1、Designation: C241/C241M 151Standard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C241/C241M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTENote 3 was removed editorially in August
3、 2015.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abra-sion resistance of all types of stones for floors, steps, andsimilar uses where the wear is caused by the abrasion of foottraffic.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as stand
4、ard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe formula for calculation of the resultof this test method relies on
5、 the use of SI units; all measure-ments of weight in this test method shall be recorded in SIunits. See 9.1 and 10.1.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
6、 andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C97 Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravityof Dimension StoneC119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC1353 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Di
7、mensionStone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary PlatformAbraserC1799 Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specimen Samplingand Preparation3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Ter-minology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the diffe
8、rences inabrasion resistance between the various building stones. Thistest method also provides one element in comparing stones ofthe same type.5. Apparatus5.1 The abrasion testing apparatus shown in Fig. 1 shall beused. This apparatus consists essentially of a power-drivengrinding lap, A, 10 in. 25
9、0 mm in diameter, which is revolvedat 45 rpm; three specimen holders, B, with superimposedweights; gears, C, for revolving the specimen; and a means offeeding abrasive at a constant rate to the lap. The guide rings,D, are clamped in position slightly above the specimen holders,and the 2000 g weight
10、bearing on the specimen is the combinedweight of the specimen holder, vertical shaft above with theattached spur gear, and a weight hopper, E, containing addi-tional adjustment weights. The frame, F, carrying the guiderings is adjustable vertically to accommodate different speci-men thicknesses. Gea
11、rs, C, are adjusted on the shafts for eachspecimen thickness, so that they are slightly above the plate, G,throughout the test.6. Sampling6.1 The sample may be selected by the purchaser or hisauthorized agent but shall represent the average quality of thetype or grade of stone under consideration. I
12、t shall be ofsufficient size to permit the preparation of at least three testspecimens, and one face should have the finish to be exposedto traffic. The sample preferably should be 1 in. 25 mm thickand 8 in. 200 mm square.NOTE 1Refer to Guide C1799 for additional information on selecting,preparing,
13、and conditioning test specimens.7. Test Specimens7.1 At least three specimens 2 in. 50 mm square andpreferably 1 in. 25 mm in thickness shall be sawed from the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 o
14、n TestMethods.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C24115. DOI: 10.1520/C0241_C0241M-15E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.
15、org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1FIG. 1 Apparatus for Abrasion Resistance Test of StoneC241/C241M
16、 1512sample. The sharp edges shall be rounded by grinding to aradius of approximately132 in. 1 mm in order to preventcrumbling during the test.8. Conditioning8.1 Dry the specimens for 48 h in a ventilated oven at atemperature of 140 6 4F 60 6 2C. At the 46th, 47th, and48th hour, weigh the specimens
17、to ensure that the weight is thesame. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry thespecimens until there are three successive hourly readings withthe same weight. After removing the specimens from the oven,cool them to room temperature in a desiccator before testingthem.9. Procedure9.1 Weigh
18、the test specimens to the nearest 0.01 g; thenplace them in the abrasion testing apparatus and abrade for 225revolutions of the grinding lap with No. 60 Alundum abrasive(Norton treatment 138S). Remove the specimens from theapparatus, brush them free of dust, and weigh to the sameprecision as for the
19、 original weights.9.2 Place the specimens in water for an hour or more,surface dry them with a towel, and weigh again. Weigh thespecimens in water and calculate the bulk specific gravity asdescribed in Test Methods C97.NOTE 2Humidity affects the results to some extent in that the rate ofgrinding is
20、higher for higher humidity. For this reason it is advisable tomake the test when the relative humidity is between 30 and 40 %.NOTE 3A new abrasion resistance test has been adopted using theTaber Abraser (Test Method C1353 for Abrasion Resistance of DimensionStone by the Taber Abraser). Preliminary a
21、ssessments indicate Havaluesestablished by Test Method C241 appear to be similar to values producedby Test Method C1353, however more data are currently being studied bySubcommittee C18.03.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the abrasion resistance of each specimen asfollows (Note 4):Ha5 10.95G20001Ws!/20
22、00 Wa(1)where:G = bulk specific gravity of the sample,Ws= average weight of the specimen (original weight plusfinal weight divided by 2), in g, andWa= loss of weight during the grinding operation, in g.NOTE 4The abrasive hardness value, Ha, is the reciprocal of thevolume of material abraded multipli
23、ed by ten. The superimposed weighton the specimen is 2000 g and this is augmented by the weight of thespecimen itself. The correction for the weight of the specimen, included inthe formula, is based on the fact that the rate of abrasion is directlyproportional to the weight. By basing the abrasive r
24、esistance values on thevolumes, rather than the weights abraded, a better comparison is obtainedfor materials that vary considerably in bulk density.11. Report11.1 The average of the tests on individual specimens,expressed to two significant figures, shall be reported as theabrasive resistance of th
25、e sample, but all results shall bereported as information. The report shall identify the type andgrade of stone, its source, and the approximate date of removalfrom the quarry.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result indeviation from accepted values. A precisi
26、on section will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.13. Keywords13.1 abrasion resistance; durability; stoneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any it
27、em mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical com
28、mittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
29、meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
30、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1513
