1、Designation: C 241/C 241M 09Standard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 241/C 241M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determi
3、nation of the abra-sion resistance of all types of stones for floors, steps, andsimilar uses where the wear is caused by the abrasion of foottraffic.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be
4、 exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe formula for calculation of the resultof this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measure-ments of wei
5、ght in this test method shall be recorded in SIunits. See 9.1 and 10.1.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applica
6、bility of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C97 Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Grav-ity of Dimension StoneC119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC 1353 Test Method Using the Taber Abraser for AbrasionResistance of Dimension Stone Subjec
7、ted to Foot Traffic3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Ter-minology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences inabrasion resistance between the various building stones. Thistest method also provides one element in compari
8、ng stones ofthe same type.5. Apparatus5.1 The abrasion testing apparatus shown in Fig. 1 shall beused. This apparatus consists essentially of a power-drivengrinding lap, A, 10 in. 250 mm in diameter, which is revolvedat 45 rpm; three specimen holders, B, with superimposedweights; gears, C, for revol
9、ving the specimen; and a means offeeding abrasive at a constant rate to the lap. The guide rings,D, are clamped in position slightly above the specimen holders,and the 2000 g weight bearing on the specimen is the combinedweight of the specimen holder, vertical shaft above with theattached spur gear,
10、 and a weight hopper, E, containing addi-tional adjustment weights. The frame, F, carrying the guiderings is adjustable vertically to accommodate different speci-men thicknesses. Gears, C, are adjusted on the shafts for eachspecimen thickness, so that they are slightly above the plate, G,throughout
11、the test.6. Sampling6.1 The sample may be selected by the purchaser or hisauthorized agent but shall represent the average quality of thetype or grade of stone under consideration. It shall be ofsufficient size to permit the preparation of at least three testspecimens, and one face should have the f
12、inish to be exposed1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on TestMethods.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20
13、05 as C 24190(2005).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
14、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Abrasion Resistance Test of StoneC 241/C 241M 092to traffic. The sample preferably should be 1 in. 25 mm thickand 8 in. 200 mm square.7. Test Specimens7.1 At least three specimens 2 in. 50 mm square andpre
15、ferably 1 in. 25 mm in thickness shall be sawed from thesample. The sharp edges shall be rounded by grinding to aradius of approximately132 in. 1 mm in order to preventcrumbling during the test.8. Conditioning8.1 Dry the specimens for 48 h in a ventilated oven at atemperature of 140 6 4F 60 6 2C. At
16、 the 46th, 47th, and48th hour, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is thesame. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry thespecimens until there are three successive hourly readings withthe same weight. After removing the specimens from the oven,cool them to room temperature in a d
17、esiccator before testingthem.9. Procedure9.1 Weigh the test specimens to the nearest 0.01 g; thenplace them in the abrasion testing apparatus and abrade for 225revolutions of the grinding lap with No. 60 Alundum abrasive(Norton treatment 138S). Remove the specimens from theapparatus, brush them free
18、 of dust, and weigh to the sameprecision as for the original weights.9.2 Place the specimens in water for an hour or more,surface dry them with a towel, and weigh again. Weigh thespecimens in water and calculate the bulk specific gravity asdescribed in Test Methods C97.NOTE 1Humidity affects the res
19、ults to some extent in that the rate ofgrinding is higher for higher humidity. For this reason it is advisable tomake the test when the relative humidity is between 30 and 40 %.NOTE 2The supplier of the No. 60 Alundum abrasive, Norton, hasindicated that the formula for Norton treatment 138S has been
20、 changed.The new abrasive is currrently more aggressive, resulting in lowerabrasive hardness values (Ha) than when the standard was initiallyestablished. As such, care should be taken when interpreting Havaluesfrom tests using the new abrasive, particularly with regard to currentASTM stone standard
21、specification requirements for abrasion resistance,which were developed when the original abrasive was still in use.NOTE 3A new abrasion resistance test has been adopted using theTaberAbraser (Test Method C 1353 forAbrasion Resistance of DimensionStone by the Taber Abraser). Preliminary assessments
22、indicate Havaluesestablished by Test Method C 241 appear to be similar to values producedby Test Method C 1353, however more data are currently being studied bySubcommittee C18.03.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the abrasion resistance of each specimen asfollows (Note 4):Ha5 10 G2000 1 Ws!/2000 Wa(1)w
23、here:G = bulk specific gravity of the sample,Ws= average weight of the specimen (original weight plusfinal weight divided by 2), in g, andWa= loss of weight during the grinding operation, in g.NOTE 4The abrasive hardness value, Ha, is the reciprocal of thevolume of material abraded multiplied by ten
24、. The superimposed weighton the specimen is 2000 g and this is augmented by the weight of thespecimen itself. The correction for the weight of the specimen, included inthe formula, is based on the fact that the rate of abrasion is directlyproportional to the weight. By basing the abrasive resistance
25、 values on thevolumes, rather than the weights abraded, a better comparison is obtainedfor materials that vary considerably in bulk density.11. Report11.1 The average of the tests on individual specimens,expressed to two significant figures, shall be reported as theabrasive resistance of the sample,
26、 but all results shall bereported as information. The report shall identify the type andgrade of stone, its source, and the approximate date of removalfrom the quarry.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result indeviation from accepted values. A precision sectio
27、n will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.13. Keywords13.1 abrasion resistance; durability; stoneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentio
28、nedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee an
29、d must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting o
30、f theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
31、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 241/C 241M 093
