall bethe average of the test results of the remaining specimens.9. Test Specimens of Har
49、dened Concrete9.1 Number of SpecimensMake six or more test speci-mens for the freezing and thawing test and three or more testspecimens for each other type of test and age of test specifiedin Table 1 for each condition of concrete to be compared.TABLE 1 Types and Minimum Number of Specimens and TestsTestNumber ofTypes ofSpecimensANumber ofTest AgesNumber ofConditions ofConcreteBMinimumNumber ofSpecimensSlump 1 1 2CAir content 1 1 2CBleeding 1 1 2 6Time of setting 1D26Compressive strength 1 3 2 18Flexural strengthE13218Freezing and thawing 1 1 2 12
