1、Designation: C296/C296M 00 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forAsbestos-Cement Pressure Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C296/C296M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers asbestos-cement pressure pipefor use in supply lines and distribution systems that carry waterunder
3、 pressure. The specification also covers asbestos-cementpressure pipe for use in sewer force mains which carry sewageunder pressure.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. Those notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall n
4、ot be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from th
5、e two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement
6、 products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use ofChrysotile: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”21.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is therespon
7、sibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC458/C458M Test Method for Organic Fiber Content
8、ofAsbestos-Cement ProductsC500/C500M Test Methods for Asbestos-Cement PipeC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteD1869 Specification for Rubber Rings for Asbestos-CementPipeD2946 Terminology for
9、 Asbestos and AsbestosCementProducts2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Domestic Shipment (CivilianAgencies)42.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage42.4 Other Documents:AWWA C401 Standard Practice for the Selection ofAsbestos-Cement Water Pipe5Uniform Freigh
10、t Classification Rules6Motor Freight Classification Rules73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 couplingsection for joining asbestos-cement pipethat, when properly installed with the proper accessories,develops a joint equivalent in strength and serviceability to thepipe sections.3.1.2 lotfor pipe siz
11、es 525 mm 21 in. in diameter andsmaller, each 300 lengths of pipe or less, of identical class andsize manufactured on each machine during a 24-h period. Forpipe larger than 525 mm 21 in. each 300 lengths of pipe orless, of identical class and size manufactured on each machineduring a period of conse
12、cutive working days not exceedingseven days.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of C17.03 onAsbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015.
13、 Originally approvedin 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C296 00(2009)1. DOI:10.1520/C0296_C0296M-00R15.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
14、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Available from American Water Works Association, 6666 West QuinceyAve
15、nue, Denver, CO 80235.6Available from the Uniform Classification Commission, Room 1106, 222 S.Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606.7Available from National Motor Freight Inc., 1616 “P St. NW, Washington, DC20036.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
16、428-2959. United States13.2 Definitions for the following terms are presented inTerminology D2946: accessories, crushing strength, cure, flex-ural strength (in pipes), free lime, hydrostatic strength, organicfiber content, purchaser, silica, supplier, and uncombinedcalcium.4. Classification4.1 Asbes
17、tos-cement pipe furnished under this specificationshall conform to Classes 100, 150, and 200. These nominaldesignations in psi are equivalent to nominal SI units of 7, 10,and 14 kPa, respectively.NOTE 1The purchaser shall determine the proper class of pipe to beused under the installation and operat
18、ion conditions anticipated. For thispurpose refer to Standard Practice AWWA C401 83.4.2 The types of pipe shall be known as Type I and Type IIcorresponding to the chemical requirements in Section 10 ofthis specification.NOTE 2To assist the purchaser in choosing the type of pipe mostsuitable for his
19、use, guidelines for the definition of aggressiveness of waterand of soil environments for selection of the proper type of asbestos-cement pipe are covered in Test Methods C500/C500M.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Asbestos-cement pressure pipe shall be composed of anintimate mixture of portland ceme
20、nt conforming to Specifica-tion C150/C150M, or portland slag cement or pozzolan cementconforming to Specification C595/C595M, and asbestos fiber,with or without finely divided silica or minerals containingsuch silica conforming to Specification C618, that is capable ofreacting during autoclaving to
21、form calcium silicate reactionproducts in the ratio of cement:silica equal to 3:2. The mixtureshall contain no more than 0.2 % of nondeleterious organicadditives as determined by Test Method C458/C458M. Thematerial shall be of laminar construction formed under pressureto a homogeneous structure and
22、cured to meet the physical andchemical requirements of this specification.6. Rubber Rings6.1 The rubber rings used to seal the joints of the asbestos-cement pipe shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationD1869.7. Hydrostatic Strength7.1 Each standard, random or short length of pipe (Section1
23、2) and each coupling sleeve shall be hydrostatically tested bythe manufacturer prior to shipment and shall have sufficientstrength to withstand the internal hydrostatic pressure pre-scribed in Table 1, when tested in accordance with TestMethods C500/C500M.7.2 From each lot which has passed the routi
24、ne hydrostaticproof test, one length shall be selected by the inspector. Eachselected length shall be hydrostatically tested in accordancewith Test Methods C500/C500M to a pressure of four times therated working pressure for the class of pipe, maintaining suchpressure for not less than 5 s. In case
25、of failure under pressure,refer to 15.5. Each pipe so tested shall be retested in accor-dance with 7.1 of this specification.8. Flexural Strength8.1 Each length of pipe in sizes 100, 150, and 200 mm 4,6, and 8 in. shall have sufficient flexural strength to withstand,without failure, the total load p
26、rescribed in Table 2, whentested in accordance with Test Methods C500/C500M. In caseof failure under load, refer to 15.4.9. Crushing Strength9.1 When specifically requested by the purchaser in hisorder, crushing tests shall be conducted before shipment at thepurchasers expense. A 30-cm 1-ft length o
27、f pipe for each lotcut from an unmachined portion of the pipe shall havesufficient strength to resist the minimum crushing load pre-scribed in Table 3, when tested in accordance with TestMethods C500/C500M.9.2 In case of failure under the crushing load, refer to 15.4.10. Chemical Requirements10.1 Wh
28、en uncombined calcium hydroxide tests arerequested, one sample shall be taken from each lot of pipe andtested in accordance with Test Methods C500/C500M. Thesample to be tested shall be taken from one of the specimensselected for the crushing test. The amount of uncombinedcalcium hydroxide shall not
29、 exceed 1.0 % for Type II pipe.NOTE 3There are no chemical requirements for Type I pipe.10.2 In case a specimen fails to meet the 1 % limit, refer to15.6.11. Sampling11.1 All pipe and couplings tested under this specificationshall be in a normal air-dried condition in equilibrium withatmospheric moi
30、sture.12. Sizes and Dimensions12.1 Couplings and coupling areas of pipe shall be ma-chined or otherwise finished to such dimensions as will providetight joints when assembled with proper accessories and putinto service for which the pipe is intended.12.2 Pipe shall be manufactured with nominal insid
31、e diam-eters of 102, 152, 203, 254, 304, 356, 406, 457, 508, 610, 762,and 914 mm 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 30, and 36 in.TABLE 1 Applied Hydrostatic Proof PressuresClassnominal psiApplied PressureMPa psi100 2.4 350150 3.6 525200 4.8 700TABLE 2 Applied Flexural Proof LoadsNominal Size Tota
32、l Applied Load, kN lbfmm in. Class 100 Class 150 Class 200100 4 5.3 1200 6.6 1470 8.4 1870150 6 12.5 2800 16.5 3700 21.8 4900200 8 25.9 5330 33.8 7600 45.1 10130C296/C296M 00 (2015)2in Classes 100, 150, and 200 as defined in Section 3. Theaverage diameters of standard and random lengths shall be les
33、sthan the nominal by not more than 5.0 %, when measuredapproximately 75 mm 3 in. from the end.12.3 The standard length shall be 3960 6 25 mm 13 ft 61 in. Alternative lengths shall be 3050 6 25 mm 10 ft 6 1in. for 100 and 200 mm 4 and 6 in. pipe and 4880 6 25 mm16 ft 6 1 in. for 360 mm 14 in. and lar
34、ger pipe. At least85 % of the combined total length of pipe of any one class,type, and size, excluding short lengths, shall be furnished instandard lengths. The remaining 15 % shall be in randomlengths of not less than2m7ft. Short lengths, whenspecifically ordered, shall not exceed2m7ft.13. Workmans
35、hip and Finish13.1 Machined ends of the pipe that receive the couplingshall be free of dents and gouges that will affect the tightnessof the joint.13.2 Each pipe shall be free of bulges, dents, and tears in theinside surface that result in a variation in diameter of more than5 mm 0.2 in. from that o
36、btained on adjacent unaffectedportions of the surface.13.3 Each length of pipe shall not vary in straightness bymore than 0.04 mm/m 0.05 in./ft of length when the variationis measured in accordance with Test Methods C500/C500M.14. Marking and Shipping14.1 Each standard and random length of pipe shal
37、l bemarked by the manufacturer with the trade name, nominal size,class, hydrostatic proof pressure, and date of manufacture.Each coupling sleeve, if made of the same material as the pipe,shall be marked by the manufacturer with the nominal size,class, and the letter “T to indicate that it has been h
38、ydrostati-cally tested.14.2 Pipe and couplings shall be prepared for commercialshipment so as to ensure acceptance by common or othercarriers.15. Inspection and Rejection15.1 All material furnished under this specification shallconform to the requirements stated herein and shall be sub-jected to the
39、 factory inspection and tests prescribed in thisspecification. When requested by the purchaser in his order, thesupplier shall notify the purchaser of the time that the inspec-tion and testing will take place so that the purchaser shallarrange for witnessing such tests and inspections at his ownexpe
40、nse. Instead of such inspection, when requested, thesupplier shall certify that his product conforms to the require-ments of this specification.15.2 Each pipe and coupling shall be inspected by thesupplier, before shipment, for compliance with the standardsfor dimensions, tolerances, and workmanship
41、 and finish (seealso Section 11).15.3 Failure of any specimen tested for crushing strength towithstand 75 % of the load specified in Section 8 shall be causefor rejection of the lot from which the test specimen was taken.15.4 When any specimen tested for crushing strength with-stands over 75 % but u
42、nder 100 % of the load specified inSection 9, one specimen shall be cut from each of twoadditional pipes of the same lot and be tested. Failure of eitherof these additional specimens to meet the strength requirementsof Section 9 shall be cause for rejection of the entire lot fromwhich the original s
43、ample was taken.15.5 If any pipe subjected to the hydrostatic test describedin Test Methods C500/C500M fails to withstand the higherpressure specified in 7.2, two additional lengths of the samesize and class shall be selected from the pipe manufacturedduring the same shift and shall be subjected to
44、the higherhydrostatic test. The failure of one of these additional lengthsto withstand the specified pressure shall be cause for rejectionof the entire lot of that size and class manufactured during thesame shift as the test lengths.15.6 If the results of the uncombined calcium hydroxide testshow th
45、at the sample failed to meet the specificationrequirements, two additional specimens shall be selected andsampled for test. The failure of one of these two additionalsamples to meet the specification requirements of Section 8shall be cause for rejection of the lot.16. Keywords16.1 asbestos-cement; p
46、ipe; pressure pipeTABLE 3 Minimum Crushing Loads per Unit LengthNominal Size Crushing Strength, kN/m lbf/ftClass 100 Class 150 Class 200mm in. kN/m lbf/ft kN/m lbf/ft kN/m lbf/ft00 4 60 4100 79 5400 127 8700150 6 58 4000 79 5400 131 9000200 8 58 4000 80 5500 136 9300250 10 64 4400 102 7000 161 11000
47、300 12 76 5200 111 7600 172 11800360 14 76 5200 126 8600 197 13500410 16 85 5800 134 9200 225 15400460 18 95 6500 147 10100 254 17400C296/C296M 00 (2015)3SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall apply when material is supplied under thisspecification for U.S. Governme
48、nt procurement.S1. PackagingS1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract, the materialshall be packaged in accordance with the producers standardpractice which will be acceptable to the carrier at lowest rates.Containers and packing shall comply with Uniform FreightClassification Rules6or Nationa
49、l Motor Freight ClassificationRules.7Marking for shipment of such material shall be inaccordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies andMIL-STD-129 for military agencies.S2. Responsibility for InspectionS2.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the supplier is responsible for the testing of all materialto assure compliance with the requirements specified herein.Except as other
