1、Designation: C 240 081Standard Test Methods ofTesting Cellular Glass Insulation Block1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 240; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits of measure were updated in March 2009.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cellular glassinsulation block for density, water absor
3、ption, compressivestrength, flexural strength at ambient temperature; preparationfor chemical analysis; and thermal conductivity measurements.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are prov
4、ided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili
5、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Propertiesof Thermal InsulationsC 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Propert
6、ies by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC 203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Prop-erties of Block-Type Thermal InsulationC 303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC 390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation
7、 LotsC 518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC 871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of ThermalInsulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride,Silicate, and Sodium IonsC 226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use i
8、nthe Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 3951 Sampling Procedure and Charts for Inspection byVariables for Percent Nonconforming32.3 Military Standard:MIL-I-24244 Specification Insulation Materials with Spe-cial Corrosion, Chloride, and Fluoride Requirements42.4 Other
9、Standard:NRC 1.36 Nonmetallic Thermal Insulation for AusteniticStainless Steel53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C 168 shall be considered asapplying to the terms considered in these test methods.4. Significance and Use4.1 From a general standpoint, these test methods outlinethe particular po
10、ints which have to be taken into account whenapplying ASTM standard test methods to the case of cellularglass insulating block.5. Test Methods5.1 General Sample PreparationAll tests have to be runon dry specimens. In case of need, the sample must beunpacked and stored in a dry place in such a way th
11、at allsurfaces are exposed to the ambient air for a minimum of 24hours before testing.5.2 DensityDetermine the density in accordance with TestMethod C 303. Preferably, the density shall be measured on afull block, 18 by 24 in. (450 by 600 mm) by full thickness.5.2.1 It shall be noted that density is
12、 interesting as such forcalculation of insulated equipment load and because it hasinfluence on the other important properties of cellular glass.But it shall not be considered in itself as a criterion foracceptance in the case of cellular glass.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
13、ommittee C16 onThermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.32 onMechanical Properties.Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 240 97(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit
14、the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, N
15、Y 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.5Available from Director of Regulatory Standards, USAtomic Energy Commis-sion, Washington, DC 20545.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
16、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 Water Absorption:5.3.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofwater absorption of cellular glass insulating blocks by measur-ing the amount of water retained as a result of completeimmersion for a prescribed time interval. S
17、urface blotting isused to correct for the water absorbed on the cut surface cells.5.3.2 Significance and UseThis test method provides ameans of measuring the water absorption of cellular glassinsulating blocks under isothermal conditions as a result ofdirect immersion in liquid water. It is intended
18、 for use inproduct evaluation and quality control.5.3.3 Equipment and Materials:5.3.3.1 Balance, minimum 1500 g capacity and 0.1 g orgreater sensitivity.5.3.3.2 Immersion Tank, equipped with inert specimen sup-ports and top surface weights such as stainless steel.5.3.3.3 Synthetic Sponge, 4 by 7 by
19、1.5 in. (100 by 180 by40 mm) or larger. Sponges found acceptable to use includecellulosic sponges and fine-pored absorbent synthetic plasticsponges.5.3.3.4 Test Room, with temperature of 70 6 5F (21 63C) and relative humidity of 50 6 10 %.5.3.3.5 Distilled Water.5.3.4 Procedure:5.3.4.1 Carefully mea
20、sure the thickness, width, and lengthto the nearest 1 mm of a cellular glass block, preferably 2 by12 by 18 in. (50 by 300 by 450 mm) and calculate the volumeand exposed surface area.5.3.4.2 Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.1 g (W1), thensubmerge it horizontally under 25 mm (1 in.) of watermainta
21、ined at 70 6 5F (21 6 3C). Inert top surface weightsare required to keep it submerged. After submerging it for 2 h,set the specimen on end on a damp cotton bath towel to drainfor 10 min. After the 10 min, remove the excess surface waterby hand with a damp sponge for 1 min per large face and 1 minfor
22、 the four sides. Wring out the sponge before and once inbetween for each face and pass a minimum of two times oneach surface. Blot each face of the specimen equally bycompressing the sponge by a minimum of 10 % of its thick-ness. Weigh the specimen immediately (W2) to the nearest 0.1g.5.3.5 Calculat
23、ion of ResultsCalculate the weight of waterabsorbed (W2 W1) and express it as a function of the exteriorsurface of the sample (g/cm2). Water absorption is also beexpressed as a function of volume percent, absorbed watervolume divided by specimen volume; or as a function ofweight percent, weight of w
24、ater absorbed (W2 W1) dividedby the dry specimen weight (W1). Such ways of expressing theresults shall be strictly limited to direct comparison of resultson specimens of identical sizes.5.3.6 Precision and BiasThe precision as determined ininter-laboratory tests is given in Research Report RR C16-10
25、07.6The repeatability or single-laboratory operator precisionis 60.00060 g/cm2or 60.030 volume % (61S). The repro-ducibility or multilaboratory operator precision is 60.00071g/cm2or 60.035 volume %. Due to a lack of a standard, nostatement is made regarding bias.5.4 Compressive StrengthDetermine the
26、 compressivestrength in accordance with Test Method C 165 Procedure A,with the following test parameters and specimen preparationtechniques:5.4.1 Each of the two parallel bearing surfaces of thespecimens shall be plane. When required, rub them on asuitable abrasive surface to produce the required fl
27、at surface.5.4.2 The test specimens shall preferably be one half block12 by 18 in. (300 by 450 mm) by nominal received thickness.Alternates include a quadrant 9 by 12 in. 225 by 300 mm() ora full block 18 by 24 in.(450 by 600 mm) by nominal receivedthickness. A quadrant specimen shall be taken from
28、any one offour equal area quadrants of the preformed block. The mini-mum acceptable specimen size is 8 by 8 in. (200 by 200 mm).The report shall include the specimen size.5.4.3 Cap both bearing surfaces of the specimens as follows:Coat one surface with molten Type III or Type IV asphalt(350, + 50, 2
29、5F (preheated to 177, + 28, 14C), com-pletely filling the surface cells with a small excess. Such acoating application rate is approximately 0.20 lb/ft2(1.0 kg/m2)6 25%. Immediately press the hot coated block onto a precutpiece of felt or paper laying on a flat surface. This is to preventthe asphalt
30、 surface from sticking to the compression plattenduring the test. A lightweight kraft paper is suitable, althoughtraditionally a Type 1 roofing felt paper, commonly called aNo. 15 asphalt felt, per Specification D 226 has been used.NOTE 1A hot asphalt capping is used to simulate field appliedsystems
31、, which require a high load bearing insulation product, rangingfrom roof applications to cryogenic storage tank base applications.Uncapped material or different cappings will give different values.Properly capped surfaces shall be approximately plane andparallel. Set the specimens on edge, exposing
32、both cappedsurfaces to room temperature for a minimum of 15 min toallow the asphalt to harden before testing.5.4.4 The number of specimens to be tested and the sam-pling plan shall conform to Practice C 390 where applicable.For the purpose of inspection by users representative orindependent third pa
33、rty, the number of specimens shall con-form to ISO 3951 inspection level S-4, 10.0 % AQL using theS method.5.4.5 Compress the specimen until failure. The deformationat failure will vary, depending on the thickness of insulationand the thickness of the capping materials. Record the loads atthe failur
34、e point or definite yield point. The compressivestrength is calculated from this load divided by the specimencross sectional area in accordance with Test Method C 165.5.4.6 The rate of loading will depend on the type ofequipment used. With a hydraulic test machine use a constantload rate of 500 lbf/
35、s (2200 N/s) for half block specimen. Witha screw driven machine use a crosshead speed of 0.01 in./min.(0.1 mm/min.) per cm (in.) of specimen thickness, within atolerance of 625 %. Another alternate testing procedure is toreach failure within 30 to 90 s nominal 2.3 psi/s (16kPa/s).5.4.7 Due to the s
36、ample preparation, with the inclusion offelts and asphalt, the method described in Test Method C 1656Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: C16 1007.C2400812to determine compressive modulus of elasticity does not applyf
37、or cellular glass as a material by itself.NOTE 2It has been found extremely convenient to employ a partiallysubmerged roll (see Fig. 1) for applying the asphalt.5.5 Flexural StrengthDetermine flexural strength in ac-cordance with Test Method C 203, Method I or Method II,ProcedureA, preferably with a
38、 test specimen 1 in. thick by 4 in.wide by 12 in. long ( 25 mm thick by 100 mm wide by 300 mmlong).5.5.1 Measure the distance between the supports fromcenter to center of the bearing bars.5.5.2 The number of specimens to be tested and the sam-pling plan shall conform to Practice C 390 where applicab
39、le.For the purpose of inspection by users representative orindependent third party, the minimum number of specimensshall conform to ISO 3951 inspection level S-3, 10.0 % AQLusing the S method.5.6 Thermal ConductivityDetermine the thermal conduc-tivity in accordance with Test Method C 177 or Test Met
40、hodC 518. In the case of cellular glass, the following pointsdeserve special attention:5.6.1 To achieve flatness and parallelism of the surface asrequired by Test Method C 177 or Test Method C 518, thefollowing method is suggested:5.6.1.1 By sawing from the original block, prepare a speci-men with t
41、he required dimensions, its thickness being 2 or 3mm greater than the final thickness.5.6.1.2 Place the specimen on a flat metal plate slightlylarger than the specimen itself and put two machined metalbars on the metal plate near two opposite sides of the specimen.Insert a uniform sheet of paper wit
42、h a thickness 0.01 in. (14mm) between the flat base plate and the metal bars but notunder the sample. The metal bars are as thick as the finalthickness of the specimen and machined so that their top andbottom surfaces are flat and parallel.Alternatively to machinedbars, is the use of cold-rolled ste
43、el bars. These bars generallyare sufficiently flat and uniform in thickness.5.6.1.3 Using a third straight metal bar long enough to lapmetal bars on each side, carefully rub off the upper face of thespecimen until the scraping bar just contacts the thickness bars.5.6.1.4 Turn the specimen upside dow
44、n and place it back onthe flat metal plate and put the two metal bars on the metalplate near two opposite sides of the specimen, this time withoutthe sheet of paper under each metal bar.5.6.1.5 Repeat the rubbing operation described in 5.6.1.3.5.6.1.6 If the specimens have to be shipped, provide ad-
45、equate protection.5.6.2 Due to the rigid nature of the material and its open cellsurface, it is preferable to have the thermocouples mounted onthe surface of the plates and not adhered to the surface of thespecimens.5.6.3 For maximum accuracy, it is recommended that thetemperature difference between
46、 the hot and cold surfaces of thespecimens is such that the temperature gradient in the specimenequals or exceeds 40 F/in. (900 K m1).Avoid specimens madefrom several pieces of cellular glass. Joints are prohibited inthe central measuring area and their number shall be minimizedin the guard area.5.6
47、.4 The number of specimens to be tested and the sam-pling plan shall conform to Practice C 390 where applicable.For the purpose of inspection by users representative orindependent third party, the number of specimens shall con-form to ISO 3951 inspection level S-3, 10.0 % AQL using theS method.5.7 S
48、pecimen Preparation for Chemical AnalysisWhenspecified in the purchase order or contract, the followingchemical analysis results shall be furnished to the purchaser.5.7.1 Chemical Analysis for Leachable Chloride, (Fluo-ride), Silicate, and Sodium IonsDetermine leachable chlo-ride, (fluoride), silica
49、te and sodium ions in accordance withTest Methods C 871, MIL-I-24244,orNRC 1.36, with thefollowing exceptions or additions. The test specimen shall beprepared for leaching by either of the following equivalentmethods:5.7.1.1 Method ABreak 300 g of the sample into smallsize pieces12 in. (13 mm) or less. Comminute in a nominal1-gal (4-L) mill one-third to one-half full of appropriate mediafor 10 min. Screen out the 200 + 325 mesh fraction of 50 g,wash on the finer screen with 400 to 600 mL of cp methanolusing a wash bottle, and dry on the s
