1、Designation: C240 18Standard Test Methods forTesting Cellular Glass Insulation Block1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C240; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cellular glassinsulation block for density, water absorption, compressivestrength, flexural strength at am
3、bient temperature; preparationfor chemical analysis; and thermal conductivity measurements.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered sta
4、ndard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
5、to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarr
6、iers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties ofThermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
7、the Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Proper-ties of Block-Type Thermal InsulationC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC518 Test Met
8、hod for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insu-lation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate,and Sodium IonsD226/D226M Specification for Asphalt-Saturated OrganicFelt Used in Roofing a
9、nd WaterproofingD4869/D4869M Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Or-ganic Felt Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 3951 Sampling Procedure and Charts for Inspection byVariables for Percent Nonconforming32.3 Military Standard:MIL-I-24244 Specification Insulation Materials wit
10、h SpecialCorrosion, Chloride, and Fluoride Requirements42.4 Other Standard:NRC 1.36 Nonmetallic Thermal Insulation for AusteniticStainless Steel53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C168 shall be considered asapplying to the terms considered in these test methods.4. Significance and Use4.1 From
11、a general standpoint, these test methods outlinethe particular points which have to be taken into account whenapplying ASTM standard test methods to the case of cellularglass insulating block.5. Test Methods5.1 General Sample PreparationAll tests have to be runon dry specimens. In case of need, the
12、sample must beunpacked and stored in a dry place in such a way that allsurfaces are exposed to the ambient air for a minimum of 24hours before testing.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.32 on
13、Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved April 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C240 16. DOI:10.1520/C0240-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
14、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/
15、D, 700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.5Available from Director of Regulatory Standards, US Atomic EnergyCommission, Washington, DC 20545.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis internat
16、ional standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Commit
17、tee.15.2 DensityDetermine the density in accordance with TestMethod C303. Preferably, the density shall be measured on afull block, 18 by 24 in. (450 by 600 mm) by full thickness.5.2.1 It shall be noted that density is interesting as such forcalculation of insulated equipment load and because it has
18、influence on the other important properties of cellular glass.But it shall not be considered in itself as a criterion foracceptance in the case of cellular glass.5.3 Water Absorption:5.3.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofwater absorption of cellular glass insulating blocks by measur
19、-ing the amount of water retained as a result of completeimmersion for a prescribed time interval. Surface blotting isused to correct for the water absorbed on the cut surface cells.5.3.2 Significance and UseThis test method provides ameans of measuring the water absorption of cellular glassinsulati
20、ng blocks under isothermal conditions as a result ofdirect immersion in liquid water. It is intended for use inproduct evaluation and quality control.5.3.3 Equipment and Materials:5.3.3.1 Balance, minimum 1500 g capacity and 0.1 g orgreater sensitivity.5.3.3.2 Immersion Tank, equipped with inert spe
21、cimen sup-ports and top surface weights such as stainless steel.5.3.3.3 Synthetic Sponge, 4 by 7 by 1.5 in. (100 by 180 by40 mm) or larger. Sponges found acceptable to use includecellulosic sponges and fine-pored absorbent synthetic plasticsponges.5.3.3.4 Test Room, with temperature of 70 6 5F (21 6
22、3C) and relative humidity of 50 6 10 %.5.3.3.5 Distilled Water.5.3.4 Procedure:5.3.4.1 Carefully measure the thickness, width, and lengthto the nearest 1 mm of a cellular glass block, preferably 2 by12 by 18 in. (50 by 300 by 450 mm) and calculate the volumeand exposed surface area.5.3.4.2 Weigh the
23、 specimen to the nearest 0.1 g (W1), thensubmerge it horizontally under 25 mm (1 in.) of watermaintained at 70 6 5F (21 6 3C). Inert top surface weightsare required to keep it submerged. After submerging it for 2 h,set the specimen on end on a damp cotton bath towel to drainfor 10 min. After the 10
24、min, remove the excess surface waterby hand with a damp sponge for 1 min per large face and 1 minfor the four sides. Wring out the sponge before and once inbetween for each face and pass a minimum of two times oneach surface. Blot each face of the specimen equally bycompressing the sponge by a minim
25、um of 10 % of its thick-ness. Weigh the specimen immediately (W2) to the nearest 0.1g.5.3.5 Calculation of ResultsCalculate the weight of waterabsorbed (W2 W1) and express it as a function of the exteriorsurface of the sample (g/cm2). Water absorption is also beexpressed as a function of volume perc
26、ent, absorbed watervolume divided by specimen volume; or as a function ofweight percent, weight of water absorbed (W2 W1) dividedby the dry specimen weight (W1). Such ways of expressing theresults shall be strictly limited to direct comparison of resultson specimens of identical sizes.5.3.6 Precisio
27、n and BiasThe precision as determined ininter-laboratory tests is given in Research Report RR:C16-1007.6The repeatability or single-laboratory operator precisionis 60.00060 g/cm2or 60.030 volume % (61S). The repro-ducibility or multilaboratory operator precision is 60.00071g/cm2or 60.035 volume %. D
28、ue to a lack of a standard, nostatement is made regarding bias.5.4 Compressive StrengthDetermine the compressivestrength in accordance with Test Method C165 Procedure A,with the following test parameters and specimen preparationtechniques:5.4.1 Each of the two parallel bearing surfaces of thespecime
29、ns shall be plane. When required, rub them on asuitable abrasive surface to produce the required flat surface.5.4.2 The test specimens shall be 9 by 12 in. (225 by 300mm) by nominal received thickness, 12 by 18 in. (300 by 450mm) by nominal received thickness, or 18 by 24 in. (450 by600 mm) by nomin
30、al received thickness. Quadrant specimensshall be taken from any one of four equal area quadrants of thepreformed block. The minimum acceptable specimen size is 8by 8 in. (200 by 200 mm). The report shall include thespecimen size.5.4.3 Cap both bearing surfaces of the specimens as follows:Coat one s
31、urface with molten Type III or Type IV asphalt(350, +50, 25F (preheated to 177, +28, 14C), completelyfilling the surface cells with a small excess. Such a coatingapplication rate is approximately 0.20 lb/ft2(1.0 kg/m2) 6 25%. Immediately press the hot coated block onto a precut pieceof felt or paper
32、 laying on a flat surface. This is to prevent theasphalt surface from sticking to the compression platen duringthe test. A lightweight kraft paper is suitable, although tradi-tionally a Type 1 roofing felt paper, commonly called a No. 15asphalt felt, per Specification D226/D226M or D4869/D4869M has
33、been used.NOTE 1A hot asphalt capping is used to simulate field appliedsystems, which require a high load bearing insulation product, rangingfrom roof applications to cryogenic storage tank base applications.Uncapped material or different cappings will give different values.5.4.3.1 Properly capped s
34、urfaces shall be approximatelyplane and parallel. Set the specimens on edge, exposing bothcapped surfaces to room temperature for a minimum of 15 minto allow the asphalt to harden before testing.NOTE 2It has been found extremely convenient to employ a partiallysubmerged roll (see Fig. 1) for applyin
35、g the asphalt.5.4.4 An alternate capping procedure shall use a sheetproduct with at least one layer of reinforcement located on oneouter surface or within the center of the sheet. This materialshall have a thickness of 0.085 6 0.040 in. (2.2 6 1.0 mm) andshall have a minimum ShoreAhardness of 10 and
36、 a maximumShore A hardness of 50. Place one sheet on each load bearingsurface of the specimen and proceed following 5.4.6.5.4.5 The number of specimens to be tested and the sam-pling plan shall conform to Practice C390 where applicable.6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquart
37、ers and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C16-1007. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.C240 182For the purpose of inspection by users representative orindependent third party, the number of specimens shall con-form to ISO 3951 inspection level S-4, 10.0 % AQL using theS met
38、hod.5.4.6 Compress the specimen until failure. The deformationat failure will vary, depending on the thickness of insulationand the thickness of the capping materials. Record the loads atthe failure point or definite yield point. The compressivestrength is calculated from this load divided by the sp
39、ecimencross sectional area in accordance with Test Method C165.5.4.7 The rate of loading shall be determined by usingconstant load rates of 250 lbf/s (1100 N/s) for 9 by 12 in. (225by 300 mm) specimens, 500 lbf/s (2200 N/s) for 12 by 18 in.(300 by 400 mm) specimens and 1000 lbf/s (4400 N/s) for 18by
40、 24 in. (450 by 600 mm) specimens. An alternate methodwould be to use a crosshead speed of 0.01 in./min (0.1mm/min) per inch (centimetre) of specimen thickness.5.4.8 Due to the sample preparation, with the inclusion offelts, asphalt, and alternate capping materials, the methoddescribed in Test Metho
41、d C165 to determine compressivemodulus of elasticity does not apply for cellular glass as amaterial by itself.5.5 Flexural StrengthDetermine flexural strength in ac-cordance with Test Method C203, Method I or Method II,ProcedureA, preferably with a test specimen 1 in. thick by 4 in.wide by 12 in. lo
42、ng ( 25 mm thick by 100 mm wide by 300 mmlong).5.5.1 Measure the distance between the supports fromcenter to center of the bearing bars.5.5.2 The number of specimens to be tested and the sam-pling plan shall conform to Practice C390 where applicable.For the purpose of inspection by users representat
43、ive orindependent third party, the minimum number of specimensshall conform to ISO 3951 inspection level S-3, 10.0 % AQLusing the S method.5.6 Thermal ConductivityDetermine the thermal conduc-tivity in accordance with Test Method C177 or Test MethodC518. In the case of cellular glass, the following
44、points deservespecial attention:5.6.1 To achieve flatness and parallelism of the surface asrequired by Test Method C177 or Test Method C518, thefollowing method is suggested:5.6.1.1 By sawing from the original block, prepare a speci-men with the required dimensions, its thickness being 2 or 3mm grea
45、ter than the final thickness.5.6.1.2 Place the specimen on a flat metal plate slightlylarger than the specimen itself and put two machined metalbars on the metal plate near two opposite sides of the specimen.Insert a uniform sheet of paper with a thickness 0.01 in. (14mm) between the flat base plate
46、 and the metal bars but notunder the sample. The metal bars are as thick as the finalthickness of the specimen and machined so that their top andbottom surfaces are flat and parallel.Alternatively to machinedbars, is the use of cold-rolled steel bars. These bars generallyare sufficiently flat and un
47、iform in thickness.5.6.1.3 Using a third straight metal bar long enough to lapmetal bars on each side, carefully rub off the upper face of thespecimen until the scraping bar just contacts the thickness bars.5.6.1.4 Turn the specimen upside down and place it back onthe flat metal plate and put the tw
48、o metal bars on the metalplate near two opposite sides of the specimen, this time withoutthe sheet of paper under each metal bar.5.6.1.5 Repeat the rubbing operation described in 5.6.1.3.5.6.1.6 If the specimens have to be shipped, provide ad-equate protection.5.6.2 Due to the rigid nature of the ma
49、terial and its open cellsurface, it is preferable to have the thermocouples mounted onthe surface of the plates and not adhered to the surface of thespecimens.5.6.3 For maximum accuracy, it is recommended that thetemperature difference between the hot and cold surfaces of thespecimens is such that the temperature gradient in the specimenequals or exceeds 40 F/in. (900 K m1).Avoid specimens madefrom several pieces of cellular glass. Joints are prohibited inthe central measuring area and their number shall be minimizedin the guard area.5.6.4 The number o
