1、Designation: C241/C241M 13C241/C241M 15Standard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C241/C241M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method cove
3、rs the determination of the abrasion resistance of all types of stones for floors, steps, and similar useswhere the wear is caused by the abrasion of foot traffic.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each sys
4、tem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe formula for calculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all meas
5、urementsof weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units. See 9.1 and 10.1.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and dete
6、rmine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C97 Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension StoneC119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC1353 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to F
7、oot Traffic Using a Rotary Platform AbraserC1799 Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specimen Sampling and Preparation3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Terminology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in abrasion resista
8、nce between the various building stones. This testmethod also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.5. Apparatus5.1 The abrasion testing apparatus shown in Fig. 1 shall be used. This apparatus consists essentially of a power-driven grindinglap, A, 10 in. 250 mm in diameter, which
9、 is revolved at 45 rpm; three specimen holders, B, with superimposed weights; gears,C, for revolving the specimen; and a means of feeding abrasive at a constant rate to the lap. The guide rings, D, are clamped inposition slightly above the specimen holders, and the 2000 g weight bearing on the speci
10、men is the combined weight of thespecimen holder, vertical shaft above with the attached spur gear, and a weight hopper, E, containing additional adjustmentweights. The frame, F, carrying the guide rings is adjustable vertically to accommodate different specimen thicknesses. Gears, C,are adjusted on
11、 the shafts for each specimen thickness, so that they are slightly above the plate, G, throughout the test.6. Sampling6.1 The sample may be selected by the purchaser or his authorized agent but shall represent the average quality of the type orgrade of stone under consideration. It shall be of suffi
12、cient size to permit the preparation of at least three test specimens, and oneface should have the finish to be exposed to traffic. The sample preferably should be 1 in. 25 mm thick and 8 in. 200 mm square.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is t
13、he direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved May 1, 2013May 1, 2015. Published May 2013July 2015. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 asC24109.13. DOI: 10.1520/C0241_C0241M-13.10.1520/C0241_C0241M-15.2 For referencedASTM
14、 standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of
15、 an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as pub
16、lished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1FIG. 1 Apparatus for Abrasion Resistance Test of StoneC241/C241M 152NOTE 1Refer to Guide C1799 for additional information on sele
17、cting, preparing, and conditioning test specimens.7. Test Specimens7.1 At least three specimens 2 in. 50 mm square and preferably 1 in. 25 mm in thickness shall be sawed from the sample.The sharp edges shall be rounded by grinding to a radius of approximately 132 in. 1 mm in order to prevent crumbli
18、ng duringthe test.8. Conditioning8.1 Dry the specimens for 48 h in a ventilated oven at a temperature of 140 6 4F 60 6 2C.At the 46th, 47th, and 48th hour,weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is the same. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry the specimens untilthere are three su
19、ccessive hourly readings with the same weight. After removing the specimens from the oven, cool them to roomtemperature in a desiccator before testing them.9. Procedure9.1 Weigh the test specimens to the nearest 0.01 g; then place them in the abrasion testing apparatus and abrade for 225revolutions
20、of the grinding lap with No. 60Alundum abrasive (Norton treatment 138S). Remove the specimens from the apparatus,brush them free of dust, and weigh to the same precision as for the original weights.9.2 Place the specimens in water for an hour or more, surface dry them with a towel, and weigh again.
21、Weigh the specimensin water and calculate the bulk specific gravity as described in Test Methods C97.NOTE 2Humidity affects the results to some extent in that the rate of grinding is higher for higher humidity. For this reason it is advisable to makethe test when the relative humidity is between 30
22、and 40 %.NOTE 3The supplier of the No. 60 Alundum abrasive, Norton, has indicated that the formula for Norton treatment 138S has been changed. The newabrasive is currrently more aggressive, resulting in lower abrasive hardness values (Ha) than when the standard was initially established. As such, ca
23、reshould be taken when interpreting Ha values from tests using the new abrasive, particularly with regard to current ASTM stone standard specificationrequirements for abrasion resistance, which were developed when the original abrasive was still in use.NOTE 4A new abrasion resistance test has been a
24、dopted using the Taber Abraser (Test Method C1353 for Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stoneby the Taber Abraser). Preliminary assessments indicate Ha values established by Test Method C241 appear to be similar to values produced by TestMethod C1353, however more data are currently being studied by
25、Subcommittee C18.03.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the abrasion resistance of each specimen as follows (Note 45):Ha 510.95G20001Ws!/2000 Wa (1)where:G = bulk specific gravity of the sample,Ws = average weight of the specimen (original weight plus final weight divided by 2), in g, andWa = loss of weig
26、ht during the grinding operation, in g.NOTE 5The abrasive hardness value, Ha, is the reciprocal of the volume of material abraded multiplied by ten. The superimposed weight on thespecimen is 2000 g and this is augmented by the weight of the specimen itself. The correction for the weight of the speci
27、men, included in the formula,is based on the fact that the rate of abrasion is directly proportional to the weight. By basing the abrasive resistance values on the volumes, rather thanthe weights abraded, a better comparison is obtained for materials that vary considerably in bulk density.11. Report
28、11.1 The average of the tests on individual specimens, expressed to two significant figures, shall be reported as the abrasiveresistance of the sample, but all results shall be reported as information. The report shall identify the type and grade of stone, itssource, and the approximate date of remo
29、val from the quarry.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result in deviation from accepted values. A precision section will be addedwhen sufficient data are available to indicate acceptable tolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.C241/C241M 15313. Keyword
30、s13.1 abrasion resistance; durability; stoneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and
31、 the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision
32、 of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shou
33、ldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtai
34、ned by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 154
